공연 텍스트로서의 안톤 체호프 <벚나무 동산> 무대화 연구 - 페레스트로이카 이후, 모스크바와 상트페테르부르크 연극무대를 중심으로 A Study of Theaterization of Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard as Performing Text in Moscow and Saint Petersburg after Perestroika
현대연극에서 체호프는 다양한 무대에서 다양한 방식으로 선보여져왔다. 20세기 초반 ‘연출가’가라는 새로운 권력의 등장으로 기존 연극에서 볼 수 없었던 독특한 시각이 작품 안에 새롭게 배열되면서 체호프의 무대는 그야말로 현대연극 무대에서 새로운 연극언어의 발생지가 되어왔다 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다.
체호프 작품의 무대화는 체호프의 명성에 비례하듯 빈번하지만 그중에서도 <벚나무 동산>의 무대화는 그의 여타 작품들에 비해서도 압도적이다. 특히나 러시아 연극사에 있어 페레스트로이카 이후 봇물 터지듯 쏟아져 나온 수많은 <벚나무 동산>은 연극사적으로는 물론 사회적으로도 시사하는 바가 크다. <벚나무 동산>의 사회적 배경은 19세기 말 러시아에 몰아닥친 금융 자본주의와 그런 변화에 대응하지 못한 미성숙한 귀족들의 행태로 요약될 수 있다. 이러한 상황은 체호프가 <벚나무 동산>을 집필할 당시의 상황이었는데, 이는 사회 격변기 속에서의 세대 간의 갈등과 같은 면모에서 1980년대 페레스트로이카의 상황과도 비슷하게 맞아떨어진다. 이에 당대의 연출가들은 <벚나무 동산>에 자신의 사회적 시각을 녹이고 미학적 실험을 얹어 다양한 <벚나무 동산>을 내어놓은 것이다.
본고는 페레스트로이카 이후 공연된 <벚나무 동산> 중 평단에서 가장 주목을 받은 작품 9편을 연구 대상으로 하여 정치, 사회적 맥락에서 작품을 분석함에 그 목적이 있다.
현대연극에서 체호프는 다양한 무대에서 다양한 방식으로 선보여져왔다. 20세기 초반 ‘연출가’가라는 새로운 권력의 등장으로 기존 연극에서 볼 수 없었던 독특한 시각이 작품 안에 새롭게 배열되면서 체호프의 무대는 그야말로 현대연극 무대에서 새로운 연극언어의 발생지가 되어왔다 해도 과언이 아닐 것이다.
체호프 작품의 무대화는 체호프의 명성에 비례하듯 빈번하지만 그중에서도 <벚나무 동산>의 무대화는 그의 여타 작품들에 비해서도 압도적이다. 특히나 러시아 연극사에 있어 페레스트로이카 이후 봇물 터지듯 쏟아져 나온 수많은 <벚나무 동산>은 연극사적으로는 물론 사회적으로도 시사하는 바가 크다. <벚나무 동산>의 사회적 배경은 19세기 말 러시아에 몰아닥친 금융 자본주의와 그런 변화에 대응하지 못한 미성숙한 귀족들의 행태로 요약될 수 있다. 이러한 상황은 체호프가 <벚나무 동산>을 집필할 당시의 상황이었는데, 이는 사회 격변기 속에서의 세대 간의 갈등과 같은 면모에서 1980년대 페레스트로이카의 상황과도 비슷하게 맞아떨어진다. 이에 당대의 연출가들은 <벚나무 동산>에 자신의 사회적 시각을 녹이고 미학적 실험을 얹어 다양한 <벚나무 동산>을 내어놓은 것이다.
본고는 페레스트로이카 이후 공연된 <벚나무 동산> 중 평단에서 가장 주목을 받은 작품 9편을 연구 대상으로 하여 정치, 사회적 맥락에서 작품을 분석함에 그 목적이 있다.
Perestroika brought a big change to the Russian society, bringing new movements in economy, society, religion, art and culture. Restricted artists and their works found their rights, and the theatres gained their authority to make productions. Perestroika had let the streams flow again. This era...
Perestroika brought a big change to the Russian society, bringing new movements in economy, society, religion, art and culture. Restricted artists and their works found their rights, and the theatres gained their authority to make productions. Perestroika had let the streams flow again. This era of change and Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard has a close relationship. The masterpiece was produced through the labor of the Russian revolution. In The Cherry Orchard, the conflict between the new and the old generation is shown - those who attempt to rebuild the society through the revolution, and who tries to keep the old. But this kind of conflict is not portrayed as tragedy in the script. In fact, he insisted that the script is ‘comedy’. The ‘comedy’ Chekhov mentioned is, so called ‘the comedy of situations’. The humour in The Cherry Orchard can be summarized as ‘absurd situations’ that comes to the ‘less grown adults’. The characters who have childlike innocence confront the harsh reality. They think they should solve the problems but cannot decide which way to solve them. The family of Ranevska hesitate to make a decision and waits for the auction. They would look like children who don’t know much about the world from the point of view of Lopakhin. This contrast has similarities with the situations of the time when The Cherry Orchard was written, as well as that of post Perestroika. And stage directors had presented such Chekhov"s scripts with their own interpretation on the stage as a human being, a member of a nation and the society, and an individual artist. They present unique productions due to their different identities and tastes for art. In the Russian theatrical scene of 80’s and 90’s, major concern for the directors was to find a way to conclude a century and open a new era in the changes of Perestroika. With deep concerns they tried to gaze the age by recreating The Cherry Orchard. They wanted to reflect the reality from the hidden messages in Chekhov’s text about fate of a man and the discussion about the age. In this progress, rather than succeeding the classics and the authority, the directors tried to find an efficient theatrical way to express their original interpretation. For that reason, each productions had unique interpretations and presentations. The mutual influence between the script, stage, and director had become clearer, which makes the modern theatre peculiar. The new belief, theatrical form, and the effort to find more assertive way of expression could be defined as the trend of the times.
Perestroika brought a big change to the Russian society, bringing new movements in economy, society, religion, art and culture. Restricted artists and their works found their rights, and the theatres gained their authority to make productions. Perestroika had let the streams flow again. This era of change and Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard has a close relationship. The masterpiece was produced through the labor of the Russian revolution. In The Cherry Orchard, the conflict between the new and the old generation is shown - those who attempt to rebuild the society through the revolution, and who tries to keep the old. But this kind of conflict is not portrayed as tragedy in the script. In fact, he insisted that the script is ‘comedy’. The ‘comedy’ Chekhov mentioned is, so called ‘the comedy of situations’. The humour in The Cherry Orchard can be summarized as ‘absurd situations’ that comes to the ‘less grown adults’. The characters who have childlike innocence confront the harsh reality. They think they should solve the problems but cannot decide which way to solve them. The family of Ranevska hesitate to make a decision and waits for the auction. They would look like children who don’t know much about the world from the point of view of Lopakhin. This contrast has similarities with the situations of the time when The Cherry Orchard was written, as well as that of post Perestroika. And stage directors had presented such Chekhov"s scripts with their own interpretation on the stage as a human being, a member of a nation and the society, and an individual artist. They present unique productions due to their different identities and tastes for art. In the Russian theatrical scene of 80’s and 90’s, major concern for the directors was to find a way to conclude a century and open a new era in the changes of Perestroika. With deep concerns they tried to gaze the age by recreating The Cherry Orchard. They wanted to reflect the reality from the hidden messages in Chekhov’s text about fate of a man and the discussion about the age. In this progress, rather than succeeding the classics and the authority, the directors tried to find an efficient theatrical way to express their original interpretation. For that reason, each productions had unique interpretations and presentations. The mutual influence between the script, stage, and director had become clearer, which makes the modern theatre peculiar. The new belief, theatrical form, and the effort to find more assertive way of expression could be defined as the trend of the times.
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