유엔난민고등판무관실(UNHCR)에 따르면, 2005년 말 현재 전세계의 난민은 약 900만명으로 이는 동부아프리카 지역의 난민이외의 모든 지역 특히 아프가니스탄 난민 190만명의 귀환으로 인하여 1990년 이후에 최저수준이라고 한다. 그러나 분쟁이나 내전 등으로 삶의 터전을 잃은 이른바 국내 난민과 무국적자 기타 UNHCR의 보호를 필요로 하는 사람들은 약 2,000만명 이상으로 추산되어 여전히 증가추세를 보이고 있는 가운데 난민문제는 전세계적인 문제가 되고 있다. 그런데 한국을 비롯한 주요 선진 50개국의 난민처리실태를 살펴보면 난민지위신청자들에게 그렇게 희망적이지만은 않다. 이들 주요국들의 난민에 대한 규제정책으로 인하여 난민지위신청자수는 해마다 줄고 있으며, 2005년에는 2001년의 절반수준인 33만 6천여건으로 나타나고 있다.
이에 본 연구에서는 난민에 대한 개념과 유럽의 전반적인 난민보호정책을 검토한 후, 유럽연합(European Union, EU)의 주요국가, 특히 영국, 프랑스 및 독일의 난민보호제도를 고찰함으로써 우리 난민정책의 발전방향에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 한다.
유엔난민고등판무관실(UNHCR)에 따르면, 2005년 말 현재 전세계의 난민은 약 900만명으로 이는 동부아프리카 지역의 난민이외의 모든 지역 특히 아프가니스탄 난민 190만명의 귀환으로 인하여 1990년 이후에 최저수준이라고 한다. 그러나 분쟁이나 내전 등으로 삶의 터전을 잃은 이른바 국내 난민과 무국적자 기타 UNHCR의 보호를 필요로 하는 사람들은 약 2,000만명 이상으로 추산되어 여전히 증가추세를 보이고 있는 가운데 난민문제는 전세계적인 문제가 되고 있다. 그런데 한국을 비롯한 주요 선진 50개국의 난민처리실태를 살펴보면 난민지위신청자들에게 그렇게 희망적이지만은 않다. 이들 주요국들의 난민에 대한 규제정책으로 인하여 난민지위신청자수는 해마다 줄고 있으며, 2005년에는 2001년의 절반수준인 33만 6천여건으로 나타나고 있다.
이에 본 연구에서는 난민에 대한 개념과 유럽의 전반적인 난민보호정책을 검토한 후, 유럽연합(European Union, EU)의 주요국가, 특히 영국, 프랑스 및 독일의 난민보호제도를 고찰함으로써 우리 난민정책의 발전방향에 대한 시사점을 얻고자 한다.
According to UNHCR there are approximately 9 million refugees and there are other 20 million other people who are destitute stateless, and need protection from UNHCR showing increase. In such situation the refugee is being problem for the world. Currently, Europe would be the place where most refuge...
According to UNHCR there are approximately 9 million refugees and there are other 20 million other people who are destitute stateless, and need protection from UNHCR showing increase. In such situation the refugee is being problem for the world. Currently, Europe would be the place where most refugees were accepted and request from North Korean bolters are increasing since late 1990. For instance, Germany has granted refugee status to 232 people or granting protection that is same level as refugee status and England has provided 25 people refugee status or same level of protection taking important role as safe haven for refuges. As Korea became more diversified in terms of culture or society, Korea is not an exception for refugees. According to UNHCR report, 410 refugees have requested refugee status in 2005 showing 173% increasecomparing to that of 150 people in 2004. Therefore regarding North Korean bolters, refugee problem needs to get more attention and needs some caution. But as Amnesty report criticizes about Korean procedures of granting refugee status, transparency in procedures or ambiguity of grating refugee status acceptance, there should be more systematic and political alternatives for such problem. Recently, EU has been showing movement for defensive position regarding refugee protection. In other words, there has been movement where refuges are being treated similar to immigrants. But such chaos attitude is something that cannot be endured easily. Granting immigrants depends on decisions of a country, but refugee protection falls into rights rather than decisions of a country. In such refugee protection problem, there is negative looks, but in reality, EU countries are the ones where most refuges are being protected and there procedures including North Korean bolters or other refuges suggest much to others. As recent Amnesty report points out, Korean procedures of granting refugee status, transparency in procedures or ambiguity of grating refugee status acceptance, Korean government has to have more systematic and political alternatives for such problem. In order to protect refugees, there should be strong intention to protect refugees and change procedures where there could be long delay in evaluation process. Also, in order to expedite procedures, formal objection process needs to be shortened as well. Therefore, refugee acceptance procedure of EU countries well could be a paradigm for modifying current systems of Korea. There isn"t a third party for formal objection or clear international law or standards for it. But after the "Immigrants management act,"where there was almost no refugees accepted will generate negative looks from international public opinion. In order to have efficient refugee acceptance system that fits the reality, refugee acceptance system, especially change of formal objection procedure needs to be prioritized. In such respect, there is different historical background including problem of independency of formal objection procedure, refugee acceptance procedure of EU countries could be referred.
According to UNHCR there are approximately 9 million refugees and there are other 20 million other people who are destitute stateless, and need protection from UNHCR showing increase. In such situation the refugee is being problem for the world. Currently, Europe would be the place where most refugees were accepted and request from North Korean bolters are increasing since late 1990. For instance, Germany has granted refugee status to 232 people or granting protection that is same level as refugee status and England has provided 25 people refugee status or same level of protection taking important role as safe haven for refuges. As Korea became more diversified in terms of culture or society, Korea is not an exception for refugees. According to UNHCR report, 410 refugees have requested refugee status in 2005 showing 173% increasecomparing to that of 150 people in 2004. Therefore regarding North Korean bolters, refugee problem needs to get more attention and needs some caution. But as Amnesty report criticizes about Korean procedures of granting refugee status, transparency in procedures or ambiguity of grating refugee status acceptance, there should be more systematic and political alternatives for such problem. Recently, EU has been showing movement for defensive position regarding refugee protection. In other words, there has been movement where refuges are being treated similar to immigrants. But such chaos attitude is something that cannot be endured easily. Granting immigrants depends on decisions of a country, but refugee protection falls into rights rather than decisions of a country. In such refugee protection problem, there is negative looks, but in reality, EU countries are the ones where most refuges are being protected and there procedures including North Korean bolters or other refuges suggest much to others. As recent Amnesty report points out, Korean procedures of granting refugee status, transparency in procedures or ambiguity of grating refugee status acceptance, Korean government has to have more systematic and political alternatives for such problem. In order to protect refugees, there should be strong intention to protect refugees and change procedures where there could be long delay in evaluation process. Also, in order to expedite procedures, formal objection process needs to be shortened as well. Therefore, refugee acceptance procedure of EU countries well could be a paradigm for modifying current systems of Korea. There isn"t a third party for formal objection or clear international law or standards for it. But after the "Immigrants management act,"where there was almost no refugees accepted will generate negative looks from international public opinion. In order to have efficient refugee acceptance system that fits the reality, refugee acceptance system, especially change of formal objection procedure needs to be prioritized. In such respect, there is different historical background including problem of independency of formal objection procedure, refugee acceptance procedure of EU countries could be referred.
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