초록 ▼

1. 연구개발 내용
현행 수 처리공법으로 잘 처리되지 않는 COD, BOD성 오염물질, 질소 및 인을 동시에 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 굴패각과 zeolite를 폐수처리용 담체로 개발하여 유기성 오염물질, 질소 및 인을 동시에 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 수산가공폐수 처리기술을 개발하였으며 수산가공폐수 처리시 발생되는 슬러지중에는 유기물, 질소 및 인등의 무기성분이 다량 함유되어 있어 유기질비료로서 재활용이 가능할 것으로 판단하고 본 수산가공폐수 슬러지의 퇴비화기술을 개발하였으며, 생산된 퇴비의 작물 시용효과 시험을 수행하였다.

1. 연구개발 내용
현행 수 처리공법으로 잘 처리되지 않는 COD, BOD성 오염물질, 질소 및 인을 동시에 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 굴패각과 zeolite를 폐수처리용 담체로 개발하여 유기성 오염물질, 질소 및 인을 동시에 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 수산가공폐수 처리기술을 개발하였으며 수산가공폐수 처리시 발생되는 슬러지중에는 유기물, 질소 및 인등의 무기성분이 다량 함유되어 있어 유기질비료로서 재활용이 가능할 것으로 판단하고 본 수산가공폐수 슬러지의 퇴비화기술을 개발하였으며, 생산된 퇴비의 작물 시용효과 시험을 수행하였다.
2. 연구개발 범위
가. 현장 수산가공폐수 처리기술 개발을 위한 기초실험
1) 현장 수산가공폐수 분석
2) 굴패각의 인 흡착량 조사
3) Zeolite의 질소 흡착량 조사
4) 현장 수산가공폐수 처리를 위한 활성슬러지법에 굴패각 투여 효과
5) 현장 수산가공폐수 처리를 위한 활성슬러지법에 zeolite 투여 효과
나. 현장 수산가공폐수의 질소, 인 동시처리를 위한 굴패각 및 zeolite
이용기술개발
1) 간헐폭기운전에 zeolite와 굴패각이 미치는 영향 조사
2) 굴패각 zeolite 동시처리에 의한 폐수처리효율 평가
3) 최적처리조건 및 설계인자 제시
다. 수산가공폐수의 질소, 인 동시처리 실용화
1) 실제 수산가공폐수처리장 적용실험
2) 폭기 및 비폭기 시간에 따른 처리효율 적용성 평가
3) 굴패각 담체 주입시 처리효율 평가
4) 최적 운전조건과 설계인자 도출
라. 수산가공폐수 슬러지의 퇴비화를 위한 기초 실험
1) 슬러지의 비료적 가치 분석
2) 소형퇴비화조 설계, 제작 및 시운전
3) 퇴비화 최적조건 구명
가) 퇴비화 미생물 첨가유무 및 초기 C/N율 조절에 따른 최적조건
나) 초기수분 및 공기주입량 조절에 따른 최적조건
다) zeolite 및 가축분 첨가율에 따른 최적조건
마. 현장 수산가공폐수 슬러지의 퇴비화
1) 현장 퇴비화조 시운전 및 운영
2) 퇴비화 과정중 이화학적 특성 변화 조사
3) 퇴비화 과정중 물질 변화 조사
바. 생산된 퇴비의 작물 효과시험
1) 공시 작물(품종) : 옥수수(골든크로스 반탐), 배추(노랑 봄 배추)
공시퇴비 : 현장 수산가공폐수 슬러지의 퇴비화 실험(2년차 연구)에서 생산 된 퇴비 4종류
공시토양 : 일반 전 토양
2) 처리내용 및 시험방법
가) 처리내용 : 무비구, 삼요소구, 각 퇴비 1,500kg/10a, 삼요소+각 퇴비 1,500kg/10a, 총 10개 처리구, 4반복
나) 시험방법 : 포장 실험(실험구 크기 : $1.8m{\times}1.8m$)

Abstract ▼

Following results are obtained in 1st project year. The characteristics of seafood wastewater were varied by the raw materials used. The compositions of seafood wastewater investigated were as following; CODMn was in the range of 520 to 1360mg/$\ell$, BOD was 1150 to 3600mg/$\ell$

Following results are obtained in 1st project year. The characteristics of seafood wastewater were varied by the raw materials used. The compositions of seafood wastewater investigated were as following; CODMn was in the range of 520 to 1360mg/$\ell$, BOD was 1150 to 3600mg/$\ell$, T-N was 275 to 810mg/$\ell$, T-P was 77 to 238mg/$\ell$ and NaCl was 3000 to 7000mg/$\ell$. The seafood wastewater contained high concentration of T-N and T-P compared to COD and BOD. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, X/M = 0.004413C12.438, was obtained by batch adsorption tests for the removal of T-P from seafood wastewater with oyster shell powder. And the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, X/M = 0.1033C1.3678, was obtained by batch adsorption tests for the removal of NH3 from seafood wastewater with zeolite powder.
The following results were obtained by batch activated tests (a process of activated sludge, activated sludge with oyster shell powder and activated sludge with zeolite powder) for seafood wastewater treatment. The experiments of settling tests shown that the activated sludge with oyster shell powder gave the lowest value of SVI (sludge volume index). The process of activated sludge with oyster shell powder shown the highest removal efficiencies of BOD and T-P. However, the process of activated sludge with zeolite powder shown the highest T-N removal efficiency.
The continuos activated sludge experiment shown that removal efficiencies of BOD and COD were improved by addition of oyster shell powder and zeolite powder. Considering removal efficiencies of BOD and COD, the following oder were obtained; the process of activated sludge with zeolite > the process of activated sludge with oyster shell powder > the process of activated sludge with zeolite and oyster shell powder> the process of activated sludge. However, a process with zeolite powder shown the highest removal efficiency of T-N and a process with zeolite + oyster shell powder show the of highest removal efficiency of T-P. The experiments of settling and sludge thickening tests shown that a process with oyster shell powder was beneficial.
In order to improve the removal of T-N and T-P in seafood wastewater treatment, intermittently aerated activated sludge processes were investigated in 2nd project year. Four reactors, an intermittently aerated activated sludge process (A), an intermittently aerated activated sludge with oyster shell powder (B), an intermittently aerated activated sludge with zeolite powder (C), and an intermittently aerated activated sludge with oyster shell and zeolite powder (D) were operated simultaneously. Effects of SRT and time of aeration and nonaeration were investigated. Considering organic removal, intermittently aerated activated sludge process shown slightly higher removal efficiency than the aerated activated sludge process. And the removal efficiencies of organic were improved by increasing SRT. Average T-N removal efficiencies of the intermittently activated sludge and the activated sludge were 57% and 18%, respectively. An intermittently aerated activated sludge with zeolite powder (C) shown the highest T-N rmoval efficiency. And the removal efficiencies of T-N were improved by increasing SRT also. To find optimum aeration and nonaeration time, several experiments of aeration and nonaeration time (60/60, 120/60, and 120/120 minutes) were conducted. Considering T-N removal efficiency, 120/120 minutes shown the best results. T-P removal efficiency of the intermittently aerated activated sludge process was 20% higher than that of the aerated activated sludge process. An intermittently aerated activated sludge with oyster shell powder (B) shown the highest T-P removal efficiency.
In 3rd projects year, experiments were conducted in an actual seafood wastewater treatment plant. The actual seafood wastewater treatment plant had been operated with average F/M ratio of 0.037kg BOD/kg MLVSS·Day, and BOD load of 0.339kg BOD/$m^3$.Day. And $6m^3$ of sludge had been disposed weekly because of disposal difficulties so that long SRT of 200 day was maintained. At the beginning of operation, the removal efficiency of T-N was 40%. The removal efficiency of T-N was improved to 70% by retrofit with oyster shell media submerged (10% of aeration basin) and 250 mg/l zeolite powder addition into aeration basin. And the removal efficiency of T-P was improved to 40%. Using of zeolite and activated powder in the aeration basin also increased the removal efficiencies of BOD, T-N, and T-P.
However, intermittently aerated activated and anoxic/oxic (A/O) shown the operating problem of sludge rising and unstabilized effluent and toke long time to stabilize effluent quality due to influent load changes and high MLVSS concentration in aeration basin. In order to use intermittently aerated activated and anoxic/oxic (A/O) process for seafood wastewater treatment, control of MLSS, improvement of clarifier, pilot test for adaptation possibility, and effluent requirement etc. should be checked. An improvement of clarifier could be achieved by installing inner baffles. For present application, the activated sludge with zeolite addition (250mg/l) would appropriate.
To reuse the seafood processing wastewater sludge in agricultural land, the basic examination for composting of the sludge in pilot plant, composting of the sludge in practical composting plant, and the effect of the composts on plant were investigated.
The results of the basic examination for composting of the sludge in the pilot plant were summarized as follows The carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in seafood processing wastewater sludge were 46.1%, 5.86% and 1.4%, respectively.
The optimum conditions for composting of seafood processing wastewater sludge were adjusted microorganism seeding to 5%, initial C/N ratio to 22%, initial moisture contents to 62% and air inflow rate to 200ml/$\ell$.min. In case of using zeolite as additive, zeolite was added to 10%, and in case of mixing livestock manure, seafood processing wastewater sludge was added to 50%.
The results of composting of the seafood processing wastewater sludge in practical composting plant were summarized as follows. Temperature was rapidly increased at early stage of composting, reached at the highest point of $67-76^{\circ}C$ for 3~5 days, and then decreased gradually. The compost was upset firstly, when the temperature was reached at $40-50^{\circ}C$ at 19 days after composting, and was upset secondly, when the temperature was reached at $35-42^{\circ}C$ at 40 days after composting. The third upset was conducted at 60days after composting, and then the temperature was little changed.
The loss of weight and moisture contents of the compost were down 35∼41% and 15∼23%, respectively, compared with early stage of composting. The pH of the compost during composting period was decreased for the first one day, then increased sharply by 13∼19days after composting, after that, was kept constant, and then was up to pH 8.2∼9.2 by the terminal of composting period.
The contents of total organic matters in the compost were down 4.5∼8.0%, compared with the early stage of the composting. Ether extractable materials, resins and hemicellulose contents of the organic matters were decreased with 35∼77%, 32∼69% and 19∼30%, respectively, compared with the early stage of the composting. And cellulose, lignins and unknown materials contents in the organic matters were increased a little, but water soluble polysaccharides of organic matters were little changed, compared with the early stage of the composting.
Total nitrogen, amino sugar and amino acid nitrogen contents of the compost were decreased with 20∼42%, 11∼49% and 23∼65%, respectively, compared with the early stage of the composting.
The contents of humic acid in the compost were little changed, but contents of fulvic acid and Δlog k in the compost were decreased gradually during composting period.
Germination ratio of radish, chinese cabbage and cucumber were over 90%, when the compost produced at 30 days after composting was tested on plant germination.
The results of the effect of the composts made from the seafood processing wastewater sludge on plant were summarized as follows.
In case of corn treated by the seafood processing wastewater composts, the contents of pH, EC, T-N, SO4, K and Mg in soil were increased a little, and those of organic matters, P2O5 and Ca in soil were little changed by application of the composts compared with NPK plot.
The contents of nitrogen, P2O5, K2O, CaO and MgO in stem and leaves of corn plant were little changed, but the height, number of leaves and diameter of corn plant were increased a little by the application of the composts compared with NPK plot.
The corn yields were increased with 8, 15, 9, and 8% at the plot of 100% of the seafood processing wastewater sludge compost, 75%sludge+25%livestock manure compost, 50% sludge+50%livestock manure compost and 100% of the livestock manure compost, respectively, compared with NPK plot.
In case of chinese cabbage treated by the seafood processing wastewater composts, the contents of pH, EC, organic matter, P2O5, T-N, SO4, K and Mg in soil were increased a little, but the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni in soil were not changed by application of the composts compared with NPK plot.
The contents of nitrogen, P2O5, K2O, CaO, MgO, Fe and Mn in chinese cabbage were little changed, but the contents of chlorophyll-a were increased at the early stage of growth by application of the composts compared with NPK plot.
The fresh weight of the chinese cabbage were increased with 32, 31, 41 and 44% at the plot of 100% of the seafood processing wastewater sludge compost, 75%sludge+25%livestock manure compost, 50% sludge+50%livestock manure compost and 100% of the livestock manure compost, respectively, compared with NPK plot.

목차 Contents

• 연구개발보고서요약(초록)...1
• 표지...7
• 제출문...9
• 요약문...10
• SUMMARY...20
• CONTENTS...26
• 목차...28
• 제 1 장 서 론...31
• 제 1 절 연구개발의 목적과 범위...31
• 1. 연구개발의 중요성...31
• 2. 연구개발의 목적과 범위...32
• 가. 연구개발의 목적...32
• 나. 연구개발 범위...32
• 제 2 장 수산가공 폐수처리 기술개발을 위한 기초 실험...37
• 제 1 절 서 설...37
• 제 2 절 연구수행 내용...43
• 제 3 절 연구수행 결과 및 고찰...45
• 제 4 절 요약...65
• 제 5 절 참고문헌...66