초록 ▼

□ 과제명 : 인삼․약초의 고품질 식재료 생산기술 개발
▶ 연구목적 :
인삼 및 약초의 고품질 식재료 생산기술 확립을 위하여 인삼 • 약용 식재료 대량생산시스템개발과 이를 이용한 적정 LED파장 구명, 기능성분 증진을 위한 천연활성제 선발 및 전용배지 및 양액 개발하고, 식재료 유망 약용자원 선발 및 이용기술 개발하여 인삼 • 약용 식재료 형태별 가공 이용적성 구명으로 인삼, 약초의 소비확대 및 산업활성화를 목적으로 함
▶ 주요연구내용
○ 1세부과제명 : 인삼 고품질 식재료 생산기술 개발
LED 조명에서

□ 과제명 : 인삼․약초의 고품질 식재료 생산기술 개발
▶ 연구목적 :
인삼 및 약초의 고품질 식재료 생산기술 확립을 위하여 인삼 • 약용 식재료 대량생산시스템개발과 이를 이용한 적정 LED파장 구명, 기능성분 증진을 위한 천연활성제 선발 및 전용배지 및 양액 개발하고, 식재료 유망 약용자원 선발 및 이용기술 개발하여 인삼 • 약용 식재료 형태별 가공 이용적성 구명으로 인삼, 약초의 소비확대 및 산업활성화를 목적으로 함
▶ 주요연구내용
○ 1세부과제명 : 인삼 고품질 식재료 생산기술 개발
LED 조명에서 60일 재배 후 인삼 잎의 총 ginsenoside 함량이 15~20% 였으며, 120일 재배는 10~26%로 일부 파장은 감소하였으나 일부 파장은 증가하는 경향을 보여 파장간 차이가 많았다. 특히 Red 3 : Green 1: Blue 1 평판LED에서 엽내 총 ginsenoside 함량이 26%로 현저히 증가하여 LED 인공광에 의한 사포닌 증가효과가 크게 인정되었다.
활성물질에 따른 수경인삼 뿌리의 총 ginsenoside 함량은 60일 재배시 1단 베드는 1.0~1.4%범위였으며, 2단 베드는 1.3~1.4%로 1단에 비하여 다소 높은 경향이었다. 1단 베드 뿌리의 Ginsenoside 종류별 함량은 Rg1이 0.4% 내외로 가장 높게 나타났고 Rc> Rb1> Re 순으로 나타났다. 2단 베드의 경우 1단과 마찬가지로 뿌리는 Rg1이 0.44%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 Rc와 Rb1은 0.27~0.24% 범위로 나타났다.
잎은 Rg1이 6.14%로 가장 함량이 높게 나타났고 Rd는 3.3%로 나타났으며 Re와 Rc, Rb1은 1.35, 1.2, 1.24%로 비슷하게 나타났다.
60일후 수확에서 1단 베드 잎의 총 ginsenoside 함량은 12~14% 내외였으나 2단 베드는 14~15%로 다소 증가하였다. 줄기도 60일 재배시 총사포닌 함량은 1.8~2.3%였으나 120일 재배 후에는 2.4~2.7%로 증가하였다
적정 배지선발 시험에서 정식 120일후 생육조사결과 M1, M2, M4배지가 근중, 생체중 등 생육이 양호하였고 생리장해로 인한 고사주율 및 생리장해로 인한 잎마름면적율이 낮게 나타났으며, M1, M2가 근중, 생체중 등 생육이 양호하였고 생리장해로 인한 고사주율 및 잎마름 면적율이 4~2%로 낮게 나타났으나, M3배지는 32%로 높게 나타났으며, M5배지는 55%로 심하게 나타났다.
1단 베드에서 60일 재배 후 근경의 total ginsenoside 함량은 M2, M4, M5배지가 1.62% 내외로 높게 나타났고 M1, M3는 1.37% 내외로 나타났다. 근경내 성분별로는 Rg1> Rc> Rb1> Re> Rd 순이었고, 잎은 Rg1> Rd> Re> Rc> Rb2 순이었으며 줄기는 Rg1> Re> Rd> Rg2> Rb2 순으로 나타났다. 인삼 잎의 경우 M3배지가 12.9%로 가장 높게 나타났고, M4배지 12.1%로 나타났다, 줄기의 경우는 M2배지가 1.77%로 근경보다 높게 나타났고 M1배지가 1.57%정도 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
○ 2세부과제명 : 식재료 유망 약용자원 선발 및 이용기술 개발
약용식물자원으로부터 식용 가능한 약용식물을 선발하기 위하여 대한약전을 조사한 결과, 수재된 식품이용 가능 약용식물은 142품목이었으며, 세부적으로 약용작물 46품목, 약용식물 38품목, 과실류 19품목, 수목류 14품목, 특용작물 10품목, 향신료 8 품목, 채소류 7품목으로 구분 할 수 있었다
새싹용 선발작물인 율무를 상자에 재배시 파종량은 3,000립이며, 복토 깊이는 9cm로 파종한 후 차광을 하며, 수확시기는 본엽이 전개전이 적합 하였다.
쌈채소용 선발작물 삽주의 적정수확 시기는 잎 두께가 0.46㎜로 잎이 부드럽고, 쓴맛이 없으며 씹힘성이 약한 잎 전개 45일 이전이 적기이다.
○ 3세부과제명 : 인삼 • 약용 식재료 대량생산시스템 개발
인삼 약용 식재료 대량생산 식물공장재배시스템 설비는 태양광발전 계통연계형 시스템을 기본으로 선정하였다. 일반적인 태양광 발전 설비는 200W 다결정 태양전지를 사용하였고, 단상 계통 연계형 3kW 급 인버터를 사용하였으며 태양광 설치는 연구동 건물 지붕에 설치하였다.
인삼식재료 대량생산 시스템은 인삼 재배를 위한 베드, 양액공급장치(모터 및 관수 포함), LED 광원, 공기를 유동시킬 수 있는 팬, 온도를 조절하기 위한 냉난방기 및 제어기 등으로 구성하였다.
LED 광원 설치 및 광량 효율 향상을 위한 Reflector 설치 : 적정 LED 광원을 선발하기 위하여 6가지 종류의 LED 광원을 설치하였고, 보다 나은 효율을 얻기 위해 Reflector(반사판)을 설치하고 설치 전후의 광량자속 밀도를 측정하였다.
인터넷 연결 유무와 무관하게 동작할 수 있도록 웹 제어 및 모니터링 시스템을 포함한 종합 환경 제어 시스템 구축하여 시스템 다변화를 이룰 수 있도록 하였고, 사용자의 선택에 따라 다양한 방식으로 구현될 수 있도록 구축하였다. 또한 별도의 로그인 기능을 활용하여 관리자 모드와 사용자 모드로 구분하여 관리할 수 있는 기능을 추가하였다.
에너지 사용량 및 환경 데이터 분석을 위한 DB 시스템 구축하여 모니터링 및 온도, 습도, CO2 데이터 등을 저장할 수 있도록 하였다. 각 로그는 사용자의 필요성에 맞게 선택할 수 있도록 구성하여 필요한 데이터를 실시간으로 볼 수 있도록 구성하였고, 시간은 24시간 기준으로 설정하였다.
가정용, 산업용 수경 재배 시스템 개발 : 가정용 시스템은 재배용과 관상용을 목적으로 양액 공급시스템의 소형화 및 저가화 실현이 가능하고, 양액의 리사이클 방식과 살균 시스템 적용으로 친환경 시스템 구축이 가능하도록 하였다.
○ 4세부과제명 : 인삼 • 약용 식재료의 부가가치 증진기술 개발
국내자생 쌈채소 추출물의 항산화 효과
쌈채소의 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정한 결과는 Fig 1과 같다. 자소차즈기 1.87±0.05㎎/㎖> 뱀무 1.65±0.05㎎/㎖>삼백초 1.27±0.01㎎/㎖>배초향 1.26±0.04㎎/㎖>백출 1.05±0.08㎎/㎖>개미취 1.03±0.02㎎/㎖> 단삼 1.00±0.03㎎/㎖>율무잎 0.97±0.01㎎/㎖>배암차즈기 0.89±0.03㎎/㎖>식방풍 0.85±0.01㎎/㎖ 순이었다.
플라보노이드류는 polyphenolic substance로서 화학구조에 다라 flavonoids, flavones, catechin, isoflavones 등으로 분류되며, 물과 에탄올에 대한 용해도가 다르고 이들의 구조에 따라 과산화 지질 생성억제 등의 생화학적 활성에 영향을 준다.
Kim 등은 20여종 약용식물류의 총 플라보노이드 함량과 항산화 활성 상관관계에서 폴리페놀의 함량이 플라보노이드보다 많을수록 항산화 활성이 높다고 보고한 바 있다.
페놀성 화합물은 식물계에 널리 분포되어 있는 2차 대사산물의 하나로 다양한 구조와 분자량을 가지며, phenolic hydroxyl 때문에 단백질 및 기타 거대 분자들과 결합하여 항산화 효과 등의 생리활성 기능을 나타낸다.
쌈채소의 페놀성 화합물을 측정한 결과는 Fig 2와 같다. 뱀무 3.63±0.02㎎/㎖로 가장 높았고, 삼백초>율무잎>자소차즈기>배초향>배암차즈기>백출>단삼 순이었으며 식방풍이 1.29±0.01 ㎎/㎖로 가장 낮게 측정이 되었다. 뱀무 페놀성 화합물의 함량이 높은 것으로 밝혀진 Lee 등의 연구와 비슷한 경향을 보였다.

Abstract ▼

This study was conducted to the effect of LED wavelength, natural bioactive products and mass production system to the growth and ginsenoside contents by the aeroponic system in the Pnax ginseng. The results are summarized as follows;
1. Effects of LED wavelength on the growth and ginsenoside co

This study was conducted to the effect of LED wavelength, natural bioactive products and mass production system to the growth and ginsenoside contents by the aeroponic system in the Pnax ginseng. The results are summarized as follows;
1. Effects of LED wavelength on the growth and ginsenoside contents of Panax ginseng cultured by aeroponic system.
Photo synthetic radiation from a height of 40 ㎝ were measured with a high intensity LED wavelength of the T5 (flat LED red(620nm): blue(465nm): White(550nm) = 5: 1: 1) to 142 μ ㏖. m^-2.s^-1, and then in T1 red (630 ~ 660nm): blue (435 ~ 445nm): White (460 ~ 630) = 8:1:1) 115 μ ㏖. m^-2.s^-1 and the remaining T3> T2> T6> T4 was followed. Photosynthesis is the most high LED wavelength to T3 3.92 μ ㏖. μ㏖ • m^-2 • s^-1, and then T5 treatment was 3.11 μ ㏖. μ㏖ • m^-2 • s^-1, respectively. IIn contrast, the mixed ratio of wavelength 660nm Red wavelength with the highest T1 treatment 1.61 ± 0.61 μ ㏖.μ㏖ • m^-2 • s^-1 was the lowest.
LED light 60 days after planting the total ginsenoside content of ginseng leaves was 15-20%, and 120 days to grow from 10 to 26% of the decrease or increase the tendency was to show the difference between the wavelength. In particular, flat LED (Red 3: Green 1: Blue 1) investigation leaves as high as 26% of the total ginsenoside content was increased by artificial light increases the effect of saponin was widely recognized.
1st floor bed of natural bioactive substances in the environment due to the growth of ginseng plant height with all treatments was similar to the 24.3 ~ 25.3 ㎝, and also leaf area were good at EM and Yang Ming Won. Manda enzyme grown in environmental conditions on the second floor, such as plant height and leaf area was due to aerial part growth.
2. Growth environment-specific attributes on the bottom layer on the upper layer (the upper layers higher than the bottom layers at 2 ~ 3 ℃, 2,000 ~ 4,000 lx more high light condition) than the aerial part growth was good, but root growth was a little low or similar. The upper layers (upper/direct light) cultivation of natural bioactive compounds by the addition of ginseng growth (fresh weight, Root Weight, total weight, etc.) T1, T4, T5 showed similar trend in the fresh weight of the first floor and the bottom layers high, but the upper layers was highly dry weight
The active substance according to the total ginsenoside contents of hydroponics ginseng root grown at 60 days a bed was in the range of 1.0 to 1.4%, and upper layer to the bed from 1.3 to 1.4% was slightly higher than the bottom layer bed. A layer of the root bed ginsenoside Rg1 content type was highest at around 0.4% and Rc> Rb1> Re order. Equal to the first floor and 2nd floor bed roots Rg1 0.44% was the highest. Rc and Rb1 was also showed to be in the range 0.27 to 0.24%.
Rg1 ginsenosid leaf content were higher most of the 6.14% and 3.3% for Rd. Re, Rc and Rb1, respectively 1.35, 1.2, 1.24% were similar to.
Bed of leaves harvested 60 days from the bottom layer bed of a total ginsenoside content ranged from 12 to 14%, the upper layer bed was slightly increased to 14-15%. The analysis of the stem 60 days after planting the total saponin content was 1.8 to 2.3%, but 120 days after planting increased from 2.4 to 2.7%.
Appropriate media selection test for the investigation after a formula 120 days were that M1, M2 and M4 were good in the root weight and fresh weight. The wighering rate and leaf area ratio of the drying caused by physiological disorder was significantly lower. wighering rate and leaf drying area ratio due to a physiological disorder was lower by 4-2% but the M3 (32%) was higher in the medium, M5 medium (55%) was severe.
The total ginsenoside content of rhizomes 60 days after planting in a bed as M2, M4, M5 medium were higher at around 1.62% and M1, M3 medium were about a 1.37%. Ginsenoside content of roots were showed Rg1> Rc> Rb1> Re> Rd, and leaves Rg1> Rd> Re> Rc> Rb2 and stem Rg1> Re> Rd> Rg2> Rb2 respectively. The M3 medium with ginseng leaves was highest at 12.9% and M4 medium was 12.1%. M2 medium was higher than the rhizome of the stem 1.77% and M1 was the medium content of 1.57%
3. Ginseng and Medicinal ingredients for the production of mass-production system development.
Gnseng seedlings and planting to develop energy-saving devices for the grid-connected solar power generation optical systems were selected. Development of solar optical device was used 200W polycrystalline solar cells, single-phase grid-tied inverter type 3kW class was used. In addition, the current building structure suitable for solar installations roof type were installed. Each system was composed of tray, nutrient supply (including motors and irrigation), LED lighting, air flow fan, air conditioner, and controller for controlling the temperature.
LED light installation and Light reflector installation for improved efficiency: For the selection of the appropriate LED light source, six types of LED light sources were installed, as to achieve better efficiency after reflectors were installed on the photon flux was measured.
Internet connection to operate independently of the Web control and monitoring system was developed, including the comprehensive environmental control system for diversification. Depending on the user's choice can be implemented in various ways so that was established. In addition, by utilizing a separate login function, separated by the administrator and user mode has added the ability to manage.
It were energy usage and environmental data monitoring system for the analysis of DB so that you can save the data temperature, humidity, CO2, etc. To meet the needs of each log, the user can choose the configuration you need to view data in real time And time was set based on 24 hours.
Hydroponic system development of home and Industrial : System for household and ornamental planting were nutrient supply system for the purpose of miniaturization, low cost can be realized,, nutrient recycling methods, sterilization system can be designed and implemented by applying eco-system. Cultivated ginseng cultivating basic functions were identically configured systems, a steady stream of water to control the temperature of the thermostat containing, the upper height of the separate control of the LED light source was a possible structure. In addition, to increase the amount of light reflectors were installed and internal state of the growth observed was constructed in order to see inside. Industrial systems, depending on the height of the building 2nd and 3rd floor cultivation trays were designed to produce. And at the bottom of the water reservoir placed on a separate tray of nutrient solution was intended to facilitate management.
4. This research was carried out to determine the feasibility of edible food resources application by making use of medicinal plant resources registered in the Korean Pharmacopoeia(KP). It is investigated that there are 142 items of medicinal plant resources that are available to utilize as edible stuff. The whole items are classified by its own characteristics as follows: 46 items of medicinal crops, 38 items of medicinal plants, 19 items of fructus, 14 items of woody plants, 10 items of industrial crops, 8 items of spices and flavoring crops and 7 items of vegetables were confirmed.
Several experiments was carried out to determine adlay sprout cultivation by using commercial box. It is suggested that appropriate seeding rate is three thousand seeds in a box and seeding depth was at about 9cm. After seeding, Whole shading should be treated. It is suggested that the optimal time of harvesting the edible sprout is just before the whole leaf development is to initiate.
On the other hand, the optimal time of harvesting edible sprout of atractylodes was 45days after seeding, at which the thickness of leaf at 0.46mm. The bitterness and chewiness decreased.
Since the baby leaf contain high moistures with it, it is extremely delicate for the storage. When the baby leaf need to be stored or distributed, these must go through the dry-out process(also referred as food dehydration)to prevent the decomposition and weight loss of the baby leaf. The dehydration process has been used for thousands of years by mankind. For such along time, people have developed the food dehydration in many ways such as hot-air dry, freeze dry, vacuum dry and soon. Each food dehydration methods can affect the elements of biological activities.
Therefore, this study identify chemical characteristics (moisture, crude ash, crude fat, crude protein, vitamin C, free sugar) of ten kinds of domestic medicinal baby leaf and also states the liability of the dry process based on the analysis of domestic medicinal baby leaf.
The result of on sensory properties test showed high favors in Coix lacryma-jobi Linne var. ma-yuen Stapf, Perilla frutescens var. acuta Kudo, Geum japonicum Thunb. Moisture, Ash, Crude fat, Crude protein contents were measured and the result came out as followings: Eighty percent of ten baby leaf contain moisture in it. For the ash, Saururus chinensis BAILL. showed the highest rate result and followed by, Aster tataricus L, Perilla frutescens var acuta Kudo. The total sugar and free sugar contents as glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose was detected in ten kinds of baby leaf. Furthermore, total sugar and free sugar contents was higher Geum japonicum Thunb. Vitamin C contents was highets in the Saururus chinensis BAILL. to a 3.3%. Geum japonicum Thunb was higher with 2.9%, since most baby leaf contains the vitamin with approximate range from 1.6 to 3%.
To process characteristics suitability of Geum japonicum Thunb, Coix lacryma-jobi Linne var ma-yuen Stapf, Perilla frutescens var acuta Kudo 3 kinds of baby leaf were prepared by different dry methods of dry, hot-air dry, freeze dry. After drying, They were extracted by 80% MeOH and measured by brown, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, SOD activity, electron donation activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The results were confirmed high antioxidant activity of baby leaf dried by freeze dry.
According to the examinations of the baby leaf which were dried by using different methods extract has ethyl acetate: hexane: ethanol = 35: 35: 10, TLC developed solvents have taken the results Coix lacryma-jobi Linne var ma-yuen Stapf and Perilla frutescens var acuta Kudo were observed in the ferulic acid sopt, Geum japonicum Thunb ferulic acid were not able to be seen.
The result of baby leaf extracts dried by using different methods extract ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid by HPLC system. Coix lacryma-jobi Linne var ma-yuen Stapf and Perilla frutescens var acuta Kudo were high in ferulic acid and the Geum japonicum Thunb was high in chlorogenic acid.
If this study become more deeply proceed, it will be realistically possible to sort the highly qualified breed through the best dehydration method which preserves its own biological activities and effective components. Furthermore, it is expected that the investigation will provide the basic data for the new food materialize.

목차 Contents

• 제출문 ... 1
• 요약문 ... 2
• SUMMARY ... 4
• 제1장 서 론 ... 9
• 제1절 연구개발의 목적 ... 9
• 제2절 연구의 필요성 ... 12
• 제3절 기술개발 현황 및 문제점 ... 13
• 제4절 연구개발의 범위 ... 14
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 15
• 제1절 청정인삼 고품질 식재료 생산기술 개발 ... 16
• 제2절 식재료 유망 약용자원 선발 및 이용기술 개발 ... 17
• 제3절 인삼 약초 고품질 식재료 대량생산시스템 개발 ... 17
• 제4절 인삼·약용 식재료의 부가가치 증진기술 개발 ... 18
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 20
• 제1절 청정인삼 고품질 식재료 생산기술 개발 ... 20
• 제2절 식재료유망약용자원 선발 및 이용기술 개발 ... 36
• 제3절 인삼 및 약용작물 식재료 대량생산시스템 개발 ... 47
• 제4절 국내자생 쌈채소 ... 63
• 제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 103
• 제1절 목표대비 달성도 ... 103
• 제2절 정량적 성과 ... 103
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 110
• 제6장 중요 변동사항 ... 111
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 112
• <참고 1> 연차평가 지적사항 및 조치결과 ... 116
• <참고 2> 주요연구 성과 ... 117
• 주요 결과 요약서 ... 130