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This paper is aimed to analyze philosophical foundation of transmigration in Orphism and Pythagoreanism that have mainly influenced on western philosophy in general. Orphism with mystical tradition is differentiated with Olympian religion of Homer with scientifical tradition. It is occurred as a rea...

This paper is aimed to analyze philosophical foundation of transmigration in Orphism and Pythagoreanism that have mainly influenced on western philosophy in general. Orphism with mystical tradition is differentiated with Olympian religion of Homer with scientifical tradition. It is occurred as a reaction on the extreme rationalism. But It is not irrationalism, rather the extreme of rationalism. Many philosophers have suspected that the transmigration of souls was originated from Greece. It has been thought that it came from Egypt or the Near East, or India. But I don"t think that this view is necessary. Because there were already the circular world-view in Greece from the neolithic era. The transmigration of souls presupposed it. In Orphism the origin of soul is related the worship of Dionysos, the lord of life and death. He was killed and has devoured by Titans. But the titans were destroyed by Zeus with his lightning flash. From their ashes sprang the race of men. The good element derived from Dionysos is mixed with a wicked Titanic element. The distinction between the Titanic and Dionysiac elements in man is an allegorical expression of popular distinction between body and soul. Soul has duty to be free from the chains of the body in which the soul lies fast bound like prisoner. It also tried to escape from perpetual recurrence of all things. According to Orphic doctrines, The soul of man released from body by purification and asceticism.

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