[논문]서식지 적합성 지수를 이용한 청계천 수달의 서식지 평가

김인유; 최광훈; 고동욱

doi:10.13047/kjee.2023.37.2.140

서식지 적합성 지수를 이용한 청계천 수달의 서식지 평가
Assessing the Habitat Potential of Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) in Cheonggye Stream Utilizing the Habitat Suitability Index 원문보기

한국환경생태학회지 = Korean journal of environment and ecology, v.37 no.2, 2023년, pp.140 - 150

김인유 (국민대학교 산림자원학과) , 최광훈 (한국환경연구원 환경데이터전략센터) , 고동욱 (국민대학교 산림환경시스템학과)

초록
AI-Helper

수달(Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra)은 식육목 족제비과에 속하는 동물이다. 수달은 수계환경 먹이그물의 최상위에 존재하는 포식자로 핵심종(keystone species)이자 건강한 수계환경을 대변하는 지표종(Indicator species)이다. 현대에 이르면서 남획과 서식지 파괴, 환경 오염 등에 의하여 한강 도심 수계에서 사라졌지만, 2016년 다시 발견된 이후 2021년 1월에도 한강의 지류인 청계천, 중랑천과 성내천에서 서식함을 확인하였다. 수달의 서식지 보호와 관리 방안 수립을 위하여 잠재 서식지 평가가 시급하나, 기존의 수달 서식지 관련 연구는 자연형 하천과 저수지 위주로 이루어져 한강 도심 지류와 같이 좁은 공간에 인위적으로 한정된 서식지에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 인공하천인 청계천이 수달의 잠재 서식지로 적합한지를 서식지 적합성 지수(Habitat Suitability Index, HSI)를 활용하여 평가하였다. 서식지 적합성 지수는 수달의 서식 환경을 나타내는 지표, 먹이자원, 위협 요소 환경 특성을 종합하여 추정하였다. 그 결과 성북천과 청계천의 합류 지점과 청계천과 중랑천의 합류 지점이 적합한 서식지로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 추정한 HSI는 도심 하천의 수달 서식지 평가가 가능하였으며, 따라서 청계천을 포함한 한강 도심 지류에서의 효과적인 수달 모니터링과 수달 인공 서식지 장소 선정을 위한 기반 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is an apex predator of the riparian ecosystem. It is a keystone and an indicator species; consequently, its presence suggests a sustainable water environment. Otter is a keystone species as a predator at the top of the food web in the aquatic environment and an indicator species representing the health of the aquatic environment. Although Eurasian otters disappeared from the Han River urban water system because of anthropogenic activities like habitat destruction, poaching, and environmental pollution in the 1980s, the species were sighted in the Cheonggye Stream, Jungrang Stream, and Seongnae Stream, which are urban sections of the Han River, in 2016 and 2021. Therefore, it is pertinent to assess the habitat potential in the area for conservation and management measures to ensure its permanent presence. However, existing studies on otter habitats focused on natural rivers and reservoirs, and there is a limit to applying them to habitats artificially confined habitats in narrow spaces such as tributaries in urban areas of the Han River. This study selected the Cheonggye Stream, an artificially restored urban stream, to evaluate its potential as a habitat for Eurasian otters in urban water environments using the habitat suitability index (HSI). The HSI was calculated with selected environment attributes, such as the cover, food, and threat, that best describe the L. lutra habitat. According to the results, the confluence area of Seongbuk Stream and Cheonggye Stream and the confluence area of Cheonggye Stream and Jungnang Stream were suitable otter habitats, requiring appropriate conservation efforts. The HSI model suggests a valuable method to assess the habitat quality of Eurasian otters in urban water environments. The study is crucial as it can help rehabilitate the species' populations by identifying and managing potential Eurasian otter habitats in highly urbanized areas of the Han River basin and its tributaries.

주제어

표/그림 (7)

그림 Figure 1. Location of the study site, Republic of Korea (A), Seoul (B), Cheonggye Stream (C).
표 Table 1. Suitability index variable and valuation criteria of L. lutra in Cheonggye Stream
그림 Figure 2. Cheonggye Stream with six survey sites from 2015 Cheonggye Stream fish monitoring survey.
표 Table 2. Number of fish species and an individual from 2015 Cheonggye Stream fish monitoring survey
그림 Figure 3. Map of Cover (A), Food (B), and Threats (C) habitat attribute.
그림 Figure 4. Map of Eurasian otter HSI.
표 Table 3. Length and percentage of HSI and suitability index value

참고문헌 (45)

Brooks, R.P.(1997) Improving habitat suitability index models.？International Issues and Perspectives in Wildlife Management？25(1): 163-167.
Carss, D.N., D.A. Elston and H.S. Morley(1998) The effects of otter？( Lutra lutra ) activity on spraint production and composition:？Implications for models which estimate prey-size distribution.？Journal of Zoology 244(2): 295-302.

상세보기
Choi, J.W. and M.H. Yoon(2012) A study on food habits of the otter,？Lutra lutra, and effects of construction of the Busan new port？on its prey. Journal of Life Science 22(6): 736-743.
Dettori, E.E., A. Balestrieri, V.M. Zapata-Perez, D. Bruno, N.？Rubio-Saura and F. Robledano-Aymerich(2021) Distribution？and diet of recovering Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) along the？natural-to-urban habitat gradient (river Segura, SE Spain).？Urban Ecosystems 24(6): 1221-1230.

상세보기
Draugelis-Dale, R.O.(2007) Assessment of effectiveness and？limitations of habitat suitability models for wetland restoration.？U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1254, 136pp.
Durbin, L.S.(1998) Habitat selection by five otters Lutra lutra in？rivers of Northern Scotland . Journal of Zoology 245(1): 85-92.

상세보기
Elith, J. and J.R. Leathwick(2009) Species distribution models:？Ecological explanation and prediction across space and time.？Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 40:？677-697.

상세보기
Forman, R.T.T.(ㄴ) Urban ecology. Cambridge University Press.？
Foster-Turley, P., S. Macdonald and C. Mason(1990) Action plan for Asian otters. Otters: An action plan for their conservation. IUCN.
Foster-Turley, P., S.M. Macdonald and C.F. Mason(1990) Otters:？An action plan for their conservation. IUCN: International？Union for Conservation of Nature, Illinois, 126pp.
George, S.L. and K.R. Crooks(2006) Recreation and large mammal？activity in an urban nature reserve. Biological Conservation？133(1): 107-117.

상세보기
Ha, J.W., K.H. Ahn, Y.S. Bae, H.H. Kim, H.Y. Shin and S.K.？Song(2020) The analysis of habitat using character of otter at a？Yeongsan River watershed otters habitat usage at a Yeongsan？River watershed. The Journal of Korean Island 32(4): 253-267.
Han, S.Y.(2004) Ecology of Korean Otter and current status of？management system. In Proceedings of the Korean Society of？Environment and Ecology Conference, Korean Society of？Environment and Ecology, pp.3-12.
Hangang Social Cooperative(2021) Discovery of otters in the？tributary of Han River press conference. (in Korean)
Jo, Y.S., C.M. Won, S.R. Fritts, M.C. Wallace and J.T. Baccus？(2017) Distribution and habitat models of the Eurasian otter,？Lutra lutra, in South Korea. Journal of Mammalogy 98(4):？1105-1117.

상세보기
Jo, Y.S., M.C. Won and J.P. Kim(2006) Distribution of Eurasian？Otter Lutra lutra in Korea. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 24(1):？89-94.
Jung, J.H., Y. Shimizu, K. Omasa, S.S. Kim and S.D. Lee(2016)？Developing and testing a habitat suitability index model for？Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and its？potential for landscape management decisions in Korea.？Animal Cells and Systems 20(4): 218-227.

원문보기 상세보기
Khoo, M.D.Y. and B.P.Y.H. Lee(2020) The urban smooth-coated？otters Lutrogale perspicillata of Singapore: A review of the？reasons for success. International Zoo Yearbook 54(1): 60-71.

상세보기
Kim, H.G. and Y.W. Mo(2021) Potential habitat area based on？natural environment survey time series data for conservation of？otter (Lutra lutra). Korean J. Environ. Ecol. 35(1): 24-36.
Kim, H.J. and B.K. Shin(2014) A study on the ecological？improvement plan of the Cheonggye Stream, Seoul, Korea.？Proc. Korean Soc. Environ. Ecol. Con. 24(1): 47-48.
Kruuk, H.(2006) Otters ecology, behaviour and conservation.？Oxford University Press.
Kruuk, H., D.N. Carss, J.W.H. Conroy and M.J. Gaywood(1998)？Habitat use and conservation of otters (Lutra lutra) in Britain:？A review. Behaviour and Ecology of Riparian Mammals,？pp.119-134.
Kruuk, H., J.W.H. Conroy and A. Moorhouse(1991) Recruitment to？a population of otters (Lutra lutra) in Shetland, in relation to？fish abundance. Journal of Applied Ecology 28(1): 95-101.

상세보기
Lee, H.K. and S.H. Ahn(2020) Application and improvement plan？of the comprehensive assessment for river environments-Focusing on tributary streams of the Han River in Seoul-. J.？Environ. Impact Assess 29(6): 441-452.
Liles, G.(2003) Otter breeding sites conservation and management.？Conserving Natura 2000 Rivers Conservation Techniques？Series.
Loukmas, J.J. and R.S. Halbrook(2001) A test of the mink habitat？suitability index model for riverine systems. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29(3): 821-826.

상세보기
Mahon, A.M., R. Officer, R. Nash and I. O'Connor(2017) Scope,？fate, risks and impacts of microplastic pollution in irish？freshwater systems. EPA Final Report.
Melissen, A.(2000) Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra husbandry Otter.？Otterpark AQUALUTRA.
Merow, C., M.J. Smith and J.A. Silander(2013) A practical guide to？MaxEnt for modeling species' distributions: What it does, and？why inputs and settings matter. Ecography 36(10): 1058-1069.

상세보기
Miller, S.G., R.L. Knight and C.K. Miller(2001) Wildlife responses？to pedestrians and dogs. Wildlife Society Bulletin 29(1):？124-132.

상세보기
Ministry of Environment(2016) Han river biota survey and otter？restoration feasibility study. Han River Basin Environmental？Office. (in Korean)
Morrison, M.L., B.G. Marcot and R.W. Mannan(2006) Wildlife-habitat relationships: concepts and applications. NCASI？Technical Bulletin, ISLAND PRESS.
National Institute of Ecology(2019) Yeongyanggun rivers otter？ecological survey. (in Korean)
National Institute of Fisheries Science(2015) Cheonggye Stream？fish monitoring survey. Seoul Facilities Corporation. (in？Korean)
River Culture Research Society(2020) A study on the development？of river protection culture through otter protection policy.
Roos, A., A. Loy, P. De Silva, P. Hajkova and B. Zemanova(2015)？Lutra lutra. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015.？2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and？Natural Resources Reproduction.
Shim, Y.J., S.R. Kim, K.B. Yoon, J.W. Jung, S.U. Park and Y.S.？Park(2020) Evaluation of alternative habitats using habitat？suitability index model of Lutra lutra in Banbyeoncheon？Stream. J. Korean Env. Res. Tech. 23(1): 63-76.
Shin, H.Y., G.H. Shin, H.H. Kim, D.S. Kim, S.Y. Han, P.H. Rho and？J.W. Lee(2020) Identifying the riparian type affecting habitat？selection of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) (Carnivora: Mustelidae)？in Daecheong Dam reservoir area. Journal of Asia-Pacific？Biodiversity 13(2): 134-140.

상세보기
Shin, H.Y., G.H. Shin, S.Y. Han and J.W. Lee(2020) Habitat？suitability assessment of the Saemangeum lake area for？Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) and correlation analysis with？spatial variables. Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment？29(4): 298-306.
Smiroldo, G., A. Balestrieri, E. Pini and P. Tremolada(2019)？Anthropogenically altered trophic webs: Alien catfish and？microplastics in the diet of Eurasian otters. Mammal Research？64(2): 165-174.

상세보기
The Seoul Institute(2014) Historical and natural ecology restoration？of Cheonggyecheon. (in Korean)
US Fish and Wildlife Service(1980) Habitat Evaluation？Procedures(HEP). Division of Ecological Services, Department？of the Interior Washington, D.C.
Van Horne, B. and J.A. Wiens(1991) Forest bird habitat suitability？models and the development of general habitat models. US？Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service,？Washington, D.C., 4pp.
Wayre, P.(1979) The private life of the otter. Batsford, London, UK.
White, S., D. O'Neill, D.B. O'Meara, C. Shores, C. O'Reilly, A.P.？Harrington, G. Weyman and D.P. Sleeman(2013) A non-invasive？genetic survey of otters (Lutra lutra) in an urban environment: A？pilot study with citizen scientists. IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist？Group Bulletin 30(2): 103-111.

표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

연합인증