[논문]2019년 여름철 제주해협에서 관측된 중층 저온수의 분포와 기원

유도협; 김종규; 최병주

doi:10.7850/jkso.2023.28.1.019

2019년 여름철 제주해협에서 관측된 중층 저온수의 분포와 기원
Distribution and Origin of the Mid-depth Cold Water Pools Observed in the Jeju Strait in the Summer of 2019 원문보기

바다 : 한국해양학회지 = The sea : the journal of the Korean society of oceanography, v.28 no.1, 2023년, pp.19 - 40

유도협 (전남대학교 해양학과) , 김종규 (전남대학교 기초과학연구소) , 최병주 (전남대학교 해양학과)

초록
AI-Helper

여름철 제주해협 물성 분포의 특성과 제주해협 수괴가 연안에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 2019년 6월, 7월, 8월에 완도와 제주도 사이에서 수온과 염분을 관측하였다. 여름철 계절 수온약층 아래에서 15℃의 저온수가 관측되었으며, 이 저온수는 관측시기에 따라 다르지만 수심이 깊은 제주해협 남쪽 골보다는 주로 제주해협 중앙의 중층과 북쪽 사면에 분포하였다. 이 저온수를 구성하는 근원 수괴를 알아보기 위하여 제주해협에서 관측된 해수를 구성하는 주변 근원 수괴들의 혼합비(mixing ratio)를 계산하였다. 여름철 제주해협 중앙 중층과 북쪽 사면에 나타나는 저온수는 평균적으로 쿠로시오 아표층수가 54% 그리고 황해저층냉수가 33% 비율로 혼합된 해수였다. 이 중층 저온수는 제주해협 전 수층에서 가장 낮은 수온을 갖는 해수임에도 상대적으로 고온고염인 쿠로시오아표층수가 큰 구성비율을 갖고 있다. 중층 저온수가 제주해협에서 가장 낮은 수온의 분포를 갖게 된 이유는 다른 제주해협 해수에 비해 황해저층냉수의 기여도가 높기 때문이다. 제주해협 중층 저온수의 기원을 살펴보기 위하여 황해, 동중국해, 대한해협에서 2019년 여름철에 관측한 광역 수온과 염분 자료를 분석하였다. 제주도 남서쪽 동중국해 계절 수온약층 아래에서 쿠로시오 기원의 해수와 황해저층냉수가 열염전선을 형성하였고, 이 열염전선을 가로지르는 수괴의 관입에 의해 해수의 혼합이 발생하였다. 동중국해에서 형성된 이 혼합수는 제주해협에서 관측된 중층 저온수와 거의 같은 혼합비율을 가졌다. 이런 결과들을 종합하였을 때 제주해협에서 여름철에 관측된 중층 저온수는 동중국해에서 쿠로시오 아표층수와 황해저층냉수의 혼합으로 만들어진 저온수가 해류를 따라 이동한 것이다. 제주해협 중앙과 북쪽 사면으로 이동한 중층 저온수는 제주해협 중앙의 중층에서 수온역전을 만들고, 한국 남해안 연안의 표층 수온 변동에도 큰 영향을 미친다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

To investigate the role of water masses in the Jeju Strait in summer on the shallow coastal region and the characteristics of water properties in the strait, temperature and salinity were observed across the Jeju Strait in June, July, and August 2019. The cold water pool, whose temperature is lower than 15℃, was observed in the mid-depths of the central Jeju Strait and on the northern bottom slope of the strait. The cold water pools have the lowest temperature in the strait. To identify water masses comprising the cold water pool in the Jeju Strait, mixing ratios of water masses were calculated. The mid-depth cold water pool of the Jeju Strait consists of 54% of the Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) and 33% of the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW). Although the cold water pool is dominantly affected by the KSSW, the YSBCW plays a major role to make the cold water pool maintain the lowest temperature in the Jeju Strait. To find origin of the cold water pool, temperature and salinity data from the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Korea Strait in the summer of 2019 were analyzed. The cold water pool was generated along the thermohaline frontal zone between the KSSW and YSBCW in the East China Sea where intrusion and mixing of water masses are active below the seasonal thermocline. The cold water in the thermohaline frontal zone had similar mixing ratio to the cold water pool in the Jeju Strait and it advected toward the Korea Strait and shallow coastal region off the south coast of Korea. Intrusion of the mid-depth cold water pool made temperature inversion in the Jeju Strait and affected sea surface temperature variations at the coastal region off the south coast of Korea.

주제어

표/그림 (17)

그림 Fig. 1. Study region including the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Korea Strait. (a) Hydrographic observation stations (black dots) and (b) surface net heat flux (red dots) and air temperature (red triangle) observation stations. The red triangle next to W02 indicates the air temperature observation station at Cheongsan Island. Color shading represents bathymetry in meter. JWC, TWC, and YDF stand for Jeju Warm Current, Tsushima Warm Current, and Yangtze River Discharge Flow, respectively.
표 Table 1. Overview of the in-situ observation data used in this study
그림 Fig. 2. (a) Temperature-Salinity (T-S) diagram showing the contribution of four end-member water types (A, B, C, and D) on the mixed water type P. T-S diagram for the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Korea Strait using the observed temperature and salinity data in (b) June, (c) July, and (d) August from 1990 to 2019.
표 Table 2. Water mass and end-member water type of each water mass
그림 Fig. 3. Distribution of (left panel) temperature and (right panel) salinity along J transect across the Jeju Strait in June, July, and August 2019.
그림 Fig. 4. Distribution of (left panel) temperature and (right panel) salinity along W transect across the Jeju Strait in June, July, and August 2019.
그림 Fig. 5. Temperature-Salinity diagram along the (left panel) J line and (right panel) W line across the Jeju Strait in June, July, and August 2019. Blue and red boxes indicate ranges on the water properties of the mid-depth Cold Water Pool (CWP) and Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW), respectively.
그림 Fig. 6. Mixing ratio of the (left panel) Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and (right panel) Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) along J line across the Jeju Strait in June, July, and August 2019.
그림 Fig. 7. Mixing ratio of the (left panel) Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and (right panel) Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) along W line across the Jeju Strait in June, July, and August 2019.
표 Table 3. Mixing ratio range of the mid-depth CWP between the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW)
그림 Fig. 8. Horizontal distribution of (a) temperature, (b) salinity, and mixing ratio of (c) Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and (d) Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) at a depth of 50 m in June 2019. Solid dot represents hydrographic observation station.
그림 Fig. 9. Horizontal distribution of (a) temperature, (b) salinity, and mixing ratio of (c) Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and (d) Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) at a depth of 50 m in August 2019. Solid dot represents hydrographic observation station.
그림 Fig. 10. Vertical distribution of the mixing ratio on the (left panel) Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) and (right panel) Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) along the 314 and 315 lines in Fig. 1(a) in June and August 2019.
그림 Fig. 11. Vertical profile of temperature (red solid line), salinity (blue solid line) and density (black solid line; σ_t) at (a) 315-03 and (b) 315-04 in August 2019. Refer to Fig. 1(a) for geographic location of the observation stations.
그림 Fig. 12. Time-series of (a) air temperature at Geomun Island (GMD; red solid line), Chuja Island (CJD; black solid line) and Wando (WD; blue solid line), (b) surface net heat flux around Cheongsan Island (CSD; red triangle next to W02 station in Fig. 1(b), (c) wind vector and (d) along-strait wind stress (τ_x) at GMD (red vector and solid line) and CJD (black vector and solid line) from June to August 2019. (e) and (f) are time-series of water temperature at CSD (black solid line) and its time variations, respectively.
그림 Fig. 13. Paths of the mid-depth Cold Water Pool (CWP; blue arrow) flowing eastward and Kuroshio Subsurface Water (KSSW) flowing eastward by the Jeju Warm Current in the mid-depth (red open arrow) and flowing westward by the Jeju Strait Undercurrent in the bottom layer of deep trough (dark red solid arrow), respectively, in summer. The black contour represents the 120-m isobath.
그림 Fig. 14. Vertical profiles of temperature and salinity at J07 (black solid line), W07 (red solid line), J04 (black solid line), and W04 (red solid line) in August 2019.

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