[논문]취수 수심이 합천호의 수온성층과 방류 수온에 미치는 영향 모델링

정선아; 김혜지; 이혜숙

doi:10.14249/eia.2023.32.6.473

[국내논문] 취수 수심이 합천호의 수온성층과 방류 수온에 미치는 영향 모델링
Modeling the Effect of Intake Depth on the Thermal Stratification and Outflow Water Temperature of Hapcheon Reservoir 원문보기

환경영향평가 = Journal of environmental impact assessment, v.32 no.6, 2023년, pp.473 - 487

정선아 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원) , 김혜지 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원) , 이혜숙 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원)

초록
AI-Helper

1970~1980년대 준공된 우리나라의 다목적댐 저수지에는 발전방류를 위한 고정식 취수구가 심층에 설치되어 있어 일부 댐 하류에서는 냉수 방류에 의한 농작물 냉해, 안개 일수 증가 등의 문제점이 제기된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 고정식 취수구를 통해 심층 취수가 이루어지고 있는 합천호를 대상으로 취수 수심이 저수지의 수온 성층 구조와 방류 수온에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 3차원 수리수질모형인 AEM3D를 이용하여 합천호의 연직 수온 분포를 재현하고 계절별 수온성층 구조를 분석하였으며, 수문 조건에 따른 수온성층 변화를 비교 분석하기 위하여 풍수해와 갈수해를 대상으로 모델링 하였다. 또한 취수심 변경 시나리오를 적용함으로써 취수 수심이 수온성층 구조에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 모의 결과 심층 취수를 표층 취수로 변경할 경우 수온약층의 형성 위치가 풍수해 6.5 m, 갈수해 6.8 m 감소하여 더 얕은 수심에 형성될 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 수체 안정도 지수인 Schmidt Stability Index (SSI)와 Buoyancy frequency (N²)가 증가하여 수온성층 강도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 표층 취수시 연평균 방류수온이 풍수해 3.5℃, 갈수해 5.0℃ 증가하여 하류하천의 영향은 감소하나, 호내의 저수온층 수체적과 수온성층 강도가 증가하므로 추후 수질관리를 위해 취수심을 댐 운영의 주요인자로 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Korea's multi-purpose dams, which were constructed in the 1970s and 1980s, have a single outlet located near the bottom for hydropower generation. Problems such as freezing damage to crops due to cold water discharge and an increase the foggy days have been raised downstream of some dams. In this study, we analyzed the effect of water intake depth on the reservoir's water temperature stratification structure and outflow temperature targeting Hapcheon Reservoir, where hypolimnetic withdrawal is drawn via a fixed depth outlet. Using AEM3D, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model, the vertical water temperature distribution of Hapcheon Reservoir was reproduced and the seasonal water temperature stratification structure was analyzed. Simulation periods were wet and dry year to compare and analyze changes in water temperature stratification according to hydrological conditions. In addition, by applying the intake depth change scenario, the effect of water intake depth on the thermal structure was analyzed. As a result of the simulation, it was analyzed that if the hypolimnetic withdrawal is changed to epilimnetic withdrawal, the formation location of the thermocline will decrease by 6.5 m in the wet year and 6.8 m in the dry year, resulting in a shallower water depth. Additionally, the water stability indices, Schmidt Stability Index (SSI) and Buoyancy frequency (N2), were found to increase, resulting in an increase in thermal stratification strength. Changing higher withdrawal elevations, the annual average discharge water temperature increases by 3.5℃ in the wet year and by 5.0℃ in the dry year, which reduces the influence of the downstream river. However, the volume of the low-water temperature layer and the strength of the water temperature stratification within the lake increase, so the water intake depth is a major factor in dam operation for future water quality management.

주제어

표/그림 (14)

그림 Figure 1. (a) Location of Hapcheon Reservoir; (b) Bathymetric map of the Hapcheon Reservoir including the location of intake tower.
표 Table 1. Monthly meteorological and hydrological data for Hapcheon Dam in 2010, 2017 and comparison with past data
그림 Figure 2. Comparison of predicted and observed water levels; (a) 2010, (b) 2017.
표 Table 2. Hydraulic parameters used in AEM3D for Hapcheon Reservoir
그림 Figure 3. Vertical profiles of temperature observed and predicted in (a) 2010, (b) 2017.
그림 Figure 4. Comparison of temporal and vertical distributions of temperature simulated in (a) 2010, (b) 2017.
그림 Figure 5. Comparison of Schmidt stability index calculated in 2010 and 2017.
그림 Figure 6. Comparison of Buoyancy frequency calculated in 2010 and 2017.
그림 Figure 7. Comparison of outflow temperature simulated in 2010 and 2017.
그림 Figure 8. Simulation results of thermal stratification with the changes of intake depth in 2010; (a) hypolimnetic withdrawal, (b) epilimnetic withdrawal.
그림 Figure 9. Simulation results of thermal stratification with the changes of intake depth in 2017; (a) hypolimnetic withdrawal, (b) epilimnetic withdrawal.
그림 Figure 10. Comparison of outflow temperature with the change of intake depth; (a) 2010, (b) 2017.
표 Table 3. Comparison of the monthly average SSI and N2 in 2010 and 2017 with the changes of intake depth
표 Table 4. Monthly outflow water temperature in 2010, 2017 with the change of intake depth

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