[논문]단일 UAV를 이용한 해안 지형 측량

노효섭; 김병욱; 이민재; 박용성; 방기영; 유호준

doi:10.3741/jkwra.2023.56.s-1.1027

[국내논문] 단일 UAV를 이용한 해안 지형 측량
Survey of coastal topography using images from a single UAV 원문보기

Journal of Korea Water Resources Association = 한국수자원학회논문집, v.56 suppl.1, 2023년, pp.1027 - 1036

노효섭 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) , 김병욱 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) , 이민재 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) , 박용성 (서울대학교 건설환경공학부) , 방기영 (지오시스템리서치 수치모델링연구소) , 유호준 (지오시스템리서치 연안관리부)

초록
AI-Helper

해안 환경에서 정확한 지형 조사는 필수적이나 지점식 조사 기법이 일반적이며, 이마저도 육상과 해저면을 독립적으로 계측한다. 본 연구에서는 단일 UAV만을 이용해 육상 및 해저 지형을 측량하는 방법을 소개한다. 세부적으로, UAV 영상을 활용해 지형 및 수심을 계측하는 두 알고리즘을 각각 적용한 뒤 결과물을 정합하여 수행된다. 해빈 지형의 취득은 공간 스캔 영상을 이용하는 Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo 기술이 적용된다. 해저 지형 측량을 위해서는 고정비행으로 취득된 시계열 파랑 영상을 이용하는 분산관계식 기반 수심 역산 기법이 적용된다. 두 요소기술로 산정한 수치 표고모형을 좌표에 따라 정합한 후, 쇄파대 및 포말대와 같이 두 요소기술 적용이 불가능한 부분을 내삽하여 최종적으로 연속된 근해역 지형을 취득할 수 있다. 본 UAV 기반 지형 측량 기법을 경상북도 포항시의 장사해수욕장에 적용한 결과 세부적인 지형적 특징을 재현해낼 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안되는 통합 모니터링 방법은 기존 방법들에 비해 시간, 비용, 안전 측면에서 이점이 있어 해안지역의 침퇴적 분석에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Coastal topographic information is crucial in coastal management, but point measurment based approeaches, which are labor intensive, are generally applied to land and underwater, separately. This study introduces an efficient method enabling land and undetwater surveys using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This method involves applying two different algorithms to measure the topography on land and water depth, respectively, using UAV imagery and merge them to reconstruct whole coastal digital elevation model. Acquisition of the landside terrain is achieved using the Structure-from-Motion Multi-View Stereo technique with spatial scan imagery. Independently, underwater bathymetry is retrieved by employing a depth inversion technique with a drone-acquired wave field video. After merging the two digital elevation models into a local coordinate, interpolation is performed for areas where terrain measurement is not feasible, ultimately obtaining a continuous nearshore terrain. We applied the proposed survey technique to Jangsa Beach, South Korea, and verified that detailed terrain characteristics, such as berm, can be measured. The proposed UAV-based survey method has significant efficiency in terms of time, cost, and safety compared to existing methods.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Fig. 1. Projected two key point locations and camera positions in aerial images
그림 Fig. 2. Examples of two images with overlapping spaces captured in adjacent locations (a,b), the resulting swash zone terrain estimation error (c), and the removal of the water surface affected area
표 Fig. 3. Examplar illustrations of pre-processing procedures. (a) The first frame of a wave field video. (b) ortho- and geo-rectification. (c) Water masking and dominant mode extraction
그림 Fig. 4. Study sites and measured ground truth points
그림 Fig. 5. Bathmetry contour of the land-seabed integrated DEM
그림 Fig. 6. Measured and estimated elevation at the baselines
그림 Fig. 7. Integrated bathmetry contour

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