참고문헌 (38)

1. 1 ECHA : ANNEX XV RESTRICTION REPORT. Proposal for a restriction. Substance name(s): intentionally added microplastics. 22 August 2019. European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland; https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/05bd96e3-b969-0a7c-c6d0-441182893720 ECHA ANNEX XV RESTRICTION REPORT. Proposal for a restriction. Substance name(s): intentionally added microplastics 22 August 2019 European Chemicals Agency Helsinki, Finland https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/05bd96e3-b969-0a7c-c6d0-441182893720 

2. 2 EU Commission : Request to the European Chemicals Agency to prepare a restriction proposal conforming to the requirements of Annex XV to REACH. 2017; https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/microplastics_cion_reqst_axvdossier_en.pdf/5c8be037-3f81-266a-d71b-1a67ec01cbf9 EU Commission Request to the European Chemicals Agency to prepare a restriction proposal conforming to the requirements of Annex XV to REACH 2017 https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/microplastics_cion_reqst_axvdossier_en.pdf/5c8be037-3f81-266a-d71b-1a67ec01cbf9 

3. 3 ECHA RAC : Opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment and Opinion of the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis on an Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions of the manufacture, placing on the market or use of a substance within the EU. 11 June 2020. European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland; https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23665416/rest_microplastics_opinion_rac_16339_en.pdf/b4d383cd-24fc-82e9-cccf-6d9f66ee9089 ECHA RAC Opinion of the Committee for Risk Assessment and Opinion of the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis on an Annex XV dossier proposing restrictions of the manufacture, placing on the market or use of a substance within the EU 11 June 2020 European Chemicals Agency Helsinki, Finland https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/23665416/rest_microplastics_opinion_rac_16339_en.pdf/b4d383cd-24fc-82e9-cccf-6d9f66ee9089 

4. 4 Thompson, A .: From Fish to Humans, A Microplastic Invasion May Be Taking a Toll. www.scientificamerican.com September 4, 2018. Thompson A. From Fish to Humans, A Microplastic Invasion May Be Taking a Toll www.scientificamerican.com September 4 2018 

5. 5 GESAMP : Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment (Kershaw, P. J., ed.). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/ WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 90, 96 p, 2015. GESAMP Sources fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: a global assessment (Kershaw, P. J., ed.). (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/UNIDO/ WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP/UNDP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection). Rep. Stud. GESAMP No 90 96 p 2015 

6. 6 Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C . and Thiel, M .: Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6)(2012). pp 3060-3075;. PMid:22321064; DOI:10.1021/es2031505 Hidalgo-Ruz V. Gutow L. Thompson R. C. and Thiel M Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Review of the Methods Used for Identification and Quantification Environmental Science & Technology 46 6 2012 pp 3060 - 3075 PMid:22321064 10.1021/es2031505 

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7. 7 Vianello, A., Boldrin, A., Guerriero, P., Moschino, V., Rella, R., Sturaro, A . and Da Ros, L .: Microplastic particles in sediments of Lagoon of Venice, Italy: First observations on occurrence, spatial patterns and identification. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 130 (2013) 54-61. DOI:10.1016/j.ecss.2013.03.022 Vianello A. Boldrin A. Guerriero P. Moschino V. Rella R. Sturaro A. and Da Ros L. Microplastic particles in sediments of Lagoon of Venice Italy: First observations on occurrence, spatial patterns and identification. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 130 2013 54 61 10.1016/j.ecss.2013.03.022 

8. 8 Claessens, M., De Meester, S., Van Landuyt, L., De Clerck, K . and Janssen, C. R .: Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(10) (2011). pp 2199-2204. PMid:21802098; DOI:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030 Claessens M. De Meester S. Van Landuyt L. De Clerck K. and Janssen C. R Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast Marine Pollution Bulletin 62 10 2011 pp 2199 2204 PMid:21802098; 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.06.030 

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9. 9 ASTM : Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets, ASTM F3159-15e1, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org ASTM Standard Safety Specification for Liquid Laundry Packets ASTM F3159-15e1, ASTM International West Conshohocken, PA 2015 www.astm.org 

10. 10 Finch, C. A . (Ed.): Polyvinyl alcohol, properties and applications. Wiley, New York, 1973. 622 pp. DOI:10.1002/pol.1974.130120212 Finch C. A (Ed.) Polyvinyl alcohol, properties and applications Wiley, New York 1973 622 pp. 10.1002/pol.1974.130120212 

11. 11 Grand View Research : Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By End Use (Paper, Food Packaging, Construction, Electronics), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2019-2025. (2019) https://www.grand-viewresearch.com/industry-analysis/polyvinyl-alcohol-market Grand View Research Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By End Use (Paper, Food Packaging, Construction, Electronics), By Region, And Segment Forecasts 2019 - 2025 2019 https://www.grand-viewresearch.com/industry-analysis/polyvinyl-alcohol-market 

12. 12 Thong, C. C., Teo, D. C. L . and Ng, C. K .: Application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in cement-based composite materials: A review of its engineering properties and microstructure behavior. Construction and Building Materials 107 (2016), 172-180. 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.188 Thong C. C. Teo D. C. L. and Ng C. K. Application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in cement-based composite materials: A review of its engineering properties and microstructure behavior Construction and Building Materials 107 2016 172 180 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.188 

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13. 13 Muppalaneni, S . and Omidian, H .: Polyvinyl Alcohol in Medicine and Pharmacy: A Perspective. J Develop Drugs 2 (2013) 112. DOI:10.4172/2329-6631.1000112 Muppalaneni S. and Omidian H Polyvinyl Alcohol in Medicine and Pharmacy: A Perspective J Develop Drugs 2 2013 112 10.4172/2329-6631.1000112 

14. 14 Gaaz, T. S., Sulong, A. B., Akhtar, M. N., Kadhum, A. A. H., Mohamad, A.B . and Al-Amiery A.A .: Properties and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol, Halloysite Nanotubes and their nanocomposites. Molecules 20 (2015), 22833-22847. PMid:26703542; DOI:10.3390/molecules201219884 Gaaz T. S. Sulong A. B. Akhtar M. N. Kadhum A. A. H. Mohamad A.B. and Al-Amiery A.A Properties and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol Halloysite Nanotubes and their nanocomposites. Molecules 20 2015 22833 22847 PMid:26703542; 10.3390/molecules201219884 

15. 15 American Carp Society : The use of PVA in carp angling (2019). https://americancarpsociety.com/pva-bags American Carp Society The use of PVA in carp angling 2019 https://americancarpsociety.com/pva-bags 

16. 16 Monosol : Water soluble film, packets employing the film, and methods of making and using same. World Intellectual Property Organisation, publication nr WO 2016/160116 A1 (2016). Monosol Water soluble film, packets employing the film, and methods of making and using same World Intellectual Property Organisation publication nr WO 2016/160116 A1 2016 

17. 17 Amann, M . and Minge, O .: Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl acetate) and Related Polymers. Advances in Polymer Science 245 (2012) 137-172. DOI:10.1007/12_2011_153 Amann M. and Minge O Biodegradability of Poly(vinyl acetate) and Related Polymers Advances in Polymer Science 245 2012 137 172 10.1007/12_2011_153 

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18. 18 Julinova, M., Vaharova, L . and Jurc?a, M .: Water-soluble polymeric xenobiotics - Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidon - And potential solutions to environmental issues: A brief review. Journal of Environmental Management 228 (2018) 213-222. PMid:30223180; DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.010 Julinova M. Vaharova L. and Jurc?a M. Water-soluble polymeric xenobiotics - Polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidon - And potential solutions to environmental issues: A brief review Journal of Environmental Management 228 2018 213 222 PMid:30223180; 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.010 

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19. 19 Chiellini, E., Corti, A., D’Antone, S . and Solaro, R .: Biodegradation of poly (vinyl alcohol) based materials. Progress in Polymer Science 28(6) (2003), 963-1014. DOI:10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00149-1 Chiellini E. Corti A. D’Antone S. and Solaro R Biodegradation of poly (vinyl alcohol) based materials Progress in Polymer Science 28 6 2003 963 - 1014 10.1016/S0079-6700(02)00149-1 

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20. 20 Kawai, F . and Hu, X .: Biochemistry of microbial polyvinyl alcohol degradation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 84(2) (2009), 227-237. PMid:19590867; DOI:10.1007/s00253-009-2113-6 Kawai F. and Hu X. Biochemistry of microbial polyvinyl alcohol degradation Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 84 2 2009 227 237 PMid:19590867; 10.1007/s00253-009-2113-6 

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21. 21 Solaro, R., Corti, A . and Chiellini, E .: Biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with different molecular weights and degree of hydrolysis. Polym Adv Technol 11 (2000):873-878. DOI:10.1002/1099-1581(200008/12)11:8/12<873::AID-PAT35>3.0.CO;2-V Solaro R. Corti A. and Chiellini E Biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) with different molecular weights and degree of hydrolysis Polym Adv Technol 11 2000 873 878 10.1002/1099-1581(200008/12)11:8/12<873::AID-PAT35>3.0.CO;2-V 

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22. 22 Yamatsu, A., Matsumi, R., Atomi, H . and Imanaka, T .: Isolation and characterization of a novel poly(vinylalcohol)-degrading bacterium, Sphingopyxis sp. PVA3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72 (2006), 804-81. PMid:16583228; DOI:10.1007/s00253-006-0351-4 Yamatsu A. Matsumi R. Atomi H. and Imanaka T Isolation and characterization of a novel poly(vinylalcohol)-degrading bacterium Sphingopyxis sp. PVA3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72 2006 804 81 PMid:16583228 10.1007/s00253-006-0351-4 

23. 23 Wilkes, R. A . and Aristilde, L .: Degradation and Metabolism of Synthetic Plastics and Associated Products by Pseudomonas spp.: Capabilities and Challenges. Journal of Applied Microbiology 123(3) (2017), 582-593. PMid:28419654; DOI:10.1111/jam.13472 Wilkes R. A. and Aristilde L Degradation and Metabolism of Synthetic Plastics and Associated Products by Pseudomonas spp.: Capabilities and Challenges Journal of Applied Microbiology 123 3 2017 582 593 PMid:28419654; 10.1111/jam.13472 

24. 24 Chiellini, E., Corti, A., Del Sarto, G . and D’Antone, S .: Oxo-biodegradable polymers - effect of hydrolysis degree on biodegradation behaviour of poly(vinyl alcohol). Polym. Degrad. Stab. 91 (2006), 3397-3406. DOI:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.05.021 Chiellini E. Corti A. Del Sarto G. and D’Antone S Oxo-biodegradable polymers - effect of hydrolysis degree on biodegradation behaviour of poly(vinyl alcohol) Polym. Degrad. Stab 91 2006 3397 3406 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2006.05.021 

25. 25 Hatanaka, T., Asahi, N . and Tsuji, M .: Purification and characterization of a poly(vinyl alcohol) dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. 113P3. Biosci. Bio-technol. Biochem. 59 (1995), 1813-1816. DOI:10.1271/bbb.59.1813 Hatanaka T. Asahi N. and Tsuji M Purification and characterization of a poly(vinyl alcohol) dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp 113P3. Biosci. Bio-technol. Biochem 59 1995 1813 1816 10.1271/bbb.59.1813 

26. 26 Chiellini, E., Corti, A . and Solaro, R .: Biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) based blown films under different environmental conditions. Polymer Degradation and Stability 64(2) (1999), 305-312. DOI:10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00206-7 Chiellini E. Corti A. and Solaro R Biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) based blown films under different environmental conditions Polymer Degradation and Stability 64 2 1999 305 312 10.1016/S0141-3910(98)00206-7 

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27. 27 Pajak, J., Ziemski, M . and Nowak, B .: Poly(vinyl alcohol) - biodegradable vinyl material. Chemik 64 (2010), 523-530. Pajak J. Ziemski M. and Nowak B Poly(vinyl alcohol) - biodegradable vinyl material Chemik 64 2010 523 530 

28. 28 OECD : Guideline for testing of chemicals 302B. Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test. July 1992. DOI:10.1787/9789264070387-en OECD Guideline for testing of chemicals 302B. Zahn-Wellens/EMPA Test July 1992 10.1787/9789264070387-en 

29. 29 Matsumura, S., Kurita, H . and Shimokobe, H .: Anaerobic biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol. Biotechnol. Lett. 15(7) (1993), 749-754. DOI:10.1007/BF01080150 Matsumura S. Kurita H. and Shimokobe H Anaerobic biodegradability of polyvinyl alcohol Biotechnol. Lett 15 7 1993 749 754 10.1007/BF01080150 

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30. 30 Maru？incova, H., Husarova, L., R?ika, J., Ingr, M., Navratil, V., Bukova, L . and Koutny, M .: Polyvinyl alcohol biodegradation under denitrifying conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 84(2013), 21-28. DOI:10.1007/BF01080150 Maru？incova H. Husarova L. R?ika J. Ingr M. Navratil V. Bukova L. and Koutny M. Polyvinyl alcohol biodegradation under denitrifying conditions International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 84 2013 21 28 10.1007/BF01080150 

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31. 31 Chiellini, E., Corti, A., Politi, B . and Solaro, R .: Adsorption/Desorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol on Solid Substrates and Relevant Biodegradation. Journal of Polymers and the Environment (2000) 8 , 67-79. DOI:10.1023/A:1011569920349 Chiellini E. Corti A. Politi B. and Solaro R Adsorption/Desorption of Polyvinyl Alcohol on Solid Substrates and Relevant Biodegradation Journal of Polymers and the Environment 2000 67 - 79 10.1023/A:1011569920349 

32. 32 US EPA : Estimation Programs Interface Suite TM for Microsoft ® Windows, v 4.11, 2012. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. US EPA Estimation Programs Interface Suite TM for Microsoft ® Windows v 4.11 2012 United States Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC, USA 

33. 33 Meier, F., Stelter, N., Lee, D. M., Zeese, N. J . and Tolls, J .: Raw material supplier and detergent manufacturer cooperate in environmental safety assessment of a new detergent raw material - a case study. SOFW Journal 139(3) (2013), 58-62. Meier F. Stelter N. Lee D. M. Zeese N. J. and Tolls J Raw material supplier and detergent manufacturer cooperate in environmental safety assessment of a new detergent raw material - a case study SOFW Journal 139 3 2013 58 62 

34. 34 ECHA : Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria. Guidance to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging (CLP) of substances and mixtures. Version 5.0 July 2017. European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland. DOI:10.2823/124801 ECHA Guidance on the Application of the CLP Criteria. Guidance to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging (CLP) of substances and mixtures Version 5.0 July 2017. European Chemicals Agency Helsinki, Finland 10.2823/124801 

35. 35 ECHA : Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter r.7b: Endpoint specific guidance. Version 4.0 June 2017. European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland; https://doi.org/10.2823/84188 ECHA Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter r.7b: Endpoint specific guidance Version 4.0 June 2017 European Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland https://doi.org/10.2823/84188 

36. 36 Reuschenbach, P., Pagga, U . and Strotmann, U .: A critical comparison of respirometric biodegradation tests based on OECD 301 and related test methods. Water Res. 37(2003), 1571-1582. DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00528-6 Reuschenbach P. Pagga U. and Strotmann U A critical comparison of respirometric biodegradation tests based on OECD 301 and related test methods Water Res 37 2003 1571 1582 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00528-6 

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37. 37 Larson, R. J., Hansmann, M. A . and Bookland, E. A .: Carbon oxide recovery in ready biodegradation tests: mass transfer and kinetic consideration. Chemosphere 33(1996), 1195-1210. DOI:10.1016/0045-6535(96)00253-6 Larson R. J. Hansmann M. A. and Bookland E. A Carbon oxide recovery in ready biodegradation tests: mass transfer and kinetic consideration Chemosphere 33 1996 1195 1210 10.1016/0045-6535(96)00253-6 

38. 38 CSTEE : Proposed \ready biodegradability" approach to update detergents legislation. E. A. T. E. C. Scientific Committee On Toxicity, 1999. CSTEE Proposed \ready biodegradability" approach to update detergents legislation. E. A. T. E. C. Scientific Committee On Toxicity 1999