[논문]식품알레르기 유경험 미취학아동 양육자의 지식 및 식사관리에 대한 연구

김승희; 이승민

doi:10.4163/jnh.2023.56.2.184

식품알레르기 유경험 미취학아동 양육자의 지식 및 식사관리에 대한 연구
Knowledge and management of food allergy by parents of preschool children who experience food allergies 원문보기

Journal of nutrition and health, v.56 no.2, 2023년, pp.184 - 202

김승희 (연세대학교 교육대학원 영양교육전공) , 이승민 (연세대학교 생활과학대학 식품영양학과)

초록
AI-Helper

본 연구는 식품알레르기 경험이 있는 미취학아동의 양육자를 대상으로 양육자가 식품알레르기 관리를 위해 필요한 교육이 무엇인지 파악하고자 하였다. 양육자 400명을 대상으로 2022년 7월 온라인 업체를 통해 설문조사를 진행하였으며, 모든 데이터는 SPSS 통계 (ver. 25)를 사용하여 분석되었다. 미취학아동의 식품알레르기 경험에도 불구하고 양육자의 식품알레르기 지식수준은 낮았다. 특히 '원인식품' (74.2%)과 '식품반응' (65.2%) 관련된 문항의 오답률이 높았다. 또한, 식품알레르기 지식수준을 '상', '중', '하'로 구분하여 평가한 결과 미취학아동의 연령에 따라 아동의 나이가 어릴수록 지식수준이 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 양육자의 식품알레르기 관리여부를 4가지 문항으로 측정한 결과, '식재료 및 조리기기 분리사용' (50.5%), '식품알레르기 유발표시 확인' (34.0%) 관리율이 낮았다. 식품알레기 진단여부에 따라 식재료 및 조리기기를 분리사용 관리에 유의적인 차이가 있었으며, 의사진단을 받은 미취학아동의 양육자 중 59.4%가 분리사용 관리를 하고 있었다 (p < 0.01). 또한, 식품알레르기 지식이 높아질수록 관리의 총점이 높아졌다 (r = 0.137, p < 0.01). 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 살펴볼 때 지식수준이 낮거나, 자녀가 만 4세 이상, 자가진단을 하는 양육자의 경우 식품알레르기 관리율이 낮았다. 따라서 해당 양육자의 지식수준을 높일 수 있는 '유발식품제한', '식품알레르기 유발표시 확인', '식재료 및 조리기기 분리사용' 하는 방법 등 맞춤 교육이 필요하다고 사료된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Purpose: This study investigates the necessary educational materials from the perspective of caregivers managing food allergies of preschoolers. Methods: An online survey enrolled 400 caregivers of preschoolers with food allergies. The study was conducted in July 2022, and data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Results: The caregivers of preschoolers with food allergies showed low food allergy knowledge. The highest percentage of incorrect answers were for items related to the cause (74.2%) and response (65.2%) to food allergies. Moreover, categorizing the levels of knowledge as high, medium, and low, we found that caregivers with younger children exhibited a better understanding of food allergies. Approximately 56.9% of subjects in the high class were caregivers with preschoolers under three years, whereas caregivers with preschoolers over four years comprised 43.2% of the high-class subjects. Regarding food allergy treatment, four questions measured how well the caregivers tended to the children. With higher levels of knowledge, caregivers were more likely to read nutrient information and check for food allergens. The caregivers of preschoolers who were clinically diagnosed with food allergies demonstrated a higher percentage of using separate ingredients and cooking utensils. Conclusion: This study shows how the caregivers' knowledge levels are critical in managing and treating food allergies among preschoolers. With caregivers' lower knowledge of food allergies and preschoolers younger than four years, self-diagnosis of food allergies and existing food allergies were not managed efficiently. Hence, customized education for caregivers is essential to improve their knowledge level regarding limiting foods that may cause allergies, reading food labels, and using ingredients and cooking utensils separately.

주제어

표/그림 (9)

표 Table 1. Age of frst symptom onset and symptom relief of food allergy in preschool children experiencing a food allergy (n = 400)
표 Table 2. Current status of foods that induce frst symptoms of food allergy by the age of onset
표 Table 3. Caregivers' average scores and percentage of correct answer by food allergy knowledge domain (n = 400)
표 Table 4. Overall food allergy knowledge by general matters of caregivers (n = 400)
표 Table 5. Food allergy management by caregivers (n = 400)
표 Table 6. Caregivers' views on the importance of managing food allergies (n = 400)
표 Table 7. Importance of food allergy-related information labeling as considered by caregivers (n = 400)
표 Table 8. Correlations between food allergy knowledge and food allergy management and caregivers' beliefs about the importance of food allergy management and related information labeling
표 Table 9. Caregivers' views on food allergy labeling and demand for food allergy education according to level of knowledge of food allergies (n = 400)

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