[논문]청정 수소 저장을 위한 고효율, 저탄소 배출 암모니아 합성기술 동향

정원준; 김진태; 조강희

doi:10.7464/ksct.2024.30.2.71

청정 수소 저장을 위한 고효율, 저탄소 배출 암모니아 합성기술 동향
Advancements in High-Efficiency Ammonia Synthesis Technology: A Key Solution for Green Hydrogen Storage in the Carbon-Neutral Era

청정기술 = Clean technology, v.30 no.2, 2024년, pp.71 - 93

정원준 (인하대학교 화학공학과) , 김진태 (인하대학교 화학공학과) , 조강희 (인하대학교 화학공학과)

초록
AI-Helper

최근, 무탄소 에너지원(특히, 선박 및 혼소 발전), 고효율 청정 수소 저장 및 매개체로써 암모니아가 다시 각광받고 있다. 암모니아는 화학공학에서 매우 중요한 공정 중 하나인 Haber-Bosch 공정을 통해 합성할 수 있지만, 이 공정은 에너지 소비량이 높고 탄소 배출량 역시 높아, 기존 공정을 통해 암모니아를 합성할 시 탄소 저감 효과가 미미하다. 이러한 기존 공정의 치명적인 단점을 해결하기 위해 최근, 높은 에너지 효율로 탄소 배출이 적게 암모니아를 합성할 수 있는 열화학적 합성 방법이 많이 개발되고 있다. 소재측면에서는 기존 공정보다 완화된 공정 조건에서도 충분히 높은 암모니아 합성 성능을 보일 수 있는 고성능 촉매 소재를 개발하는 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 공정측면에서는 매체 순환식(chemical-looping) 합성 방법, 플라즈마 합성방법, 기계화학적 합성 방식 등 다양하게 적용되고 있다. 이번 총설에서는 최근 청정수소 저장을 효과적으로 저장하기 위해 어떤 암모니아 합성 기술들이 개발되고 있는지 자세히 소개하고자 한다.

Abstract ▼ AI-Helper

Recently, the establishment of a hydrogen-based economy and the utilization of low-carbon energy sources, particularly for shipping and power generation, have been in high demand in order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. In particular, ammonia is gaining renewed attention because it is capable of serving as a key facilitator for high-efficiency green hydrogen storage and transportation and it is also capable of serving as a low-carbon energy source. Although ammonia can be synthesized through the Haber-Bosch process, the high energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with this process result in minimal carbon reduction. To address the critical drawbacks of the traditional Haber-Bosch process, various thermochemical synthesis methods have been developed recently, allowing for the synthesis of ammonia with lower carbon emissions and a higher energy efficiency. Research is also progressing in the development of high-performance catalyst materials that are capable of demonstrating sufficient ammonia synthesis performance under milder process conditions compared to conventional methods. Additionally, a variety of different processes such as chemical-looping ammonia synthesis, plasma synthesis, and mechanochemical synthesis are being applied diversely. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the emerging ammonia synthesis technologies that have been developed to effectively store green hydrogen for future applications.

주제어

표/그림 (15)

그림 Figure 1. Overall diagram of conventional Haber-Bosch process.
그림 Figure 2. Techno-economic and environmental analyses of Haber-Bosch process [9].
그림 Figure 3. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of ammonia synthesis reaction.
그림 Figure 4. Conceptual diagram of general ammonia-synthesis catalyst.
그림 Figure 5. Perspective side views of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) crystal structure [22]. Copyright 2021 Wiley.
그림 Figure 6. Schematic representations of the five iron single crystal surfaces [30].
그림 Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the proposed reaction mechanism on Ru/CaFH catalysts [18]. Copyright 2020 Springer Nature.
그림 Figure 8. Proposed reaction pathway for ammonia synthesis on Co/ CeO₂ [60]. Copyright 2014 RSC.
그림 Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the chemical-looping ammonia synthesis process.
그림 Figure 10. Graphical overview of strategies to improve HaberBosch ammonia synthesis [22]. Copyright 2021 Wiley
그림 Figure 11. Calculated turnover frequencies for ammonia synthesis as a function of nitrogen adsorption energy (400 ℃, 50 bar) [65]. Copyright 2013 World scientific publishing co.
표 Table 1. Catalytic ammonia synthesis activities of molybdenum nitride and ternary nitrides [80]
그림 Figure 12. (a) Schematic of the expanding cascade arc plasma source [98] (reprinted with permission from IOP Publishing). (b) Photograph of the discharge in the active plasma region and the remote processing chamber [99] (reprinted with permission from IEEE).
그림 Figure 13. Influence of input power on (a) produced ammonia concentration on zeolite, (b) intensities of the band head of NH (A3 𝚷 - X3 Σ-) (△) and the hydrogen atomic line (H_β) (▲), (c) intensities of the peaks due to NH₃⁺ (▽) and H₂⁺ (▼), and (d) the electron energy kTe (reprinted with permission from Springer) [102].
그림 Figure 14. Schematic illustration of the ammonia synthesis process [120]. Copyright 2018 Springer Nature.

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표제어: PCR

동의어: Packet Collision Rate

용어 설명 출처 목록 (6)

용어 설명: PCR은 세균 특이성이 있는 primer를 이용하여 적은 수의 세균이 있을지라도 쉽게 검출할 수 있는 유용한 방법이며, 이를 이용하여 구강 내 치면세균막이나 타액에서 직접 세균을 검출할 수 있게 되었다[8].

내보내기 구분	파일저장 인쇄 메일전송
구성항목	기본정보 상세정보 관리번호, 논문명, 저널/프로시딩명, 저자 , 발행년, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, 발행기관 관리번호, 논문명, 대등논문명, 저자 , 저널/프로시딩명, 발행기관, 발행년, 발행언어, 권, 호, 시작페이지, 끝페이지, ISBN, ISSN, 주제분야, 키워드, 초록(한글), 초록(영문), 저자(소속기관)
저장형식	Text(ASCII format) Excel format RefWorks Direct Export RIS format (for Reference Manager, ProCite, EndNote), Scholar's Aids, Mendeley
메일정보	받는사람 (필수) @ 보내는사람 (선택) @ 제목 내용 KISTI 검색결과 이메일 서비스
안내	총 건의 자료가 검색되었습니다. 다운받으실 자료의 인덱스를 입력하세요. (1-10,000) 검색결과의 순서대로 최대 10,000건 까지 다운로드가 가능합니다. 데이타가 많을 경우 속도가 느려질 수 있습니다.(최대 2~3분 소요) 다운로드 파일은 UTF-8 형태로 저장됩니다. 파일의 내용이 제대로 보이지 않을실 때는 웹브라우저 상단의 보기 -> 인코딩 -> 자동선택 여부를 확인하십시오. ~ Text(ASCII format) Excel format

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