A fuel cell comprising a container having at least one feed port and at least one exhaust port, and a stack of fuel cell elements contained in the container in such a manner that the circumferential faces of the stack of fuel cell elements and the inner surfaces of the container are contacted, the e
A fuel cell comprising a container having at least one feed port and at least one exhaust port, and a stack of fuel cell elements contained in the container in such a manner that the circumferential faces of the stack of fuel cell elements and the inner surfaces of the container are contacted, the element comprising a cathode layer, an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer, with the electrolyte layer being interposed between the cathode and anode layers, and a mixed gas containing a fuel gas and oxygen being fed to the fuel cell from the feed port, and an exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust port, wherein packing materials are filled in each of the spaces between the feed port and the stack of fuel cell elements and between the stack of fuel cell elements and the exhaust port, and wherein there is a gap between the adjacent packing materials, at which gap the mixed fuel gas cannot be ignited at the operating condition of the fuel cell even if the mixed fuel gas has an oxygen concentration within the ignition limits for the mixed fuel gas.
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What is claimed is: 1. A fuel cell comprising a container having at least one feed port and at least one exhaust port, and a stack of fuel cell elements contained in the container in such a manner that the circumferential faces of the stack of fuel cell elements and the inner surfaces of the contai
What is claimed is: 1. A fuel cell comprising a container having at least one feed port and at least one exhaust port, and a stack of fuel cell elements contained in the container in such a manner that the circumferential faces of the stack of fuel cell elements and the inner surfaces of the container are contacted, the element comprising a cathode layer, an anode layer, and an electrolyte layer, with the electrolyte layer being interposed between the cathode and anode layers, and a mixed gas containing a fuel gas and oxygen being fed to the fuel cell from the feed port, and an exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust port, wherein there are spaces between the feed port and the stack of fuel cell elements and between the stack of fuel cell elements and the exhaust port, wherein packing materials are filled in each of the spaces between the feed port and the stack of fuel cell elements and between the stack of fuel cell elements and the exhaust port, and wherein there is a gap between adjacent packing materials, at which gap the mixed fuel gas cannot be ignited at the operating condition of the fuel cell even if the mixed fuel gas has an oxygen concentration within ignition limits for the mixed fuel gas. 2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the gap between the adjacent packing materials is smaller than the quenching distance for the mixed fuel gas having an oxygen concentration within the ignition limits. 3. The fuel cell of claim 2, wherein the maximum gap between the packing materials is equal to or smaller than the quenching diameter for the mixed fuel gas. 4. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein a heater is provided to heat a portion of the container where the stack of fuel cell elements is contained, and cooling means is provided to cool the spaces of the fuel cell in which the packing materials are filled. 5. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the packing material is a powder particle, a porous body, or a small tube made of a metal or a ceramic which is stable at the operating conditions of the fuel cell. 6. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the packing material is a powder particle having a diameter of 50 to 1,000 micrometers. 7. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the packing material is a porous body having an open porosity of 50% or larger. 8. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the packing material is a tube having an inner diameter of 100 to 200 micrometers. 9. The fuel cell of claim 8, wherein the tubes are filled in the spaces so as to be arranged in the direction of the flow of the mixed fuel gas. 10. The fuel cell of claim 8, wherein the tubes are filled in the spaces at random. 11. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the packing material is formed of a metal selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Te, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Pt and Au or an alloy of two or more of them, or is formed of a ceramic comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Si and Zr. 12. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the stack of fuel cell elements is formed of the fuel cell elements stacked in such a manner that the cathode layer of one element and the anode layer of another element are in direct contact with each other. 13. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein at least the cathode and anode layers of the stack of fuel cell elements are porous, and wherein the stack of fuel cell elements is contained in the container so that the layers of the stack of fuel cell elements are parallel to the direction of flow of the mixed fuel gas flowing from the feed port to the exhaust port. 14. The fuel cell of claim 13, wherein the porous layers have an open porosity equal to or greater than 20%. 15. The fuel cell of claim 13, wherein the porous layers have an open porosity of 30 to 70%. 16. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode, anode and electrolyte layers of the stack of fuel cell elements are porous, and wherein the stack of fuel cell elements is contained in the container so that the layers of the stack of fuel cell elements are perpendicular to the direction of flow of the mixed fuel gas flowing from the feed port to the exhaust port. 17. The fuel cell of claim 16, wherein the porous layers have an open porosity equal to or greater than 20%. 18. The fuel cell of claim 16, wherein the porous layers have an open porosity of 30 to 70%. 19. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode layer is formed of a manganite, gallate or cobaltite compound of lanthanum to which an element of group III of the periodic table is added. 20. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the anode layer is formed of a body supporting nickel cermet or platinum to which an electrolyte forming the electrolyte layer is added. 21. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte layer is formed of a zirconia which is partially stabilized by an element of group III of the periodic table, or a cerium oxide which is doped with lanthanide. 22. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein a single fuel cell element is used in place of the stack of fuel cell elements.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Faita Giuseppe (Novara ITX) Mantegazza Claudio (Saronno ITX), Electrochemical cell provided with ion exchange membranes and bipolar metal plates.
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