Plasma gasification reactor
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
공개
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0378184
(2009-02-11)
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공개번호 |
US-0199560
(2010-08-12)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Dighe, Shyam V.
- Darr, Mark F.
- Martorell, Ivan A.
- van Nierop, Pieter
- Gorodetsky, Aleksandr
- Bower, Richard Dale
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
0 인용 특허 :
0 |
초록
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A plasma gasification reactor vessel having a top section with a conical wall extending up from a bottom section, containing a carbonaceous bed into which plasma is injected by plasma torches, to a roof of the vessel is arranged in ways that can contribute to characteristics of gas flow and solids r
A plasma gasification reactor vessel having a top section with a conical wall extending up from a bottom section, containing a carbonaceous bed into which plasma is injected by plasma torches, to a roof of the vessel is arranged in ways that can contribute to characteristics of gas flow and solids residence time that are favorable for thoroughness of reactions and yield of useful reactions products. In some cases, such a conical wall is combined in arrangements with other features such as one or more feed ports arranged to give more uniform distribution including examples with a feed port that has a distributive feed mechanism. The roof of the vessel, in some examples, has vertical outlet ports that include intrusions into the interior volume of the reactor proximate the conical wall of the top section. The configurations of outlet ports with intrusions and the configurations of feed ports for more uniform distribution of feed material are also applicable to reactor vessels with other geometries.
대표청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A plasma gasification reactor comprising: a vertically oriented reactor vessel including a bottom section and a top section; the bottom section containing a carbonaceous bed and arranged with one or more plasma torch ports containing, in each port, a plasma torch with a capab
What is claimed is: 1. A plasma gasification reactor comprising: a vertically oriented reactor vessel including a bottom section and a top section; the bottom section containing a carbonaceous bed and arranged with one or more plasma torch ports containing, in each port, a plasma torch with a capability of the one or more plasma torches of establishing an elevated temperature within the bed of at least about 600° C.; the top section extending from the bottom section to a roof over and joined with the top section; one or more gas outlet ports from the vessel; and the vessel also including one or more feed ports for supply of feed material into the top section, which feed ports are each characterized by arrangements for distribution of feed material including one or both of a protrusion into the vessel for material to enter other than next to a wall and a distributive feed mechanism for injecting material with force, additional to gravity, into the vessel. 2. The reactor of claim 1 wherein: one or more of the feed ports extend through a side wall of the top section. 3. The reactor of claim 1 wherein: one or more of the gas outlet ports extend through the roof of the vessel. 4. The reactor of claim 1 wherein: all of the feed ports extend through a side wall of the top section; and all of the gas outlet ports extend through the roof of the vessel. 5. The reactor of claim 2 wherein: the feed ports include at least one with a distributive feed supply mechanism with a capability of dispersing feed material at varying locations within the top section relative to the position of the feed port in the side wall, and the roof of the vessel has no feed ports for supply of feed material into the vessel. 6. The reactor of claim 5 wherein: the distributive feed supply mechanism is controllable for operation to vary the location of feed material to the interior of the top section as to distance from the feed port, or angle from the feed ports or both distance and angle from the feed port. 7. The reactor of claim 3 wherein: the one or more outlet ports of the roof have a duct that extends through the roof to the exterior of the vessel and, also, has an intrusion that extends within the vessel a distance below the roof. 8. The reactor of claim 1 wherein: the feed ports include at least one through the roof with a protrusion introducing feed material at least approximately at the center axis of the top section. 9. A plasma gasification reactor vessel comprising: a bottom section that includes a space for a carbonaceous bed and has an exterior wall with one or more plasma torch parts; a top section extending vertically up from the bottom section and having a side wall; a roof covering the top section; one or more gas outlet ports in either or both the top section side wall and the roof; one or more material feed ports in either or both the top section side wall and the roof; each said feed port characterized by arrangements for distribution of feed material including one or both of a protrusion into the vessel for material to enter other than next to the top section side wall and a distributive feed mechanism for injecting material with force, additional to gravity, into the vessel; and the top section side wall has one or more tuyeres extending therethrough for process material including gases and vapors, the tuyeres being located closer to the bottom section of the vessel than the feed ports are. 10. A syngas production system including a plasma gasification reactor vessel in accordance with claim 9 wherein: the bottom section contains a carbonaceous bed and one or more plasma torches are located in respective plasma torch ports supplying plasma into the bed to heat the bed to a temperature of at least about 600° C.; the one or more feed ports into the vessel are related to one or more supplies of feed material including one or more of coal, solid waste, and biomass; the tuyeres extending through the side wall of the top section are related to one or more supplies of process material including one or more of air, oxygen, steam, and water; and, the feed ports supply process material deposited on the carbonaceous bed of the bottom section, to a depth that extends above the tuyeres of the top section, and gaseous reaction products, from reactions of the feed material, process material, and plasma fired carbonaceous bed, include carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a syngas exiting through the outlet ports. 11. The system of claim 10 wherein: the feed ports include at least one through the top section side wall with a distributive feed mechanism. 12. The system of claim 11 wherein: the distributive feed mechanism is connected with a controller for operation to vary the location of feed material to the interior of the top section as to distance from the feed port, or angle from the feed port, or both distance and angle from the feed port. 13. The system of claim 10 wherein: the feed ports include at least one through the roof with a protrusion introducing feed material at least approximately at the center of the top section.
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