$\require{mediawiki-texvc}$

연합인증

연합인증 가입 기관의 연구자들은 소속기관의 인증정보(ID와 암호)를 이용해 다른 대학, 연구기관, 서비스 공급자의 다양한 온라인 자원과 연구 데이터를 이용할 수 있습니다.

이는 여행자가 자국에서 발행 받은 여권으로 세계 각국을 자유롭게 여행할 수 있는 것과 같습니다.

연합인증으로 이용이 가능한 서비스는 NTIS, DataON, Edison, Kafe, Webinar 등이 있습니다.

한번의 인증절차만으로 연합인증 가입 서비스에 추가 로그인 없이 이용이 가능합니다.

다만, 연합인증을 위해서는 최초 1회만 인증 절차가 필요합니다. (회원이 아닐 경우 회원 가입이 필요합니다.)

연합인증 절차는 다음과 같습니다.

최초이용시에는
ScienceON에 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 로그인 (본인 확인 또는 회원가입) → 서비스 이용

그 이후에는
ScienceON 로그인 → 연합인증 서비스 접속 → 서비스 이용

연합인증을 활용하시면 KISTI가 제공하는 다양한 서비스를 편리하게 이용하실 수 있습니다.

Scientific bases and clinical utilisation of the calf-raise test 원문보기

Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine, v.10 no.4, 2009년, pp.142 - 149  

Hébert-Losier, Kim (Centre for Physiotherapy Research University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand) ,  Schneiders, Anthony G. (Centre for Physiotherapy Research University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand) ,  Newsham-West, Richard J. (Centre for Physiotherapy Research University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand) ,  Sullivan, S. John (Centre for Physiotherapy Research University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand)

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

AbstractBackgroundAthletes commonly sustain injuries to the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit. The calf-raise test (CRT) is frequently employed in sports medicine for the detection and monitoring of such injuries. However, despite being widely-used, a recent systematic review found no universal conse...

주제어

참고문헌 (141)

  1. Sports Medicine Adirim 33 1 75 2003 10.2165/00007256-200333010-00006 Overview of injuries in the young athlete 

  2. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Akima 35 4 655 2003 10.1249/01.MSS.0000058367.66796.35 Resistance training during unweighting maintains muscle size and function in human calf 

  3. Journal of Biomechanics Albracht 41 2211 2008 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.020 Assessment of muscle volume and physiological cross-sectional area of the human triceps surae muscle in vivo 

  4. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology Alexander 133 4 1001 2002 10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00143-5 Tendon elasticity and muscle function 

  5. Journal of Biomechanics Anderson 26 12 1413 1993 10.1016/0021-9290(93)90092-S Storage and utilization of elastic strain energy during jumping 

  6. Journal of Experimental Biology Arampatzis 209 17 3345 2006 10.1242/jeb.02340 Influence of the muscle-tendon unit's mechanical and morphological properties on running economy 

  7. Journal of Biomechanics Arampatzis 40 9 1946 2007 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.09.005 Mechanical properties of the triceps surae tendon and aponeurosis in relation to intensity of sport activity 

  8. Journal of Biomechanics Arampatzis 39 10 1891 2006 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.05.010 Effect of different ankle- and knee-joint positions on gastrocnemius medialis fascicle length and EMG activity during isometric plantar flexion 

  9. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Bamman 32 7 1307 2000 10.1097/00005768-200007000-00019 Evaluation of the strength-size relationship in vivo using various muscle size indices 

  10. Basmajian 1985 Muscles alive: Their function revealed by electromyography 

  11. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Beasley 42 398 1961 Quantitative muscle testing: principles and applications to research and clinical services 

  12. Journal of Anatomy Benjamin 212 3 211 2008 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00864.x Structure-function relationships in tendons: a review 

  13. Histology and Histopathology Benjamin 12 4 1135 1997 Tendons and ligaments: an overview 

  14. Journal of Anatomy Benjamin 208 4 471 2006 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00540.x Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (‘entheses’) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load 

  15. Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery Blitz 46 2 101 2007 10.1053/j.jfas.2006.11.003 Anatomical aspects of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and its insertion: a cadaveric study 

  16. Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery Blitz 47 6 533 2008 10.1053/j.jfas.2008.08.006 Anatomical aspects of the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and its muscular bound portion: a cadaveric study-part II 

  17. Journal of Biomechanics Bobbert 19 11 887 1986 10.1016/0021-9290(86)90184-3 A model of the human triceps surae muscle-tendon complex applied to jumping 

  18. Journal of Applied Physiology Bojsen-Møller 97 5 1908 2004 10.1152/japplphysiol.00084.2004 Differential displacement of the human soleus and medial gastrocnemius aponeuroses during isometric plantar flexor contractions in vivo 

  19. Journal of Applied Physiology Bojsen-Moller 99 3 986 2005 10.1152/japplphysiol.01305.2004 Muscle performance during maximal isometric and dynamic contractions is influenced by the stiffness of the tendinous structures 

  20. Nature Bramble 432 7015 345 2004 10.1038/nature03052 Endurance running and the evolution of Homo 

  21. Brotzman 2007 Handbook of orthopaedic rehabilitation 

  22. Discover Chen 27 62 2006 Born to run 

  23. European Journal of Applied Physiology Chow 82 3 236 2000 10.1007/s004210050677 Sonographic studies of human soleus and gastrocnemius muscle architecture: gender variability 

  24. Clarkson 2000 Musculoskeletal assessment: Joint range of motion and manual muscle strength 

  25. Experimental Brain Research Cresswell 105 2 283 1995 10.1007/BF00240964 Influence of gastrocnemius muscle length on triceps surae torque development and electromyographic activity in man 

  26. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Czerniecki 67 6 246 1988 Foot and ankle biomechanics in walking and running. A review 

  27. Gait & Posture Davis 4 3 224 1996 10.1016/0966-6362(95)01045-9 Gait characterization via dynamic joint stiffness 

  28. DiGiovanni 2007 Foot and ankle: Core knowledge in orthopaedics 

  29. Clinical Biomechanics Don 22 2 211 2007 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.10.001 Relationship between recovery of calf-muscle biomechanical properties and gait pattern following surgery for achilles tendon rupture 

  30. BioMechanics Dunblin 5 2005 Athletes strain to avoid Achilles tendon problems 

  31. Dutton 2008 Orthopaedic examination, evaluation, and intervention 

  32. Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine Elliott 5 2 93 1997 10.1007/BF02592238 Volumetric measurement of human calf muscle from magnetic resonance imaging 

  33. Enoka 2002 Neuromechanics of human movement 

  34. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports Finni 16 3 147 2006 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00494.x Structural and functional features of human muscle-tendon unit 

  35. Fleck 1997 Designing resistance training programs 

  36. Physical Therapy Florence 72 2 115 1992 10.1093/ptj/72.2.115 Intrarater reliability of manual muscle test (Medical Research Council scale) grades in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy 

  37. Arthroscopy Fortis 24 6 683 2008 10.1016/j.arthro.2008.02.018 Repair of Achilles tendon rupture under endoscopic control 

  38. Journal of Biomechanics Friederich 23 1 91 1990 10.1016/0021-9290(90)90373-B Muscle fiber architecture in the human lower limb 

  39. Journal of Applied Biomechanics Fukashiro 22 2 131 2006 10.1123/jab.22.2.131 Biomechanical behavior of muscle-tendon complex during dynamic human movements 

  40. International Journal of Sport and Health Science Fukashiro 3 253 2005 10.5432/ijshs.3.253 Comparison of muscle-tendon interaction of human m. gastrocnemius between ankle- and drop-jumping 

  41. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Fukunaga 268 1464 229 2001 10.1098/rspb.2000.1361 In vivo behaviour of human muscle tendon during walking 

  42. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Fukunaga 10 6 926 1992 10.1002/jor.1100100623 Physiological cross-sectional area of human leg muscles based on magnetic resonance imaging 

  43. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Garrett 22 4 436 1990 10.1249/00005768-199008000-00003 Muscle strain injuries: clinical and basic aspects 

  44. Gray 1995 Gray's anatomy 

  45. Greene 2006 Netter's orthopaedics 

  46. Journal of Physiology Grey 581 1 99 2007 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.130088 Positive force feedback in human walking 

  47. British Journal of Sports Medicine Haber 38 2 163 2004 10.1136/bjsm.2002.002899 Reliability of a device measuring triceps surae muscle fatigability 

  48. Handcock 1994 Field testing manual 

  49. Journal of Applied Physiology Hansen 95 6 2375 2003 10.1152/japplphysiol.00503.2003 Effect of habitual running on human Achilles tendon load-deformation properties and cross-sectional area 

  50. Hansen 415 2000 Functional reconstruction of the foot and ankle Tendon transfers and muscle balancing techniques 

  51. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Hébert-Losier 2009 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.12.628 Raising the standards of the calf-raise test: a systematic review 

  52. Helewa 2000 Critical evaluation of research in physical rehabilitation: Towards evidence-based practice 

  53. Journal of Neurophysiology Henneman 28 3 560 1965 10.1152/jn.1965.28.3.560 Functional significance of cell size in spinal motorneurons 

  54. Gerontology Henwood 51 2 108 2005 10.1159/000082195 Improved physical performance in older adults undertaking a short-term programme of high-velocity resistance training 

  55. Higgins 2006 Essential sports medicine 

  56. Sports Medicine Hopkins 30 1 1 2000 10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001 Measures of reliability in sports medicine and acience 

  57. Journal of Applied Physiology Houmard 85 4 1337 1998 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.4.1337 Fiber type and citrate synthase activity in the human gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis with aging 

  58. Journal of Biomechanics Hreljac 28 6 669 1995 10.1016/0021-9290(94)00120-S Determinants of the gait transition speed during human locomotion: kinematic factors 

  59. Journal of Applied Physiology Ishikawa 99 2 603 2005 10.1152/japplphysiol.00189.2005 Muscle-tendon interaction and elastic energy usage in human walking 

  60. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Jacobs 25 10 1163 1993 10.1249/00005768-199310000-00013 Function of mono- and biarticular muscles in running 

  61. Journal of Biomechanics Jacobs 29 4 513 1996 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00067-4 Mechanical output from individual muscles during explosive leg extensions: the role of biarticular muscles 

  62. Journal of Biomechanics Jacobs 25 9 953 1992 10.1016/0021-9290(92)90031-U Intermuscular coordination in a sprint push-off 

  63. Jewell 2008 Guide to evidence-based physical therapy practice 

  64. Journal of the Neurological Sciences Johnson 18 1 111 1973 10.1016/0022-510X(73)90023-3 Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles: an autopsy study 

  65. Jozsa 46 1992 Human tendons anatomy physiology and pathology Structure and metabolism of normal tendons 

  66. American Journal of Sports Medicine Kaikkonen 22 4 462 1994 10.1177/036354659402200405 A performance test protocol and scoring scale for the evaluation of ankle injuries 

  67. Journal of Applied Physiology Kawakami 88 6 1969 2000 10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.1969 Fatigue responses of human triceps surae muscles during repetitive maximal isometric contractions 

  68. Journal of Applied Physiology Kawakami 85 2 398 1998 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.2.398 Architectural and functional features of human triceps surae muscles during contraction 

  69. European Journal of Applied Physiology Kawakami 87 4-5 381 2002 Effect of series elasticity on isokinetic torque-angle relationship in humans 

  70. Journal of Physiology Kawakami 540 2 635 2002 10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013459 In vivo muscle fibre behaviour during counter-movement exercise in humans reveals a significant role for tendon elasticity 

  71. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine Khan 8 3 151 1998 10.1097/00042752-199807000-00001 Tendinopathy: an Achilles' heel for athletes and clinicians 

  72. Kibler 2003 Current concepts in tendinopathy 

  73. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise Kinugasa 37 4 593 2005 10.1249/01.MSS.0000159026.99792.76 Neuromuscular activation of triceps surae using muscle functional MRI and EMG 

  74. Kolt 2007 Physical therapies in sport and exercise 

  75. Journal of Biomechanics Komi 33 10 1197 2000 10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00064-6 Stretch-shortening cycle: a powerful model to study normal and fatigued muscle 

  76. Best Practice and Research Clinical Rheumatology Kountouris 21 2 295 2007 10.1016/j.berh.2006.12.003 Rehabilitation of Achilles and patellar tendinopathies 

  77. Journal of Sports Sciences Kubo 23 851 2005 10.1080/02640410400022029 Effects of viscoelastic properties of tendon structures on stretch: shortening cycle exercise in vivo 

  78. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Kubo 168 2 327 2000 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00653.x Elasticity of tendon structures of the lower limbs in sprinters 

  79. Journal of Applied Physiology Kubo 87 6 2090 1999 10.1152/jappl.1999.87.6.2090 Influence of elastic properties of tendon structures on jump performance in humans 

  80. Journal of Applied Physiology Kurokawa 95 6 2306 2003 10.1152/japplphysiol.00219.2003 Interaction between fascicles and tendinous structures during counter movement jumping investigated in vivo 

  81. American Journal of Chinese Medicine Li 35 3 383 2007 10.1142/S0192415X07004904 Effects of extended Tai Chi intervention on balance and selected motor functions of the elderly 

  82. The Journal of Experimental Biology Lichtwark 208 15 2845 2005 10.1242/jeb.01710 Effects of series elasticity and activation conditions on muscle power output and efficiency 

  83. Lieber 1992 Skeletal muscle structure and function: Implications for rehabilitation and sports medicine 

  84. Muscle Nerve Lieber 23 11 1647 2000 10.1002/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1647::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-M Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture 

  85. Sports Medicine Lieberman 37 4-5 288 2007 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00004 The evolution of marathon running: capabilities in humans 

  86. Physical Therapy Lunsford 75 8 694 1995 10.1093/ptj/75.8.694 The standing heel-rise test for ankle plantar flexion: criterion for normal 

  87. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Madeley 10 6 356 2007 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.115 Endurance of the ankle joint plantar flexor muscles in athletes with medial tibial stress syndrome: a case-control study 

  88. Clinical Anatomy Maganaris 16 3 215 2003 10.1002/ca.10064 Force-length characteristics of the in vivo human gastrocnemius muscle 

  89. Sports Medicine Maganaris 34 14 1005 2004 10.2165/00007256-200434140-00005 Biomechanics and pathophysiology of overuse tendon injuries: ideas on insertional tendinopathy 

  90. Journal of Biomechanics Maganaris 35 12 1639 2002 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00240-3 Tensile properties of the in vivo human gastrocnemius tendon 

  91. Magee 2008 Orthopedic physical assessment 

  92. Journal of Physiology Magnusson 531 1 277 2001 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0277j.x Load-displacement properties of the human triceps surae aponeurosis in vivo 

  93. Journal of Physiology Magnusson 586 1 71 2008 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.139105 Human tendon behaviour and adaptation, in vivo 

  94. Martini 2003 Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology 

  95. Journal of Gerontology McCully 49 3 B128 1994 10.1093/geronj/49.3.B128 Exercise-induced changes in oxygen saturation in the calf muscles of elderly subjects with peripheral vascular disease 

  96. Journal of Biomechanics McGowan 42 7 850 2009 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.01.025 Modulation of leg muscle function in response to altered demand for body support and forward propulsion during walking 

  97. Journal of Applied Physiology McGowan 105 2 486 2008 10.1152/japplphysiol.90448.2008 Independent effects of weight and mass on plantar flexor activity during walking: implications for their contributions to body support and forward propulsion 

  98. Journal of Neurophysiology Mendell 93 6 3024 2005 10.1152/jn.00023.2004 The size principle: a rule describing the recruitment of motoneurons 

  99. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology Miaki 80 3 185 1999 10.1007/s004210050580 A comparison of electrical activity in the triceps surae at maximum isometric contraction with the knee and ankle at various angles 

  100. Miller 2006 Sports medicine: Core knowledge in orthopaedics 

  101. Journal of Physiology Milner-Brown 230 2 359 1973 10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010192 The orderly recruitment of human motor units during voluntary isometric contractions 

  102. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Möller 13 1 60 2005 10.1007/s00167-003-0441-0 The reliability of isokinetic testing of the ankle joint and a heel-raise test for endurance 

  103. Morton 2007 Gray's dissection guide for human anatomy 

  104. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica Murray 47 1 122 1976 10.3109/17453677608998984 A comparison of plantar flexion torque with and without the triceps surae 

  105. Journal of Applied Biomechanics Nagano 19 4 340 2003 10.1123/jab.19.4.340 Contribution of series elasticity in human cyclic heel-raise exercise 

  106. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology Nagano 15 4 367 2005 10.1016/j.jelekin.2004.12.006 Force, work and power output of lower limb muscles during human maximal-effort countermovement jumping 

  107. Journal of Biomechanics Neptune 34 11 1387 2001 10.1016/S0021-9290(01)00105-1 Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking 

  108. The Journal of Experimental Biology Neptune 208 5 799 2005 10.1242/jeb.01435 Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition speed 

  109. Gait and Posture Neptune 28 1 135 2008 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.11.004 The effect of walking speed on muscle function and mechanical energetics 

  110. Netter 2005 Netter's clinical anatomy 

  111. Noakes 2003 Lore of running 

  112. Nyland 2006 Clinical decisions in therapeutic exercise: Planning and implementation 

  113. Clinical Sports Medicine O'Brien 11 3 505 1992 10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30505-6 Functional anatomy and physiology of tendons 

  114. The American Journal of Sports Medicine Orchard 29 3 300 2001 10.1177/03635465010290030801 Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for muscle strains in Australian football 

  115. Clinical Biomechanics Österberg 13 4-5 344 1998 10.1016/S0268-0033(98)00100-4 Torque, work and EMG development in a heel-rise test 

  116. Palmer 1998 Fundamentals of musculoskeletal assessment techniques 

  117. Palmer, M. L. (2002). Sagittal plane characterization of normal human ankle function across a range of walking gait speeds. Masters thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge. 

  118. International Journal of Sports Medicine Patikas 23 4 285 2002 10.1055/s-2002-29079 Electromyographic changes of agonist and antagonist calf muscles during maximum isometric induced fatigue 

  119. Clinical Anatomy Pichler 20 4 444 2007 10.1002/ca.20421 Anatomic variations of the musculotendinous junction of the soleus muscle and its clinical implications 

  120. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Price 21 8 853 2003 10.1016/S0730-725X(03)00183-8 Comparison of MRI with EMG to study muscle activity associated with dynamic plantar flexion 

  121. Journal of Biomechanics Prilutsky 27 1 25 1994 10.1016/0021-9290(94)90029-9 Tendon action of two-joint muscles: transfer of mechanical energy between joints during jumping, landing, and running 

  122. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy Reynolds 13 4 171 1991 10.2519/jospt.1991.13.4.171 Chronic Achilles peritendinitis: etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment 

  123. Physical Therapy Roebroeck 73 6 386 1993 10.1093/ptj/73.6.386 The application of generalizability theory to reliability assessment: an illustration using isometric force measurements 

  124. Journal of Biomechanics Sasaki 39 11 2006 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.06.019 Differences in muscle function during walking and running at the same speed 

  125. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Segal 86 10 2013 2005 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.04.012 Nonuniform activity of human calf muscles during an exercise task 

  126. European Journal of Applied Physiology Shima 86 4 287 2002 10.1007/s00421-001-0559-z Cross education of muscular strength during unilateral resistance training and detraining 

  127. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports Silbernagel 11 4 197 2001 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110402.x Eccentric overload training for patients with chronic Achilles tendon pain - a randomised controlled study with reliability testing of the evaluation methods 

  128. Snell 2008 Clinical anatomy by regions 

  129. European Journal of Applied Physiology Spurrs 89 1 1 2003 10.1007/s00421-002-0741-y The effect of plyometric training on distance running performance 

  130. Journal of Sports Sciences Stafilidis 25 9 1035 2007 10.1080/02640410600951589 Muscle-tendon unit mechanical and morphological properties and sprint performance 

  131. Stanish 2000 Tendinitis: Its etiology and treatment 

  132. International Journal of Sports Medicine Trappe 22 3 186 2001 10.1055/s-2001-16385 Calf muscle strength in humans 

  133. Human Movement Science Tucker 24 5-6 667 2005 10.1016/j.humov.2005.09.010 A review of the H-reflex and M-wave in the human triceps surae 

  134. Somatosensory and Motor Research Tucker 21 3-4 189 2004 10.1080/08990220400012489 Muscle spindle feedback differs between the soleus and gastrocnemius in humans 

  135. Journal of Physiology Van Ingen Xchenau 484 1 247 1995 10.1113/jphysiol.1995.sp020662 The control of mono-articular muscles in multijoint leg extensions in man 

  136. The Journal of Experimental Biology Vereecke 209 Pt 15 2829 2006 10.1242/jeb.02316 The dynamics of hylobatid bipedalism: evidence for an energy-saving mechanism? 

  137. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology Wakahara 2008 Effects of knee joint angle on the fascicle behavior of the gastrocnemius muscle during eccentric plantar flexions 

  138. Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research Wickiewicz 179 275 1983 10.1097/00003086-198310000-00042 Muscle architecture of the human lower limb 

  139. Brain Research Bulletin Windhorst 73 4-6 155 2007 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.03.010 Muscle proprioceptive feedback and spinal networks 

  140. Winter 2005 Biomechanics and motor control of human movement 

  141. Primary Care - Clinics in Office Practice Young 32 1 105 2005 10.1016/j.pop.2004.11.002 Clinical examination of the foot and ankle 

관련 콘텐츠

오픈액세스(OA) 유형

GREEN

저자가 공개 리포지터리에 출판본, post-print, 또는 pre-print를 셀프 아카이빙 하여 자유로운 이용이 가능한 논문

저작권 관리 안내
섹션별 컨텐츠 바로가기

AI-Helper ※ AI-Helper는 오픈소스 모델을 사용합니다.

AI-Helper 아이콘
AI-Helper
안녕하세요, AI-Helper입니다. 좌측 "선택된 텍스트"에서 텍스트를 선택하여 요약, 번역, 용어설명을 실행하세요.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.

선택된 텍스트

맨위로