우리 사회의 정보화 속도를 고려할 때, 정보통신기술의 확산은 기업조직과 노동시장에 적잖은 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 보이나, 이에 대한 실증연구는 부진한 형편이다. 이에 본고는 가용한 거시 통계자료의 재분석을 통해 IT의 확산이 여성고용량, 여성의 숙련구조 및 임금차별에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 것이라는 가설을 수립하여 검증을 시도하였다. 먼저 IT인력 중 여성의 비율은 약 1/3 정도이고 비 IT인력 중 여성비율은 22.4%로서 IT부문에서 여성비중이 더 높아, 본고의 가설이 입증되는 한편 이 결과는 향후 정보화의 확산이 여성고용을 증가시킬 것으로 기대하게 하는 주요 근거가 될 것으로 보인다. 또한 IT분야 여성인력의 인적자본과 직종분포가 비 IT분야에 비해 우수하였고 임금함수의 추정 결과, 성에 기인한 임금차별이 컴퓨터 전문직과 준전문직에서 존재하지 않거나 상대적으로 덜한 것으로 나타난다. 이로써 IT기술의 여성인력 숙련화 가설이 어느 정도 입증되며 우리나라와 같이 고학력여성에 대한 인력수요가 매우 제한된 경제에서 IT기술의 확산은 이들의 취업을 활성화시키는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. 문제는 IT 전문직에 종사하는 여성이 전체 IT인력의 10%에도 미치지 못하는 소수이고 대부분의 여성인력은 IT 제조업에 몰려 있다는 것이다. 또한 IT 벤처기업의 경우에도 ‘알려진’ 개방성과는 달리 대부분의 여성은 일부 제한된 직무에서 그리고 낮은 직급에서 일하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 IT 자체는 성중립적일 수 있지만 기술이 적용되는 사회가 성중립적이지 않기 때문이며, 이에 IT분야가 여성에게 새로운 경력기회를 제공할 수 있는 가능성이 충분히 실현되도록 지원하는 방안을 수립할 필요성이 있다.
우리 사회의 정보화 속도를 고려할 때, 정보통신기술의 확산은 기업조직과 노동시장에 적잖은 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 보이나, 이에 대한 실증연구는 부진한 형편이다. 이에 본고는 가용한 거시 통계자료의 재분석을 통해 IT의 확산이 여성고용량, 여성의 숙련구조 및 임금차별에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 것이라는 가설을 수립하여 검증을 시도하였다. 먼저 IT인력 중 여성의 비율은 약 1/3 정도이고 비 IT인력 중 여성비율은 22.4%로서 IT부문에서 여성비중이 더 높아, 본고의 가설이 입증되는 한편 이 결과는 향후 정보화의 확산이 여성고용을 증가시킬 것으로 기대하게 하는 주요 근거가 될 것으로 보인다. 또한 IT분야 여성인력의 인적자본과 직종분포가 비 IT분야에 비해 우수하였고 임금함수의 추정 결과, 성에 기인한 임금차별이 컴퓨터 전문직과 준전문직에서 존재하지 않거나 상대적으로 덜한 것으로 나타난다. 이로써 IT기술의 여성인력 숙련화 가설이 어느 정도 입증되며 우리나라와 같이 고학력여성에 대한 인력수요가 매우 제한된 경제에서 IT기술의 확산은 이들의 취업을 활성화시키는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다. 문제는 IT 전문직에 종사하는 여성이 전체 IT인력의 10%에도 미치지 못하는 소수이고 대부분의 여성인력은 IT 제조업에 몰려 있다는 것이다. 또한 IT 벤처기업의 경우에도 ‘알려진’ 개방성과는 달리 대부분의 여성은 일부 제한된 직무에서 그리고 낮은 직급에서 일하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 IT 자체는 성중립적일 수 있지만 기술이 적용되는 사회가 성중립적이지 않기 때문이며, 이에 IT분야가 여성에게 새로운 경력기회를 제공할 수 있는 가능성이 충분히 실현되도록 지원하는 방안을 수립할 필요성이 있다.
The information technology(IT) industry is growing at a rapid pace. While it already impacts almost all aspects of the workplace and most aspects of our everyday life, the relations between the diffusion of IT and women"s employment has rarely been examined empirically. There is only a plethora of e...
The information technology(IT) industry is growing at a rapid pace. While it already impacts almost all aspects of the workplace and most aspects of our everyday life, the relations between the diffusion of IT and women"s employment has rarely been examined empirically. There is only a plethora of expectations either optimistic("IT will bring women favorable conditions") or negative("IT will substitute women"s labor and only make women"s working status unstable") based on anecdotal cases. Multiple definitions of information technology exist. For example, the Information Technology Association of America(ITAA) defines information technology as the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. In this paper, information technology is defined as computing and telecommunications, including hardware, software, and the integration of the two, with an emphasis on computer-based technologies and industries. Similarly, an IT worker is defined as someone engaged in creating, developing, and managing information technology, distinct from those who simply use information technologies on the job. But an IT worker is defined as someone engaged in IT industry for empirical analysis. This study tests three hypothesis with the macro data from "IT Statistical Yearbook", "Employment Insurance Statistical Data" and "Basic Survey of Wage Structure" of the Ministry of Labor; 1)IT will have a positive impact on women"s employment 2)IT will show a skill-biased labor demand for women as well as for men 3)There will be a weak male-female wage discrimination in the IT industry. Most of hypothesis were accepted. Firstly, the female ratio in the IT industry was about one-third, while the ratio was 25.5% in the non-IT industry. Secondly, the educational level was higher in the group of IT women workers where more professional were found compared with non-IT. Lastly, the estimation results of wage function showed less sex discrimination in the group of IT professionals. Thus, the diffusion of IT is expected to benefit college-graduated women workers of which the labor market is presently very tight in terms of providing decent work for women. However, such potentials of IT has not been fully actualized. Women account for less 10% of whole IT professionals at present. One survey showed that even in venture companies women were crowded in the departments of public relations and human resources management, secretary was still women"s job and women were at best web designers. IT may be sex-neutral but definitely the Korean society where IT is diffused is not sex-neutral. This legitimizes the introduction of initiatives to support more women entering the realm of IT professionals and to encourage and retain women in IT positions.
The information technology(IT) industry is growing at a rapid pace. While it already impacts almost all aspects of the workplace and most aspects of our everyday life, the relations between the diffusion of IT and women"s employment has rarely been examined empirically. There is only a plethora of expectations either optimistic("IT will bring women favorable conditions") or negative("IT will substitute women"s labor and only make women"s working status unstable") based on anecdotal cases. Multiple definitions of information technology exist. For example, the Information Technology Association of America(ITAA) defines information technology as the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware. In this paper, information technology is defined as computing and telecommunications, including hardware, software, and the integration of the two, with an emphasis on computer-based technologies and industries. Similarly, an IT worker is defined as someone engaged in creating, developing, and managing information technology, distinct from those who simply use information technologies on the job. But an IT worker is defined as someone engaged in IT industry for empirical analysis. This study tests three hypothesis with the macro data from "IT Statistical Yearbook", "Employment Insurance Statistical Data" and "Basic Survey of Wage Structure" of the Ministry of Labor; 1)IT will have a positive impact on women"s employment 2)IT will show a skill-biased labor demand for women as well as for men 3)There will be a weak male-female wage discrimination in the IT industry. Most of hypothesis were accepted. Firstly, the female ratio in the IT industry was about one-third, while the ratio was 25.5% in the non-IT industry. Secondly, the educational level was higher in the group of IT women workers where more professional were found compared with non-IT. Lastly, the estimation results of wage function showed less sex discrimination in the group of IT professionals. Thus, the diffusion of IT is expected to benefit college-graduated women workers of which the labor market is presently very tight in terms of providing decent work for women. However, such potentials of IT has not been fully actualized. Women account for less 10% of whole IT professionals at present. One survey showed that even in venture companies women were crowded in the departments of public relations and human resources management, secretary was still women"s job and women were at best web designers. IT may be sex-neutral but definitely the Korean society where IT is diffused is not sex-neutral. This legitimizes the introduction of initiatives to support more women entering the realm of IT professionals and to encourage and retain women in IT positions.
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