In his drama Faust Ⅱ, Goethe includes references to major historical developments of the early 19th century. In providing stage directions, Goethe used the device of indicating locations but without specifying the historical period or the actual historical events which occurred there. The drama begi...
In his drama Faust Ⅱ, Goethe includes references to major historical developments of the early 19th century. In providing stage directions, Goethe used the device of indicating locations but without specifying the historical period or the actual historical events which occurred there. The drama begins with the description of a nation in decay. The emperor is merely a political puppet: feudal lords hold the real political power. This feudal nation comes to an end in Act Ⅳ. In such a historical process, Faust is a citizen who disturbs the feudal power, in pursuit of his own ideal. This breakdown of the nation reflects the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, which started with the Golden Bull (1356) and ended under Joseph Ⅱ in Goethe"s lifetime. Goethe’s work illuminates the historical events leading to the collapse of the feudal system. In the feudal nation, Faust invokes the phantoms of Paris and Helena : the object of his desire. This desire results in Faust searching for the reputed Beauty of ancient Greece. He goes to the world of ancient times with his own characteristics as a German. As a typical Renaissance citizen, he eventually wins the hand of the Beauty of ancient times by accomplishing a real and personal love with Helena. Such a union means the rebirth of the ancient times in the Renaissance. In terms of cultural history, this episode represents a synthesis of classical and romantic elements, which breaks down at the death of Euphorion. To Faust, history is shaped by great minds and the process of history is not unalterable. Driven by his self-consciousness and thirst for action, Faust pursues mechanical civilization through a land reclamation project. In so doing, he displays the characteristics of a capitalistic exploiter. Through his blind eyes, Faust envisions free people in free lands, which shows that his aim is in self-liberation. This last vision displays his political and historical ideal: creative activity. In Faust Ⅱ, Goethe describes a variety of historical periods and places, and mingles historical events with imagination. Thus, he interprets ancient times as a mode of being that can be repeated at any time, rather than as a fixed historical period. Likewise, he represents the feudalism of the 16th century as if it were the present that coincides with current activities. However, his imaginative construction of events is strictly historical, in that he preserves the characteristics of each historical period. In the historical setting portrayed in Faust Ⅱ he is consistent in his presentation of the theme of Faust but he goes even further and reveals his vision of the future.
In his drama Faust Ⅱ, Goethe includes references to major historical developments of the early 19th century. In providing stage directions, Goethe used the device of indicating locations but without specifying the historical period or the actual historical events which occurred there. The drama begins with the description of a nation in decay. The emperor is merely a political puppet: feudal lords hold the real political power. This feudal nation comes to an end in Act Ⅳ. In such a historical process, Faust is a citizen who disturbs the feudal power, in pursuit of his own ideal. This breakdown of the nation reflects the demise of the Holy Roman Empire, which started with the Golden Bull (1356) and ended under Joseph Ⅱ in Goethe"s lifetime. Goethe’s work illuminates the historical events leading to the collapse of the feudal system. In the feudal nation, Faust invokes the phantoms of Paris and Helena : the object of his desire. This desire results in Faust searching for the reputed Beauty of ancient Greece. He goes to the world of ancient times with his own characteristics as a German. As a typical Renaissance citizen, he eventually wins the hand of the Beauty of ancient times by accomplishing a real and personal love with Helena. Such a union means the rebirth of the ancient times in the Renaissance. In terms of cultural history, this episode represents a synthesis of classical and romantic elements, which breaks down at the death of Euphorion. To Faust, history is shaped by great minds and the process of history is not unalterable. Driven by his self-consciousness and thirst for action, Faust pursues mechanical civilization through a land reclamation project. In so doing, he displays the characteristics of a capitalistic exploiter. Through his blind eyes, Faust envisions free people in free lands, which shows that his aim is in self-liberation. This last vision displays his political and historical ideal: creative activity. In Faust Ⅱ, Goethe describes a variety of historical periods and places, and mingles historical events with imagination. Thus, he interprets ancient times as a mode of being that can be repeated at any time, rather than as a fixed historical period. Likewise, he represents the feudalism of the 16th century as if it were the present that coincides with current activities. However, his imaginative construction of events is strictly historical, in that he preserves the characteristics of each historical period. In the historical setting portrayed in Faust Ⅱ he is consistent in his presentation of the theme of Faust but he goes even further and reveals his vision of the future.
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