초록 ▼

본 연구는 농업분야에서 그 활용범위가 확산되고 있는 RS, GIS, GPS기술을 이용하여 광범위한 농촌지역에서의 자원 및 환경관련 정보를 효율적으로 수집ㆍ분석ㆍ생성하는 방법을 정립하고, 나아가 농업을 시스템적인 측면에서 관리하기 위하여 필요한 정보예측기법들을 개발하므로서 농업의 발전방향 제시 및 정보화에 기여하는 것이며 연구의 세부내용은 다음과 같다.
1. 농촌지역의 수자원관련 시설조사 및 자료수집기법 개발
GPS 장비를 이용하여 농촌지역 수자원 시설에 대한 현장조사 기법을 정립하고, 조사대상 지역에서 수자원시설에 대한

본 연구는 농업분야에서 그 활용범위가 확산되고 있는 RS, GIS, GPS기술을 이용하여 광범위한 농촌지역에서의 자원 및 환경관련 정보를 효율적으로 수집ㆍ분석ㆍ생성하는 방법을 정립하고, 나아가 농업을 시스템적인 측면에서 관리하기 위하여 필요한 정보예측기법들을 개발하므로서 농업의 발전방향 제시 및 정보화에 기여하는 것이며 연구의 세부내용은 다음과 같다.
1. 농촌지역의 수자원관련 시설조사 및 자료수집기법 개발
GPS 장비를 이용하여 농촌지역 수자원 시설에 대한 현장조사 기법을 정립하고, 조사대상 지역에서 수자원시설에 대한 현장 조사하여 그 결과를 GIS 내에서 관리할 수 있는 방법을 정립하였다. 또한 수자원 관련 자료의 경우 하천 수위, 지하수위, 그리고 토양 수분에 대해서 효율적인 자료수집과 관리방안을 정립하였다.
2. RS, GIS를 이용한 기상관련정보 생성 및 예측기법 개발
안성천 평택수위관측소 상류유역(585.13km²)을 대상으로 지구관측위성영상을 분석하여 토지의 피복상태, 식생, 지표 열 환경분포 상황을 분석하고, 1:25,000 지형도를 기본도로 하여 유역특성인자에 대한 자료를 분석한다. 무인기상관측시스템(Automatic Weather Station: AWS)의 기상 점자료를 이용한 기상정보의 framework data를 구축하고 도면 지형도 및 수 치지형도를 이용하여 수치주제도를 작성한 후 수치지형모델(Digital Terrain Model)을 구축함으로서 기상특성의 공간적 분석이 가능하도록 하였다.
3. RS, GIS를 이용한 농촌지역 자원ㆍ환경관련 정보 생성 및 예측기법 개발
<저해상도 부문>
광역적 관측이 가능한 NOAA/AVHRR로 부터 식생지수인 NDVI를 이용하여 식생해석을 실시하고, 식생을 정량화하여 표현하는 NDVI와 증발산량과의 상관관계로부터 위성자료를 이용하여 증발산량을 추정하는 방법을 채택하여 우리나라의 증발산량을 산정하였다. 또한 광역적인 물수지를 규명하기 위하여 기후학적 물수지 모형을 이용하여 우리나라의 물수지를 규명 하였다.
4. RS, GIS를 이용한 농촌지역 자원ㆍ환경관련 정보 생성 및 예측기법 개발
<고해상도 부문>
안성천 평택수위관측소 상류유역을 대상으로 과거로부터 최근까지 20여년 간의 Landsat TM 인공위성영상을 이용하여 유역내 토지이용의 변화양상을 분석하고, 수문분석을 위한 GIS자료인 수치고도모델, 하천도, 토양도, 유역경계도, 행정구역도, 지하수위도, 기상분포도 등을 작성하였다. 또한, 대상유역을 일정한 크기의 격자로 구성하고 개개의 격자마다 지표면 및 지표하의 일단위 물수지를 계산하므로서 유역 전체의 시간적ㆍ공간적 수자원 변동량을 파악할 수 있도록 하는 전형적인 분포형 연속 수문모형(distributed continuous hydrologic model)을 개발 및 적용하였다.

Abstract ▼

1. Development of Investigation and Collection Techniques of Rural Water Resources Related Facilities
Efficient management and use of water resources require data collection of related facilities based on well-defined methodologies. In spite of their importance, there are few systematic methodolo

1. Development of Investigation and Collection Techniques of Rural Water Resources Related Facilities
Efficient management and use of water resources require data collection of related facilities based on well-defined methodologies. In spite of their importance, there are few systematic methodologies on periodic collection of data for water resources facilities. In this study, a systematic methodologies on data collection is provided for water resources facilities, particularly in rural area. The results indicated that data collection for the facilities could be achieved using GPS(Global Positioning System) and the data collected could be managed under GIS (Geographic Information System) environment. Field investigation on water-ways was found to be made efficiently using GPS receiver. Accuracy of spatial data collected by the receiver could be improved by post- DGPS processes.
Data for water resources facilities could be efficiently managed in GIS. Database was constructed to include permanent data and transient data. Permanent data consisted of specification of each facility such as length, width, construction year, locations of weir and sluice gate, and so forth. Transient data, for irrigation canal cases, was composed of locations and sections that require repairs. Another type of transient data is those collected at particular points over a long period of time such as stream stages and soil moisture contents. These data might be incorporated into either the database in GIS or a commercial spreadsheet software, depending on the purpose of their analyses.
Spatial information could be imported to and efficiently processed in GIS ArcGISTM was used in data management in this study. Whatever the GIS software is used, integrated database structures need to be defined for water resources facilities. The database structure should be constructed based on a unified code system so. that existing databases could be incorporated. Once the integrated. database is established, planning and management of water resource facilities and their management would be more efficient through periodic updating transient data.
2. Development of Production and Prediction Techniques of Meteorological Data of Rural Areas
For last some decades the meteorology in agriculture areas has bee certainly changed while the structure of agriculture areas have been constantly changed because of lumbering, bringing under cultivation, constructing habitation and so on. Moreover. although the study on predicting meteorology environment in global scale is surely performed, the study in local scale has been still insufficient.
Therefore, the long term studies about agriculture areas especially the detection of land use change, the detection of meteorology change, and the efficient plan of water use should be performed.
In this study the spatial technologies such as RS(Remote Sensing) and GIS (Geographic Information System) have been used to collect much datum in wide agriculture areas, to construct the various these datum in digital, and to acquire the analysis result through handling spatial data.
The result of this study will expect to help to construct. our domestic long term agriculture preservation plan.
3. Development of Production and Prediction of Rural Water Resources Related Information Using GIS and RS (Low Spatial Resolution)
Water is one of the most precious natural resources and now water management problems represent a key area of applied science concerned with the current worldwide economic and ecological situations. The unbalance between water demands and natural supplies in space and time is a common problem in most regions. It is generally found that periods of the highest precipitation do not coincide with periods of maximum water demands.
Climatic water-budget bookkeeping technique has been successfully employed over the years to provide quantitative information applicable to a wide variety of hydroclimatic problems. Accurate quantitative knowledge of the components of hydrological cycle such as precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, runoff, etc., is of basic importance in assessment of water resources. Although evapotranspiration is one of the most important factors in water balance and water resources planning, it is very difficult to estimate actual evapotranspiration by consideration of regional characteristics of topography or landuse. But, evapotranspiration data sets are still required as stated above for water resources analysis. Here, a direct method for estimating actual evapotranspiration is proposed using NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) calculated from NOAA/AVHRR data, and detailed distributions of water balance are evaluated by using evapotranspiration data sets over Korea.
Water balance models were introduced originally to evaluate the importance of different hydrological parameters under a variety of hydrologic conditions. This technique is very simple and uses long term average monthly precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil and vegetation characteristics. Therefore it is applicable in those parts that are monitored poorly and can indicate seasonal trends in rainfall, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, irrigation need, and runoff. Since its introduction, the water balance approach has become one of the most versatile and widely used tools for the environmental and hydrological analysis.
A comparison of water supply with the climatic demand for water brings the information on the amount of water stored under various conditions. The water deficit was defined as the difference between the climatic water demand and the actual water loss, and the water surplus as the excess of moisture beyond what plants need when the soil capillaries are recharged with water. Water deficit is the amount of water that must be supplied by the irrigation to keep vegetation growing at an optimum rate. On the other hand, surplus is the moisture that will ultimately percolate to the water table and be lost as stream flow.
This study presents an alternative approach for estimating land surface evapotranspiration and water balance based on remote sensing techniques. The results suggest that there is a possibility to assess the changes of hydrologic quantities in the past and the future by adopting remote sensing.
4. Development of Production and Prediction of Rural Water Resources Related Information Using GIS and RS (Relatively High Spatial Resolution)
The purpose of this study is to develop a process of assessing and predicting rural resources related information using GIS (Geographical Information System) and RS (Remote Sensing) techniques. Anseong-cheon watershed (582.9 km²) about 70 km away from Seoul in the south direction was selected. By the government statistics, the forest and paddy areas of the watershed has decreased by the gradual urbanization. Land cover of 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999 Landsat TM images were classified by maximum likelihood method with 94.72 % overall accuracy. During the 4 sampled years, it was observed that the urban area and grassland increased 35.4 km² (6.0 %) and 6.7 km² (1.2 %), respectively. The grassland was developed mainly as golf courses and pasture of livestock farm. According to the increase of urban and grassland areas, forest and paddy field area decreased 28.4 km² (-4.8 %) and 23.7 km² (-4.0 %) during the past 15 years.
GIS describe the spatial environment. Managing rural water resources is the functioning of hydrological and environmental processes. To assess and predict rural water resources related information, bum DEM, stream network, soil physical information, Thiessen polygon network, groundwater level distribution, watershed & administration boundaries were prepared from NGIS 1:5,000 scale digital map, 1:50,000 scale digital soil map and reference data.
A grid-based daily soil moisture routing model was developed to predict temporal variations and spatial distributions of water balance components such as surface/subsurface runoff, soil moisture content, evapotranspiration. This model adopts single flowpath algorithm and uses linear reservoir assumption to predict runoff components. Predicted streamflows resulting from three years (2000 to 2002) daily data were compared with those observed at the watershed outlet, and the spatially distributed results of soil moisture were also compared at 10 selected sites and presented by using GRASS(US Army CERL, 1993). The model successfully predicted groundwater recharge as resonable values. The result of model application for the effect of streamflow by impervious land cover increase predicted the decrease of base flow of stream discharge, thus it causes the dry flow of stream during low flow periods.

목차 Contents

• 제 1 장 서 론...16
• 제 1 절 연구 배경...17
• 제 2 절 연구개발 목표 및 내용...22
• 제 3 절 추진전략 체계...30
• 제 4 절 연구원 편성표...31
• 제 2 장 농촌지역의 수자원관련 시설 조사 및 자료수집기법 개발...35
• 제 1 절 연구배경 및 목적...36
• 제 2 절 농촌지역의 수자원관련 시설 및 자료의 특성...37
• 제 3 절 GPS를 이용한 조사기법...40
• 제 4 절 연구대상 지역에서의 적용...44
• 제 5 절 수자원관련 시설조사 및 자료수집 기법...74
• 제 6 절 요약 및 결론...78
• 제 3 장 RS, GIS를 이용한 기상관련정보 생성 및 예측기법 개발...80
• 제 1 절 서 론...81
• 제 2 절 국내외 기술개발 현황...86
• 제 3 절 RS, GIS를 이용한 기본 주제도 작성...88
• 제 4 절 AWS 자료를 이용한 기상관련정보의 특성 분석...101
• 제 5 절 기상예측알고리즘 개발을 위한 공간특성 분석...105
• 제 6 절 요약 및 고찰...114
• 제 4 장 RS, GIS를 이용한 농촌지역 자원· 환경관련 정보 생성 및 예측기법 개발(저해상도 부문)...115
• 제 1 절 연구배경 및 목적...116
• 제 2 절 원격탐사의 활용성...117
• 제 3 절 식생지수(Normailzed Difference Vegetation Index)...124
• 제 4 절 증발산량 산정 모형...133
• 제 5 절 광역물수지 모형...150
• 제 6 절 결론...171
• 제 5 장 RS, GIS를 이용한 농촌지역 자원·환경관련 정보 생성 및 예측기법 개발(고해상도 부문)...172
• 제 1 절 연구배경 및 목적...173
• 제 2 절 연구대상지역 개요...174
• 제 3 절 RS를 이용한 농촌수자원 관련정보의 평가...175
• 제 4 절 RS, GIS를 이용한 농촌수자원 관련정보의 생성...184
• 제 5 절 RS, GIS를 이용한 농촌수자원 관련정보 예측기법 개발...205
• 제 6 절 결론...238
• 제 6 장 종합결론...242
• 참고문헌...246