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The Sudan experienced two north-south civil wars from 1955 to 2005. Approximately two million people were killed during this period, and millions of others were displaced from their villages. Some have argued that the Sudan possesses certain characteristics that make the nation prone to civil wars. ...

The Sudan experienced two north-south civil wars from 1955 to 2005. Approximately two million people were killed during this period, and millions of others were displaced from their villages. Some have argued that the Sudan possesses certain characteristics that make the nation prone to civil wars. This paper, however, argues that the main causes of the Sudanese civil wars are very similar to those of civil wars in general. These general causes include the weakness of the central government, political instability, and suitable environmental conditions for recruiting, training, and hiding rebels. All of these conditions were met in the Sudan. The Sudan experienced a great deal of difficulty uniting and consolidating the country after gaining independence because of the "divide and rule" policy that was in place during the British colonial period. After gaining independence, the rift between the north and south widened because of the Arab/Islamization policy implemented by the central government. In addition, the frequent military coups created political instability, and the power struggle between the two Sufi organizations, the Ansar and the Khatmiyya, caused the collapse of civil governments. As a result, the Sudan lost its chance to institutionalize its political system. Under these circumstances, the southern people united to rise up against the northern government. They used both the bush in the south as well as the lands of neighboring countries to hide from the northern soldiers. These described causes for the Sudanese North-South civil war are very similar to those of general civil wars. Furthermore, the characteristics and the patterns of applying forces of the north-south civil war are similar to those of general civil wars. In sum, the Sudanese North-South civil war is not unique but is very similar to general civil wars in its causes and characteristics.

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