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The effect of altered sphingolipid acyl chain length on various disease models

Biological chemistry, v.396 no.6/7, 2015년, pp.693 - 705  

Park, Woo-Jae ,  Park, Joo-Won

Abstract AI-Helper 아이콘AI-Helper

AbstractSphingolipids have emerged as an important lipid mediator in intracellular signalling and metabolism. Ceramide, which is central to sphingolipid metabolism, is generated either via ade novopathway, by attaching fatty acyl CoA to a long-chain base, or via a salvage pathway, by degrading pre-e...

참고문헌 (178)

  1. Genetic loci associated with circulating levels of very long - chain saturated fatty acids Lemaitre 2015 Lipid Res 

  2. Mechanisms by which permeabilise mitochondria during apoptosis Dewson 122 Cell Sci 2009 

  3. Visualization of ceramide channels by transmission electron microscopy Samanta 1808 Biochim Biophys Acta 2011 

  4. wide association study identifies genetic risk underlying primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Kirin 3174 Genome Hum Mol Genet 22 2013 10.1093/hmg/ddt169 

  5. The complexity of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum Tidhar 2511 Biochim Biophys Acta 2013 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.010 

  6. The lipids ceramide form large stable channels Implications for apoptosis Siskind 275 Biol Chem 16 2000 

  7. Long chain ceramides and very long chain ceramides have opposite effects on human breast and colon cancer cell growth Hartmann 620 Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.12.019 

  8. Epidermal surface lipids Dermatoendocrinol Pappas 1 2009 

  9. topology of ceramide synthase in yeast Kageyama 398 Biochem J 2006 

  10. a Ablation of very long acyl chain sphingolipids causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice due to altered detergent - resistant membranes Park 525 Hepatology 2013 10.1002/hep.26015 

  11. Encephalopathy caused by ablation of very long acyl chain ceramide synthesis may be largely due to reduced galactosylceramide levels Ben 286 Biol Chem 2011 

  12. Clinical relevance of ceramide metabolism in the pathogenesis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma attenuation of ceramide in HNSCC tumors correlates with lymphovascular invasion and nodal metastasis Karahatay 256 Cancer Lett 18 2007 

  13. deficiency of ceramide biosynthesis causes cerebellar purkinje cell neurodegeneration and lipofuscin accumulation 1002063 Zhao PLoS Genet 2011 

  14. synthases and ceramide levels are increased in breast cancer tissue Schiffmann 745 Carcinogenesis 30 2009 10.1093/carcin/bgp061 

  15. synthases reexamining longevity Park 215 Exp Pharmacol 2013 

  16. a Ablation of very long acyl chain sphingolipids causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice due to altered detergent - resistant membranes Park 525 Hepatology 2013 10.1002/hep.26015 

  17. and cell death outer membrane permeabilization and beyond Tait 621 Mitochondria Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11 2010 10.1038/nrm2952 

  18. der von Male germ cells require polyenoic sphingolipids with complex glycosylation for completion of meiosis : a link to ceramide synthase - Rabionet 283 Biol Chem 2008 

  19. Two mammalian longevity assurance gene LAG family members trh trh regulate dihydroceramide synthesis using different fatty acyl - CoA donors Riebeling 1 Biol Chem 2003 

  20. Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside Blank 1 Cell Biol 2007 

  21. Stress - induced ER to Golgi translocation of ceramide synthase is dependent on proteasomal processing Sridevi 1 Cell Res 2010 

  22. Gap junction inhibition prevents drug - induced liver toxicity and fulminant hepatic failure Patel 179 Nat Biotechnol 30 2012 10.1038/nbt.2089 

  23. brittle hair impaired intelligence decreased fertility short stature syndrome Jorizzo 106 Dermatol 1982 

  24. Regulation of ceramide biosynthesis by TOR complex Aronova 148 Cell Metab 2008 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.015 

  25. Mutation for nonsyndromic mental retardation in the trans enoyl - CoA reductase TER gene involved in fatty acid elongation impairs the enzyme activity and stability leading to change in sphingolipid profile Abe 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  26. synthase modulates TRAIL sensitivity and nuclear translocation of active caspase - in colon cancer cells White 1132 Oncogene 28 2009 10.1038/onc.2008.468 

  27. The crystal structure of human CD with and without alpha - galactosylceramide Koch 1 Nat Immunol 2005 

  28. Sphingoid long chain bases prevent lung infection byPseudomonas aeruginosa Pewzner 1205 Mol Med 2014 

  29. Cholera toxin binds to lipid rafts but has a limited specificity for ganglioside Blank 1 Cell Biol 2007 

  30. synthase modulates TRAIL sensitivity and nuclear translocation of active caspase - in colon cancer cells White 1132 Oncogene 28 2009 10.1038/onc.2008.468 

  31. Differential expression of dihydro ceramide synthases in mouse oligodendrocyte - specific expression of Becker 129 brain Cell Biol 2008 

  32. Circulating sphingolipid biomarkers in models of type diabetes Fox 1 Lipid Res 2011 

  33. Upstream of growth and differentiation factor uog a mammalian homolog of the yeast longevity assurance gene LAG regulates stearoyl - sphinganine dihydro ceramide synthesis in a fumonisin independent manner in mammalian cells Venkataraman 1 Biol Chem 18 2002 

  34. critical role for ceramide synthase in liver homeostasis alterations in lipid metabolic pathways Pewzner 285 Biol Chem 2010 

  35. synthases roles in cell signaling Stiban 688 physiology Adv Exp Med Biol 2010 

  36. synthases confer distinct roles in radiation - induced apoptosis in HeLa cells Mesicek 1300 Cell Signal 22 2010 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.04.006 

  37. - like role of regulatory iNKT cells in autoimmune disease and tumour Wilson 211 immunity Nat Rev Immunol 2003 10.1038/nri1028 

  38. Stress - induced ER to Golgi translocation of ceramide synthase is dependent on proteasomal processing Sridevi 1 Cell Res 2010 

  39. Design of a potent CD binding NKT cell ligand as a vaccine adjuvant Li 1 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010 

  40. Expression of glucosylceramide synthase converting ceramide to glucosylceramide confers adriamycin resistance in human breast cancer cells Liu 274 Biol Chem 1999 

  41. Kunos Hepatic cannabinoid receptors mediate diet - induced insulin resistance by increasing de novo synthesis of long - chain ceramides Cinar 1 Hepatology 2014 

  42. Selective knockdown of ceramide synthases reveals complex interregulation of sphingolipid metabolism Mullen 52 Lipid Res 2011 

  43. Upstream of growth and differentiation factor uog a mammalian homolog of the yeast longevity assurance gene LAG regulates stearoyl - sphinganine dihydro ceramide synthesis in a fumonisin independent manner in mammalian cells Venkataraman 1 Biol Chem 18 2002 

  44. Mammalian ceramide synthases Levy 347 IUBMB Life 2010 10.1002/iub.319 

  45. - like role of regulatory iNKT cells in autoimmune disease and tumour Wilson 211 immunity Nat Rev Immunol 2003 10.1038/nri1028 

  46. longevity assurance homologue is a mainly testis - specific dihydro ceramide synthase with relatively broad substrate specificity Mizutani 398 Biochem J 2006 

  47. The protein BAK is required for long - chain ceramide generation during apoptosis Siskind 285 Biol Chem 2010 

  48. synthases and ceramide levels are increased in breast cancer tissue Schiffmann 745 Carcinogenesis 30 2009 10.1093/carcin/bgp061 

  49. Characterization of ceramide synthase tissue distribution substrate specificity and inhibition by sphingosine phosphate Laviad 1 Biol Chem 2008 

  50. critical role for ceramide synthase in liver homeostasis alterations in lipid metabolic pathways Pewzner 285 Biol Chem 2010 

  51. synthases roles in cell signaling Stiban 688 physiology Adv Exp Med Biol 2010 

  52. suppresses tumor cell invasion and is associated with decreased activities in breast cancer Fan 2015 J Cell Biochem 

  53. Blumenfeld Structure - guided design of an invariant natural killer T cell agonist for optimum protection from type diabetes in non - obese diabetic mice Tohn 1 Clin Exp Immunol 2011 

  54. haploinsufficiency inhibits b - oxidation and confers susceptibility to diet - induced steatohepatitis and insulin resistance Raichur 687 Cell Metab 20 2014 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.015 

  55. suppresses tumor cell invasion and is associated with decreased activities in breast cancer Fan 2015 J Cell Biochem 

  56. longevity assurance homologue is a mainly testis - specific dihydro ceramide synthase with relatively broad substrate specificity Mizutani 398 Biochem J 2006 

  57. Ceramide synthases expression and role of ceramide synthase in the lung : insight from human lung cells and mouse models One 862968 Petrache 2013 

  58. - specific ceramide galactosyltransferase expression phenotypically rescues CGT - deficient mice and demonstrates that CGT activity does not limit brain galactosylceramide level Zoller 190 Glia 2005 10.1002/glia.20230 

  59. new functional motif in Hox domain - containing ceramide synthases : identification of a novel region flanking the Hox and TLC domains essential for activity Mesika 282 Biol Chem 2007 

  60. Myelination in the absence of galactocerebroside and sulfatide : normal structure with abnormal function and regional instability Coetzee 209 Cell 1996 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80093-8 

  61. synthases reexamining longevity Park 215 Exp Pharmacol 2013 

  62. Design of a potent CD binding NKT cell ligand as a vaccine adjuvant Li 1 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010 

  63. Interferon decreases ceramides with long - chain fatty acids : possible involvement in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis Tawada 134 Invest Dermatol 2014 

  64. a Ceramide synthases as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in human diseases Park 671 Biochim Biophys Acta 2014 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.019 

  65. Reduced ceramide synthase activity causes progressive myoclonic epilepsy Mosbech 1 Ann Clin 2014 

  66. Vom synthase deficiency in mice causes lipid alterations in sebum and results in alopecia Ebel 461 Biochem J 2014 

  67. Increased ceramide synthase mRNA levels in breast cancer tissues and correlation with sphingosine kinase expression Erez 391 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010 

  68. Myelination in the absence of galactocerebroside and sulfatide : normal structure with abnormal function and regional instability Coetzee 209 Cell 1996 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80093-8 

  69. phosphate an enigmatic signalling lipid Spiegel 1 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003 

  70. Decreased level of ceramides in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis : an etiologic factor in atopic dry skin Imokawa 523 Invest Dermatol 1991 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233 

  71. Regulation of ceramide synthase in a spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model is sex dependent Eberle 326 Biochem Pharmacol 2014 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.016 

  72. enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer by counteracting acidic tumor microenvironment through inhibiting activity of ATPase proton pump Fan 1682 Oncogene 2013 10.1038/onc.2012.183 

  73. Protection of a ceramide synthase null mouse from drug - induced liver injury : role of gap junction dysfunction and connexin mislocalization Park 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  74. - specific ceramide galactosyltransferase expression phenotypically rescues CGT - deficient mice and demonstrates that CGT activity does not limit brain galactosylceramide level Zoller 190 Glia 2005 10.1002/glia.20230 

  75. vom Ablation of neuronal ceramide synthase in mice decreases ganglioside levels and expression of myelin - associated glycoprotein in oligodendrocytes Ginkel 1 Biol Chem 2012 

  76. Protection of a ceramide synthase null mouse from drug - induced liver injury : role of gap junction dysfunction and connexin mislocalization Park 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  77. Regulation of ceramide synthase in a spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model is sex dependent Eberle 326 Biochem Pharmacol 2014 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.016 

  78. Testing the NKT cell hypothesis of human IDDM pathogenesis Lee 110 Clin Invest 2002 

  79. Role of human longevity assurance gene ceramide in chemotherapy - induced cell death in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas Senkal 1 Mol Cancer Ther 18 2007 

  80. shift in sphingolipid composition from to increases susceptibility to apoptosis in HeLa cells Sassa 1031 Biochim Biophys Acta 24 2012 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.04.008 

  81. der Loss of ceramide synthase causes lethal skin barrier disruption Jennemann 586 Hum Mol Genet 21 2012 10.1093/hmg/ddr494 

  82. Resistance to TRAIL is associated with defects in ceramide signaling that can be overcome by exogenous ceramide without requiring down - regulation of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein Voelkel 1320 Mol Cancer Ther 2005 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0086 

  83. Altering the sphingolipid acyl chain composition prevents LPS mediated hepatic failure in mice by disrupting internalization Death Ali 1 Cell Dis 2013 

  84. new functional motif in Hox domain - containing ceramide synthases : identification of a novel region flanking the Hox and TLC domains essential for activity Mesika 282 Biol Chem 2007 

  85. is a bona fide dihydroceramide synthase that selectively utilizes palmitoyl - CoA as acyl donor Lahiri 280 Biol Chem 2005 

  86. Mammalian ceramide synthases Levy 347 IUBMB Life 2010 10.1002/iub.319 

  87. Mitochondrial ceramide - rich macrodomains functionalize Bax upon irradiation One Lee 19783 2011 

  88. Genetic loci associated with circulating levels of very long - chain saturated fatty acids Lemaitre 2015 Lipid Res 

  89. and Adult ceramide synthase deficient mice exhibit myelin sheath defects cerebellar degeneration hepatocarcinomas Imgrund 284 Biol Chem 2009 

  90. Necessary role for the Lag motif in dihydro ceramide synthase activity Spassieva 1 Biol Chem 2006 

  91. Blumenfeld Structure - guided design of an invariant natural killer T cell agonist for optimum protection from type diabetes in non - obese diabetic mice Tohn 1 Clin Exp Immunol 2011 

  92. a Ceramide synthases as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in human diseases Park 671 Biochim Biophys Acta 2014 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.019 

  93. The protein BAK is required for long - chain ceramide generation during apoptosis Siskind 285 Biol Chem 2010 

  94. Expression of glucosylceramide synthase converting ceramide to glucosylceramide confers adriamycin resistance in human breast cancer cells Liu 274 Biol Chem 1999 

  95. gene variant in is associated with rate of increase in albuminuria in patients with diabetes from ONTARGET and TRANSCEND One 106631 Shiffman 2014 

  96. Interferon decreases ceramides with long - chain fatty acids : possible involvement in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis Tawada 134 Invest Dermatol 2014 

  97. Encephalopathy caused by ablation of very long acyl chain ceramide synthesis may be largely due to reduced galactosylceramide levels Ben 286 Biol Chem 2011 

  98. Recognition of lyso - phospholipids by human natural killer T lymphocytes 1000228 Fox PLoS Biol 2009 

  99. Regulation of ceramide biosynthesis by TOR complex Aronova 148 Cell Metab 2008 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.015 

  100. Mammalian its related family members regulate synthesis of specific ceramides Mizutani 390 Biochem J 2005 

  101. der Loss of ceramide synthase causes lethal skin barrier disruption Jennemann 586 Hum Mol Genet 21 2012 10.1093/hmg/ddr494 

  102. Buren siRNA - mediated down - regulation of ceramide synthase leads to apoptotic resistance in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells after photodynamic therapy Separovic 2479 Anticancer Res 2012 

  103. Mutations in cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in humans 1003536 Radner PLoS Genet 2013 

  104. and cell death outer membrane permeabilization and beyond Tait 621 Mitochondria Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11 2010 10.1038/nrm2952 

  105. Long chain ceramides and very long chain ceramides have opposite effects on human breast and colon cancer cell growth Hartmann 620 Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012 10.1016/j.biocel.2011.12.019 

  106. de and de Death receptor ligands in particular to overcome drug resistance Jong 20 Cancer Rev 2001 

  107. der von Male germ cells require polyenoic sphingolipids with complex glycosylation for completion of meiosis : a link to ceramide synthase - Rabionet 283 Biol Chem 2008 

  108. Reduced ceramide synthase activity causes progressive myoclonic epilepsy Mosbech 1 Ann Clin 2014 

  109. Gap junction inhibition prevents drug - induced liver toxicity and fulminant hepatic failure Patel 179 Nat Biotechnol 30 2012 10.1038/nbt.2089 

  110. vom Ablation of neuronal ceramide synthase in mice decreases ganglioside levels and expression of myelin - associated glycoprotein in oligodendrocytes Ginkel 1 Biol Chem 2012 

  111. Extreme Th bias of invariant cells in type diabetes Wilson 1 Nature 24 1998 

  112. is a bona fide dihydroceramide synthase that selectively utilizes palmitoyl - CoA as acyl donor Lahiri 280 Biol Chem 2005 

  113. Regulation of ceramide synthase by casein kinase dependent phosphorylation inS cerevisiae Nov pii jbc ahead of print 621086 Fresques 114 Biol Chem 26 2014 

  114. Differential expression of dihydro ceramide synthases in mouse oligodendrocyte - specific expression of Becker 129 brain Cell Biol 2008 

  115. gene variant in is associated with rate of increase in albuminuria in patients with diabetes from ONTARGET and TRANSCEND One 106631 Shiffman 2014 

  116. Modulation of ceramide synthase activity via dimerization Laviad 287 Biol Chem 2012 

  117. The lipids ceramide form large stable channels Implications for apoptosis Siskind 275 Biol Chem 16 2000 

  118. Regulation of ceramide synthase by casein kinase dependent phosphorylation inS cerevisiae Nov pii jbc ahead of print 621086 Fresques 114 Biol Chem 26 2014 

  119. Mitochondrial ceramide - rich macrodomains functionalize Bax upon irradiation One Lee 19783 2011 

  120. haploinsufficiency inhibits b - oxidation and confers susceptibility to diet - induced steatohepatitis and insulin resistance Raichur 687 Cell Metab 20 2014 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.09.015 

  121. Two mammalian longevity assurance gene LAG family members trh trh regulate dihydroceramide synthesis using different fatty acyl - CoA donors Riebeling 1 Biol Chem 2003 

  122. synthase is regulated by proteasomal mediated turnover Sridevi 1 Biochim Biophys Acta 2009 

  123. Mammalian its related family members regulate synthesis of specific ceramides Mizutani 390 Biochem J 2005 

  124. deficiency of ceramide biosynthesis causes cerebellar purkinje cell neurodegeneration and lipofuscin accumulation 1002063 Zhao PLoS Genet 2011 

  125. Ablation of ceramide synthase causes chronic oxidative stress due to disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain Zigdon 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  126. Kunos Hepatic cannabinoid receptors mediate diet - induced insulin resistance by increasing de novo synthesis of long - chain ceramides Cinar 1 Hepatology 2014 

  127. Recognition of lyso - phospholipids by human natural killer T lymphocytes 1000228 Fox PLoS Biol 2009 

  128. Mutations in cause autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in humans 1003536 Radner PLoS Genet 2013 

  129. type - specific expression pattern of ceramide synthase protein in mouse tissues Kremser 140 Cell Histochem Cell Biol 2013 

  130. The crystal structure of human CD with and without alpha - galactosylceramide Koch 1 Nat Immunol 2005 

  131. Visualization of ceramide channels by transmission electron microscopy Samanta 1808 Biochim Biophys Acta 2011 

  132. topology of ceramide synthase in yeast Kageyama 398 Biochem J 2006 

  133. Testing the NKT cell hypothesis of human IDDM pathogenesis Lee 110 Clin Invest 2002 

  134. synthase mediates lipid - induced autophagy and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes Russo 122 Clin Invest 2012 

  135. shift in sphingolipid composition from to increases susceptibility to apoptosis in HeLa cells Sassa 1031 Biochim Biophys Acta 24 2012 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.04.008 

  136. Vom Inactivation of ceramide synthase in mice results in an altered sphingolipid metabolism and behavioral abnormalities Ebel 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  137. type - specific expression pattern of ceramide synthase protein in mouse tissues Kremser 140 Cell Histochem Cell Biol 2013 

  138. phosphate an enigmatic signalling lipid Spiegel 1 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2003 

  139. synthases confer distinct roles in radiation - induced apoptosis in HeLa cells Mesicek 1300 Cell Signal 22 2010 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.04.006 

  140. Resistance to TRAIL is associated with defects in ceramide signaling that can be overcome by exogenous ceramide without requiring down - regulation of cellular FLICE inhibitory protein Voelkel 1320 Mol Cancer Ther 2005 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-05-0086 

  141. brittle hair impaired intelligence decreased fertility short stature syndrome Jorizzo 106 Dermatol 1982 

  142. - dependent protein kinase phosphorylates ceramide synthase to stimulate synthesis of complex sphingolipids 10.7554/eLife.03779 Muir 1 2014 

  143. Epidermal surface lipids Dermatoendocrinol Pappas 1 2009 

  144. a critical role for ceramide synthase in liver homeostasis II Insights into molecular changes leading to hepatopathy Pewzner 285 Biol Chem 2010 

  145. is a ceramide synthase inhibitor in glioblastoma Jensen 111 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014 

  146. a critical role for ceramide synthase in liver homeostasis II Insights into molecular changes leading to hepatopathy Pewzner 285 Biol Chem 2010 

  147. Hepatic fatty acid uptake is regulated by the sphingolipid acyl chain length Park 1754 Biochim Biophys Acta 2014 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.009 

  148. de and de Death receptor ligands in particular to overcome drug resistance Jong 20 Cancer Rev 2001 

  149. Vom synthase deficiency in mice causes lipid alterations in sebum and results in alopecia Ebel 461 Biochem J 2014 

  150. Modulation of ceramide synthase activity via dimerization Laviad 287 Biol Chem 2012 

  151. synthase is regulated by proteasomal mediated turnover Sridevi 1 Biochim Biophys Acta 2009 

  152. Circulating sphingolipid biomarkers in models of type diabetes Fox 1 Lipid Res 2011 

  153. Role of human longevity assurance gene ceramide in chemotherapy - induced cell death in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas Senkal 1 Mol Cancer Ther 18 2007 

  154. Mutation for nonsyndromic mental retardation in the trans enoyl - CoA reductase TER gene involved in fatty acid elongation impairs the enzyme activity and stability leading to change in sphingolipid profile Abe 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  155. Hepatic fatty acid uptake is regulated by the sphingolipid acyl chain length Park 1754 Biochim Biophys Acta 2014 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.09.009 

  156. Ceramide synthases expression and role of ceramide synthase in the lung : insight from human lung cells and mouse models One 862968 Petrache 2013 

  157. Vom Inactivation of ceramide synthase in mice results in an altered sphingolipid metabolism and behavioral abnormalities Ebel 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  158. Clinical relevance of ceramide metabolism in the pathogenesis of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma attenuation of ceramide in HNSCC tumors correlates with lymphovascular invasion and nodal metastasis Karahatay 256 Cancer Lett 18 2007 

  159. Extreme Th bias of invariant cells in type diabetes Wilson 1 Nature 24 1998 

  160. Mechanisms by which permeabilise mitochondria during apoptosis Dewson 122 Cell Sci 2009 

  161. Necessary role for the Lag motif in dihydro ceramide synthase activity Spassieva 1 Biol Chem 2006 

  162. Characterization of ceramide synthase tissue distribution substrate specificity and inhibition by sphingosine phosphate Laviad 1 Biol Chem 2008 

  163. wide association study identifies genetic risk underlying primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Kirin 3174 Genome Hum Mol Genet 22 2013 10.1093/hmg/ddt169 

  164. enhances chemosensitivity of breast cancer by counteracting acidic tumor microenvironment through inhibiting activity of ATPase proton pump Fan 1682 Oncogene 2013 10.1038/onc.2012.183 

  165. - dependent protein kinase phosphorylates ceramide synthase to stimulate synthesis of complex sphingolipids 10.7554/eLife.03779 Muir 1 2014 

  166. The complexity of sphingolipid biosynthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum Tidhar 2511 Biochim Biophys Acta 2013 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.010 

  167. is a ceramide synthase inhibitor in glioblastoma Jensen 111 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2014 

  168. The length of lipids bound to human CD molecules modulates the affinity of NKT cell TCR and the threshold of NKT cell activation McCarthy 1 Exp Med 2007 

  169. Altering the sphingolipid acyl chain composition prevents LPS mediated hepatic failure in mice by disrupting internalization Death Ali 1 Cell Dis 2013 

  170. and Adult ceramide synthase deficient mice exhibit myelin sheath defects cerebellar degeneration hepatocarcinomas Imgrund 284 Biol Chem 2009 

  171. Selective knockdown of ceramide synthases reveals complex interregulation of sphingolipid metabolism Mullen 52 Lipid Res 2011 

  172. Ablation of ceramide synthase causes chronic oxidative stress due to disruption of the mitochondrial respiratory chain Zigdon 288 Biol Chem 2013 

  173. synthase mediates lipid - induced autophagy and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes Russo 122 Clin Invest 2012 

  174. Increased ceramide synthase mRNA levels in breast cancer tissues and correlation with sphingosine kinase expression Erez 391 Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010 

  175. The length of lipids bound to human CD molecules modulates the affinity of NKT cell TCR and the threshold of NKT cell activation McCarthy 1 Exp Med 2007 

  176. Sphingoid long chain bases prevent lung infection byPseudomonas aeruginosa Pewzner 1205 Mol Med 2014 

  177. Decreased level of ceramides in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis : an etiologic factor in atopic dry skin Imokawa 523 Invest Dermatol 1991 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233 

  178. Buren siRNA - mediated down - regulation of ceramide synthase leads to apoptotic resistance in human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells after photodynamic therapy Separovic 2479 Anticancer Res 2012 

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