[보고서]차세대 뇌인지 측정기술 개발

보고서 정보

주관연구기관

한국표준과학연구원
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

보고서유형

1단계보고서

발행국가

대한민국

언어

한국어

발행년월

2011-10

과제시작연도

2011

주관부처

미래창조과학부
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning

과제관리전문기관

한국표준과학연구원
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science

등록번호

TRKO201300015251

과제고유번호

1345165307

사업명

한국표준과학연구원연구운영비지원

DB 구축일자

2014-01-13

키워드

뇌인지.뇌자도.신호원 분석.극저자장 자기공명.심자도.cognitive science.MEG.source localization.neural current.ultra low field NMR/MRI.MCG.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201300015251

표 Schematic diagram of KRISS stimulation system.
표 KRISS Stimulation program.
표 Sound Generator program.
표 Oddball test paradigm.
표 Various oddball test methods with LED flash. Sound setting tab (a), LED setting tab (b) and plan tab (c).
표 Auditory word stimulation with LED.
표 Auditory sentence stimulation.
표 Visual sentence Stimulation.
표 Visual stimulation using text.
표 Stimulation for measuring cognitive conflict in scientific education. Stimulation program(a), example of stimuli(b) and stimulation paradigm(c).
표 Program for memory test with eye movements.
표 Tangential dipole and Radial dipole.
표 DAQ(Data Acquisition) Board
표 EEG signal transmission via Via twin fiber optic cable ; connection between (a) amplifier and (b) PCI board side.
표 Combined MEG and EEG system. (a) electrodes attachment, (b) subjects in magnetic shield room, (c) measurement of MEG and EEG.
표 Composition of 16/19 channel EEG electrodes sets; (a) 16-ch EEG(Ag/AgCl), (b) 19-ch EEG(gold plated brass).
표 Applications for useful EEG recording ; (a) Gold electrode, (b) classification of EEG channels.
표 Instruments for EEG noise reduction ; (a) EEG set connector, (b) EEG wiring in copper tube and Ground.
표 Virtual surface margins separating the signal sources and noise sources. The SQUID sensor array is placed in a space containing no magnetic field source.
표 Magnetic field from a signal source, (b) Magnetic field from a noise source, (c) Merged magnetic field from a signal and a noise source
표 SSS outside-noise rejection result.
표 Location, strength, and orientation of the source dipoles
표 The SQUID sensor arrangement of KRISSMEG system. The center of the spherically-symmetric head conductor model is placed at the origin. The arrows indicate the location and direction of two current dipole sources.
표 Two extreme cases for the source suppression; (a) point source suppression and (b) cluster source suppression for the whole contra-lateral hemisphere.
표 Performance of source localization for coherent sources with (a) no correlated source suppression, (b) point suppression, and (c) cluster suppression. In this estimation, two sources were oscillating with an exactly same phase. The figures show the source power estimated by spatial filtering. For all the cases, the estimation plane was placed at z=50.
표 Phase distortion by interference of a coherent source. The figure indicates the degree of the phase error in the reconstructed waveform as a function of the relative phase difference between the coherent sources.
표 Power leakage by interference of a coherent source. The figure indicates the amplitude reduction in the reconstructed waveform as a function of the relative phase difference between the coherent sources.
표 Paradigm of causal question task.
표 Paradigm of conjectural question task.
표 Butterfly plot of MEG and EEG signals.
표 2D power map of MEG and EEG signals in M1 component.
표 Paradigm of task A set.
표 Paradigm of task B set.
표 MEG butterfly plot and Spectra power(t) of CCL group
표 Current Density Reconstruction(sLORETA) of CCL group at 462 ms.
표 MEG butterfly plot and Spectra power(t) of ICH group
표 Current density reconstruction(sLORETA) of ICH group at 256 ms.
표 Current density reconstruction(sLORETA) of ICH group at 444 ms.
표 Current density reconstruction(sLORETA) of ICH group at 780 ms.
표 Paradigm of eye movement task.
표 Eye-movement 's types related recall rate during task.
표 Selection of the eye-movement 's types related recall rate; after task.
표 Auditory oddball task paradigm.
표 Auditory paired stimulus paradigm.
표 Eye-movement stimulus paradigm; (a) control and (b) experimental group.
표 Word recognition task paradigm; (a) learning and (b) recall of word.
표 Morlet wavelet wave of the central frqeuncy 10 Hz, 20 Hz, 40 Hz of the time domain(left) and frequency domain(right)
표 Transformation coefficient of the 12-Hz Morlet wavelet transformed spontaneous signal, instantaneous phase, change of the phase difference with time.
표 Mean phase coherence distribution map between the all channel of MEG(case12, experimental group, eye opened resting state before eye movement).
표 Comparison of the measured mean phase coherence(blue) of the ch1 and other channels and maximum value of the mean phase coherence (red) by the surrogate data method of Fourier transform(B=19, =0.05).
표 Mean phase coherence value and the power or coupling density estimated distribution map of the before(a) and after(b) of the control group, before(c) and after(d) of the experimental group (case12)
표 Coupling network between of the before(top) and after(bottom) of the control group(a) and the experimental group(b). (case12, MPC threshold = 0.5, minimum distance = 5 cm)
표 A. Coherence network difference of the control group before and after (case12,             )
표 MEG and EEG display of epileptic patient, magnetic field map and dipole localization results at the specific time point.
표 Design of the liquid helium dewar, (a) overall layout and (b) details of the dewar bottom.
표 Photograph of the narrow-gap LHe dewar tail.
표 Change of liquid He level with time.
표 Insert body of the small animal MEG
표 Typical noise spectrum of the 4-channel system.
표 Confidence volume of mouse brain by using spherical conductor model with 36 channel SQUID for computer simulation. The dipole intensity is 2 nA·m. (a) The dipole orientation is x-axis. (b) The dipole orientation is y-axis.
표 (a) MEG dewar in a Magnetically Shielded Room (b) Rat's brain under the dewar bottom and the auditory stimulus tube.
표 Auditory evoked fields of four rats.
표 (a) Auditory evoked magnetic fields of Rat-01 at 16 locations. (b) Highlighted waveforms at 2 locations (5, 12) The intersection between the vertical line and the horizontal line indicates the stimulus-onset. Each picture overlapped four channel data respectively.
표 Fabricated Josephson junction array (a), detail image of Josephson junction array and the DROS part (b), and fabricated DROS second-order gradiometer (c). All parts of DROS second-order gradiometer except the pick up coil are wrapped with a superconducting shield. The shielded part is placed about 20 cm away from the pickup coil to reduce its influence on the pickup coil.
표 DC-SQUID and Nb shield can (a), power supply unit and FLL circuit for operating the DC-SQUID (b), and fabricated DC-SQUID second-order gradiometer (c). As same with DROS second-order gradiometer, the shielded part is placed about 20 cm away from the pickup coil to reduce its influence on the pickup coil.
표 Noise spectrum of a DROS second-order gradiometer (a), and a DC-SQUID second-order gradiometer (b) inside a magnetically shielded room.
표 The orientation of the pickup coil, pre-polarization coil, measurement coil, and sample for the ULF-NMR system (a). The pulse sequence for a DROS and a DC-SQUID based ULF-NMR system (b).
표 A single-scanned 1H NMR FID signal measured with a DROS based ULF-NMR system (a), and with a DC-SQUID based ULF-NMT system (b). The insets in (a) and (b) are FFT spectrum derived from each 1H FID signal.
표 Magnetically Shielded Room (MSR) for ULF-NMR/MRI.
표 Design diagram for the aluminum layers of a magnetically shielded room. The inner layer is separated into several plates in order to prevent eddy-current generation along the wall. The outer layer is close to block the outside magnetic field noise.
표 Design diagram for the demagnetizing coil of a magnetically shielded room. Each layer has three sets of four series coils which form a closed magnetic flux circuit along the wall. (a) The demagnetization coils are wound through holes at vertexes, (b) Each layer can be demagnetized independently.
표 (a) Schematics of the ULF-NMR/MRI equipment set-up. (b) The measurement and gradient coils system for ULF-NMR/MRI experiments.
표 Parameters of measurement and gradient coils system.
표 Driving circuit of the measurement and gradient coils system.
표 (a) Driving circuit part A of the measurement and gradient coils. (b) The communication protocol of the serial transmission and the pulse sequence. (c) The codes for Control Bit.
표 The measurement of magnetic fields; (a) Measurement field ( ), (b)  -gradient field, (c)  -gradient field and (d)  -gradient field.
표 Current vs. magnetic field; (a) Measurement field ( ), (b) -gradient field, (c)  -gradient field, and (d)  -gradient field.
표 The FFT spectrum for 2 mM TEMPO solution at 1.35 mT. Each spectrum is obtained with a one-shot measurement. Black and dark gray lines represent the cases with and without applying an rf field of 79.8 MHz, respectively.
표 Strong Bp induces eddy current in MSR.
표 Schematic pulse sequences for Bm & Bp and actual field applied on the sample due to the remanent field from the MSR subjected to the strong Bp. Remanent field exaggerated for illustration.
표 Space allocation for the inverse problem solution shown in 2D sectional representation of actual 3D spaces. (A) indicates the Bp coil. (B) indicates magnetic field cancellation space. Darker gray inside indicates actual MSR location. (C) indicates the cancellation current space in a thin cubic shell.
표 Calculation of Biot-Savart operator M from explicit application of Biot-Savart law from current elements in the cancellation current space J to elements in the field cancellation space B.
표 Inverse solution for the cancellation current density distributions and its discretization. Vertical dashed lines indicate the equal portions of the divided current density distributions. Dots below the curves are individual wire locations that mimic the inverse solution best. In this example, target currents were 2 A for the top, 10 A for the bottom, and 10 A for the side.
표 Square coil sizes, in terms of side lengths, for all individual coils on the top and the bottom. Lengths in mm.
표 Individual coil heights for the side coils, measured from the bottom of the MSR inside. All individual side square coils should measure 1900 mm on their sides. Heights in mm.
표 Performance of the cancellation coil with different discretization factors and distances from the MSR walls. (a)-(f) Magnetic fields normal to the MSR side (a&b), top (c&d), and bottom (e&f) walls with discretization factors from 1 to 5 (a&b), 10 (c&d), and 2 to 3 (e&f) with the coil 2 cm (a, c, e) and 5 cm (b, d, f) away from the wall, respectively. The left-most panels for (a)-(f) show magnetic fields without cancellation coil. Otherwise the currents applied to the cancellation coil was indicated on the upper right corner of each panel. The Bp coil current was 20 A.
표 Schematic view of discretized cancellation coil from the individual wire locations as shown in Fig. 3-19. White lines on gray indicate the top and bottom portions of the cancellation coil and black lines indicate the side portion. The cancellation current flows in the opposite direction to the Bp current.
표 Cancellation coil set inside the MSR.
표 Cancellation coil evaluation protocol. Each 40 s recording episode includes 5 s prepolarization period where the Bp coil is driven with 20 A current in positive or negative polarity. After the Bp coil is turned off rapidly, the remanent field is recorded for 32 s.
표 Bypass resistance across the cancellation coil vs. current to the coil.
표 Remanent magnetic field measurement with the fluxgate magnetometer inside the Bp coil bore. Bp coil was driven with 20 A current to generate 0.1 T in the middle of the Bp coil bore. Current to the cancellation coil was described in terms of its ratio to the current to the Bp coil. Measurements with Bp towards the MSR top in (a) and Bp towards the MSR bottom in (b). Insets show vertically expanded traces.
표 Exposing fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) to a magnetic field stronger than its range produces artifact. Traces on the right shows 5-acquisition average of alternating polarity of current driven to the small coil. The magnetic field was ramped down within 1 ms.
표 Further data supporting the long-term data being artifacts from the fluxgate being exposed to stronger magnetic fields. (a) Description of the different magnetometer positions relative to the Bp coil and the MSR sidewall. This figure is rotated 90 degrees clockwise. (b) & (c) Measured remanent fields with the magnetometer in different positions. (d) & (e) Expanded traces from (b) & (c), respectively, for better visualization of the artifacts.
표 Remanent magnetic field measurement with the fluxgate magnetometer 528 mm away from the center of the Bp coil bore towards MSR sidewall. (472 mm from the MSR inner sidewall) The Bp coil was driven with 20 A current to generate 0.1 T in the middle of the Bp coil bore. Current to the cancellation coil was described in terms of its ratio to the current to the Bp coil. Measurements with Bp towards the MSR top in (a) and Bp towards the MSR bottom in (b). Inset graphs show vertically expanded traces.
표 Multiple-exponential decay fitting of the measured remanent field. Inset graphs show the fitting in logarithmic scale for each axis, respectively.
표 Time constants used in the multiple-time constant exponential decay fitting and corresponding fitted amplitudes.
표 Cancel coil current expected to null the fitted amplitude of each time constant, for different FGM positions. Current in terms of the Bp current.
표 Multiple-time constant analysis of measured remanent field with the magnetometer in 4 different positions. (a) expected best nulling current for different times from fitted data from different magnetometer positions. (b) fitted amplitudes corresponding to the 4 relevant time constants.
표 Simple measurement scheme of a conventional ULF-NMR system (a) and superconducting pre-polarization coil integrated ULF-NMR system (b).
표 Design of concave shape liquid helium dewar (a) and fabricated concave shape liquid helium dewar for the superconducting pre-polarization coil integrated ULF-NMR/MRI system (b).
표 Fabricated insert for superconducting pre-polarization integrated ULF-NMR system.
표 Flux-voltage modulation curve (a) and noise spectrum (b) of a DROS second-order gradiometer of which the pickup coil diameter is 140 mm.
표 Superconducting wire measurement setup with coil current source controlled by a lock-in amplifier.
표 Heat dissipation measurement data for NbTi coil
표 Heat dissipation measurement data for NbTi-Cu coil
표 ULF-NMR/MRI Operation programs; (a) SQUID control part. (b) Acquisition part, and (c) Data view part.
표 Three dimensional gradient-echo pulse sequence; (a) LabView program, (b) diagram, and (c) test result.
표 Two dimensional gradient-echo pulse sequence; (a) diagram and (b) test result.
표 One dimensional gradient-echo pulse sequence; (a)diagram and (b)test result.
표 FID pulse sequence; (a) control program, (b) pulse diagram and (c) test result.
표 FID pulse sequence; (a) control program, (b) pulse diagram and (c) test result.
표 Parameters of beef samples (Korean native beef, dairy cattle beef, and american imported beef)
표 The intensity of NMR signals of each sample (Korean native beef, dairy cattle beef, and american imported beef) corresponding to the pre-polarization time
표 NMR intensities of 3 samples measured at different Bp fields and pre-polarization times.
표 Relative value of T1 relaxation times of 3 samples (Korean native beef, dairy cattle beef, and american imported beef) at Bp of 36.1 mT.
표 Principle of the heart magnetic resonance. The cyclic excitation of magnetic fields from myocardium resonates with protons near the reentry. Such magnetic resonance can be detected by a SQUID sensor.
표 Example of spin dynamics in heart magnetic resonance. (a) Sample magnetization generated along the axis of the measuring magnetic field direction (x-axis). (b) Heart magnetic resonance with a reentry will tilt the magnetization into the y-z plane, which generates a measurable magnetic field by the SQUID.
표 Schematic diagram of the heart magnetic resonance. Counterclockwise cyclic reentrant excitation on the myocardium generates oscillating magnetic fields around the region of interest (ROI). Once the corresponding Larmor frequency to the Bm static field is matched to the oscillating frequency, the magnetization that has been established by the Bp prepolarization field in the ROI begins tilting and the z-component of the magnetization precession get increased to generate Bz that can be detected by a SQUID sensor. To decouple the original reentry field detected by the SQUID sensor, the Bm is subjected to be changed non-adiabatically and the free induction decay can be measured at an arbitrary frequency with a narrow detection bandwidth.
표 Simulated magnetic fields measured by a SQUID sensor. Each trace represents the magnetic field generated by the motion of magnetization following the Bloch equations under the 10-Hz reentry at each voxel in the myocardium. Due to the resonance condition, HMR signal is getting increased. The arrow in the inlet indicates the onset of changing Bm to decouple the HMR signal from the MCG of the reentry.
표 Simulated magnetic field spectrum measured by a SQUID sensor. The 10-Hz peak is the MCG of the reentry magnetic field. The 100-Hz peak is the HMR signal which has been stepped up to an arbitrary detection frequency by changing Bm non-adiabatically. The inlet shows frequency selectivity in HMR. The plot shows the detection amplitude as a function of the Bm during the HMR process.
표 Overview of MCG system for installation.
표 Arrangement of gantry and bed installed in the MSR.
표 Arrangement dewar with gantry(a), schematic diagram of SQUID sensor position with the gantry(b).
표 Design of stress bike for MCG system(a), photograph of air control station and air connection to control the resistance of bike(b).
표 MCG signals for the exercise stress test using the stress bike made of brass(a) and aluminum(b).
표 Component of main rack with ASP and power supply.
표 Schematic diagram of power cable connection(a) and data cable connection(b).
표 Photograph of FLL circuit and cable connection
표 Photograph of FLL support connected to insert using by 99 pin flat cable.
표 Schematic diagram of optical fiber connection system control.
표 MCG system installed at Asklepios Klinik Hamburg Harburg. Magnetically shielded room(a), MCG components inside the shielded room (b), and control and analysis system(c).
표 Self-test DAQ Devices menu.
표 Warning sign when operating without system initialization.
표 Switches or menu items are disabled when they should not be used.
표 Signal processing window.
표 QRS Fragmentation score map
표 Cardiac current imaging on the spheroid heart model.
표 Comparison of cardiac current between rest(upper row) and stress(lower row) states.
표 Schematic diagram of the rat MCG measurement system.
표 MCG waveforms at the age of 4-week for WKY (a) and SHR (b).
표 MCG waveforms at the age of 6-week for WKY (a) and SHR (b).
표 MCG waveforms at the age of 9-week for WKY (a) and SHR (b).
표 Temporal variations in the MCG waveform of normal rat(WKY) injected with magnetic nano-particle fluid. Inset shows normalized overall MCG waveforms.
표 Temporal variations of peak intensity in the MCG waveforms of WKY, (a) Q-peak and (b) S-peak.
표 Temporal variations in the MCG waveforms of SHR injected with magnetic nano-particle fluid. Inset shows normalized overall MCG waveforms.
표 Temporal variations of peak intensity in the MCG waveforms of SHR, (a) Q-peak and (b) S-peak.

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