[논문]A Simulator Study on Yaw-checking and Course-keeping Ability of Directionally Unstable Ships

Sohn, Kyoungho; Lee, Dongsub

[국내논문] A Simulator Study on Yaw-checking and Course-keeping Ability of Directionally Unstable Ships
침로불안정한 선학의 변침 및 보침 성능에 관한 시뮬레이터 연구 원문보기

Sohn, Kyoungho (Dept. of Ocean Systems Engineering, Korea Maritime University) , Lee, Dongsub (Korea Institute cf Maritime & Fisheries Technology)

본 연구에서는 선박의 안전항해의 관점에서 IMO조종성기준 중 변침 및 보침 성능에 관해 검토하였다. 침로불안정의 정도가 각각 다른 세척의 시리즈선박을 채택하여 지그재그시험에 관한 수치시뮬레이션을 수행하여 침로불안정의 정도와 오버슈트각 사이의 관계를 규명하였다. 그 결과 오버슈트각은 변침 및 보침 성능의 기준이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 자체개발한 시뮬레이터를 활용하여 시리즈선박의 항로항행에 관한 실시간 시뮬레이션 실험을 수행하여 선박의 조종난이도와 침로불안정의 정도 사이의 관계를 규명하였다. 아울러 수치시뮬레이션과 시뮬레이션실험 결과를 토대로 IMO조종성기준의 변침 및 보침 성능에 관한 새로운 안을 제시하였다.

Yaw-checking and course-keeping ability in IMO's ship manoeuvrability standards is reviewed from the viewpoint cf sole navigation Three kinds of virtual series-ships, which have different course instability, are taken as test models. The numerical simulation on Z-test is carried out in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability in spiral characteristics and various kinds of overshoot angle. Then simulator experiments are executed with series-ships in a curoed, narrow waterway by six operators(five active pilots and one ex-captain) in order to examine the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty. IMO criteria for yaw-checking and course-keeping ability are discussed and revised criteria are proposed.

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문제 정의

In this paper, the authors review the manoeuvrability standards particularly focusing the criteria for the yaw-checking and course-keeping ability. Firstly, the authors take three kinds of ship built in Korea recently, from which they prepare the virtual series-ships with systematically different spiral loop widths, and carry out numerical simulation on Z-test to examine the yaw-checking and course-keeping ability of the series-ships in terms of overshoot angles.

제안 방법

and course-keeping ability. Firstly, the authors take three kinds of ship built in Korea recently, from which they prepare the virtual series-ships with systematically different spiral loop widths, and carry out numerical simulation on Z-test to examine the yaw-checking and course-keeping ability of the series-ships in terms of overshoot angles. Then, simulator experiment is carried out to grasp the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty felt by pilots.
Firstly, the authors take three kinds of ship built in Korea recently, from which they prepare the virtual series-ships with systematically different spiral loop widths, and carry out numerical simulation on Z-test to examine the yaw-checking and course-keeping ability of the series-ships in terms of overshoot angles. Then, simulator experiment is carried out to grasp the correlation between known manoeuvrability and degree of manoeuvring difficulty felt by pilots. Finally, the IMO's standards are discussed, and revised criteria are proposed and compared each to each in view of degree of manoeuvring difficulty
Table 1 shows principal dimensions of three actualships. The authors prepare three models of series-ships with different, systematic manoeuvrability. In this paper, four linear hull derivatives will change gradually their value for consideration of stem frame line, such as U or V shape of stem body.
In this paper, four linear hull derivatives will change gradually their value for consideration of stem frame line, such as U or V shape of stem body. In order to realize this, the authors refer to the experimental result on the effect of stem frame shape on linear derivatives, which was carried out in SR221 project[3]. And simultaneously rudder area ratios will also change gradually their value for consideration of profile effect at stem.
(5). The model originated from Takashina's experimental study[5] and was modified in view of practical use. Comparing Eq.
The initial speed of series-ship is the same as design speed of actual-ship shown in Table 1. The simulation result tells us that the spiral loop width has strong correlation with the 1st overshoot angle of 10 deg Z-test. The 2nd overshoot angle of 10 deg Z-test is about 2 or 2.
The authors carry out simulator experiment in order to grasp correlation between overshoot angles provided in IMO's standards and the degree of manoeuvring difficulty felt by operators. The shiphandling simulator has been constructed by the authors for this purpose.
Through the simulator study using three models of series-ships with the different spiral loop width, the authors have reviewed IMO's ship manoeuvrability standards particularly focusing the criterion for yaw-checking and course-keeping ability. As far as the present simulator study is concerned, the major concluding remarks are pointed out as follows.

대상 데이터

Only rudder command is allowed and operator issues the order to helmsman orally. Six ship operators participate in the simulator experiment. Five operators are pilots on service in Korea, who have pilotage experience of one to five years after serving on merchant ships for about 10 years or more.
Before the simulator experiment, brief explanation is given to operators on purpose of experiment, tested ships, waterway, external environment, mission to shiphandling and so on. Simulator experiment is executed using three models of series-ships, such as training ship, container ship and bulk carrier series models. Fig.

이론/모형

In this paper, the modular-type mathematical model is employed for prediction of manoeuvrability in numerical simulation and in simulator experiment as well. The mathematical model is summarized as follows.

성능/효과

1.Overshoot angle of Z~test can be well used not only a오 index of yaw-checking, but also as index of course-keeping ability.
3.Revised criteria on yaw-checking and course-keeping ability are proposed in view of degree of manoeuvring difficulty.
4.Even though spiral loop widths are the same among three models of series-ships, fairway passing of ships with large L/V, on the whole, is more difficult than that of ships with small L/V.

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[국내논문] A Simulator Study on Yaw-checking and Course-keeping Ability of Directionally Unstable Ships
침로불안정한 선학의 변침 및 보침 성능에 관한 시뮬레이터 연구 원문보기

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[국내논문] A Simulator Study on Yaw-checking and Course-keeping Ability of Directionally Unstable Ships 침로불안정한 선학의 변침 및 보침 성능에 관한 시뮬레이터 연구 원문보기

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[국내논문] A Simulator Study on Yaw-checking and Course-keeping Ability of Directionally Unstable Ships
침로불안정한 선학의 변침 및 보침 성능에 관한 시뮬레이터 연구 원문보기

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