초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
토종벌 여왕벌 양성을 통한 질병의 관리 및 봉군증식 효율증대를 위한 토종벌 사육 적합 개량벌통을 개발하여 보급하였으며, 꿀벌이 이용하는 화분에서 알카로이드 물질을 추출하여 플라보노이드, 화분 조단백질, 알카로이드 등으로 구성된 면역증강제를 개발하여 보급하였다.
개량벌통은 인공적인 봉군 분봉이 수월하여 기존의 토종벌 사육용 벌통을 사용하였을 때보다 계획적이고 효율적인 봉군증식이 가능하였으며, 질병 발생시 약제의 처리를 비롯한 봉군의 축소, 합봉 등 관리 기술의 적극적인 적용이 가능하게 하였다. 아울러 계절

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
토종벌 여왕벌 양성을 통한 질병의 관리 및 봉군증식 효율증대를 위한 토종벌 사육 적합 개량벌통을 개발하여 보급하였으며, 꿀벌이 이용하는 화분에서 알카로이드 물질을 추출하여 플라보노이드, 화분 조단백질, 알카로이드 등으로 구성된 면역증강제를 개발하여 보급하였다.
개량벌통은 인공적인 봉군 분봉이 수월하여 기존의 토종벌 사육용 벌통을 사용하였을 때보다 계획적이고 효율적인 봉군증식이 가능하였으며, 질병 발생시 약제의 처리를 비롯한 봉군의 축소, 합봉 등 관리 기술의 적극적인 적용이 가능하게 하였다. 아울러 계절별 봉군관리 기술의 적용으로 생산물 생산량 증가에 초석을 마련하게 되었다.
면역증강제는 알카로이드를 함유하고 있으며, 플라보노이드, 화분 조단백질을 조성물로 개발되었는데, 면역증강제의 처리를 하면 설탕을 먹인 대조구에 비하여 초기 바이러스 농도가 면역증강제를 먹인 처리구의 경우 약 1/5로 바이러스 농도가 줄어들었으며, 초기 농도에 비하여 10일 경과시 50%의 바이러스가 감소하는 결과를 확인 하였다.
이러한 면역증강제와 토종벌 사육용 개량벌통은 산업체에 기술이전되어 농과원 신기술시범사업 등을 통하여 농가에 보급되었다.

Abstract ▼

We compared the grafting success in total of 107 rearing Apis carana queens cells, to which we grafted 540 larvae. The wax for cups we prepared from A. mellifera and A. cerana wax. The A. cerana wax cups were found that artificial queen cell cups with the internal diameter of 8.0 mm at the mouth and

We compared the grafting success in total of 107 rearing Apis carana queens cells, to which we grafted 540 larvae. The wax for cups we prepared from A. mellifera and A. cerana wax. The A. cerana wax cups were found that artificial queen cell cups with the internal diameter of 8.0 mm at the mouth and 8.0 mm depth were highly preferred by the bees for rearing of queens from the grafted larvae. From the 210 grafted larvae into A. mellifera wax bees accepted 30 queens cells, only (16.67 %) ; A. cerana wax bees accepted 59 queens cells (33 %) ;plastic cup bees accepted 18 queens cells, only (10 %). In the preference test the grafting success in the A. cerana wax cups were better than in the A. mellifera wax and plastic cup. The results show better acceptance of larvae grafted into the pure A. cerana wax cups for rearing A. cerana queen. A new method for rearing honey bees, A. cerana, in vivo was developed and the effects of royal jelly from A. mellifera. We used royal jelly diluted 50:50 with sterile water (The royal jelly is kept frozen until used). A small amount of royal jelly is placed at the center of each cell cup. Young A. cerana larvae were transferred into the queen cups containing ± 10 ㎍ of the Royal jelly from A. mellifera and A. cerana. The average rates of acceptance were affected significantly due to the royal jelly source in the queen cell cups. It is so workable first to produce pure A. cerana wax for making the queen cups before a beekeeper starts with grafting.
Ovarioles are smooth, gradually widening white tubes with different stages of eggs. The ovarioles were gently removed, and the right and left ovarioles were separated and counted the ovarioles. We observed that the ovaries of laying queens were extended from second abdominal up to fourth abdominal segments. Each ovariole is supplied with tracheae. The tracheae are auriferous types characterized by coating spiracle tubules with permeable cuticle, which may bring the tracheal air into close contact with haemolymph.
We investigated the duration of laying worker oviposition and egg-laying behavior in three queenless colonies of A. cerana by in situ video recording. Egg load was determined by dissecting laying workers in September 2012. Egg size, length and breadth, shape index and egg elongation were calculated. To determine the number of eggs laid by laying workers per cell at 24, 53, 74, 120 and 171 hours was also monitored. To estimate the number of eggs per cell per week, a small comb was squeezed between two frames. The combs were collected at given hours and weekly to count the number of eggs, respectively. The results showed that the duration of oviposition of laying workers on average was 109.2 ± 67.5 seconds per cell. During oviposition, egg-laying workers showed two types of behaviors, viz a still phase, where the egg-laying workers did not move, and a recovery phase, where the egg-laying workers vigorously wagged their abdomens after oviposition. The results showed that on average, 4.0 ± 5.1 of worker eggs per cell per week was recorded. The highest number of eggs was recorded at 120 hours compare to at 24, 53, 74 and 171 hours. Three different shapes of the eggs namely oval, elongated long and elongated curve shaped was laid by workers. The results showed that the laying worker carried 1 to 4 mature eggs in her ovaries and may lay from one to four per oviposition. In conclusion, the laying worker shows a still and a recovery phase during and after laying the eggs. The laying workers retain 1 to 4 eggs in their ovaries. The breadth of eggs is strong positive relationships with length. One worker cell can accumulate up to 33 eggs in queenless colonies.
This is the first record of endoparasitic Hymenoptera Apanteles galleriae recorded from Apis cerana colonies in Korea. A simple rearing protocol was established to allow the morphology, mating behavior and infestation rate of A galleriae. In total, 55 lesser wax moth fresh cocoons were kept in the tissue culture test plate at room temperature (25.6 1.5˚C, RH 21 3.7%). The females were 3.4 0.3 longer than male 3.3 0.2. The male antenna was longer than females. The copulation lasts 24.4 2.4 seconds. The larvae of A. galleriae were pupated inside the cocoons of lesser wax moth. Ninety percent of adults A. galleriae was successfully emerged from the lesser wax moth cocoons. A. galleriae can be used as bio-logical control in store and in live colonies to control lesser wax moth.
Many Bee disease are complex of colonies simultaneously infested with parasitic insects and infected with viruses and accompanied by high mortality. By using reverse transcriptional PCR(RT-PCR), Sacbrood virus was detected in pest samples(Brachymeria ornatipes and Galleria mellonella) from Apis cerana hives. The latter findings support the putative role of pests in transmitting these viruses. Taken together, these data indicate that bee virus infections occur persistently in bee populations despite the lack of clinical signs, suggesting that colony disease outbreaks might result from environmental factors that lead to activation of viral replication in bees. This is also the first report of bee viruses in pests from Korea.
Jeon-Nam province has the largest number of managed honey bee(Apiscerana) colonies before 2009 years ago, which produce the highest quantity of honey in the Korea ; however, almost colony(99%) were collapsed by Korean Sacbrood Virus(KSBV) in province of jeon-nam apiaries. We were changed bee(Apis cerana) hives for the development of beekeeping technique in this experiments. The traditional hives was changed to modern hive. The transfer of traditional colonies is not a new technology. However, to prevent absconding we modified the usual practice. First, we do not mount all the combs to the frames. we mount only selected brood combs and those that have a good number of sealed brood and other stages of development by Co2 gas and environmental fiendly(traditional hive put on the top on the modern hive). Environmental fiendly method is better than other method for changing the hive. We found out that not having all the combs mounted on frames enables the bee to ensure the survival of the newly transferred brood. With all the comb well covered by bees, they are much less susceptible to sacbrood virus infection. Also, fewer combs mean that the bees can easily fix the damaged combs and clean from the hive. Secondly, queens are caged for three days to prevent balling. This is when worker bees surround the queen in a ' ball' and kill her. We observed that the bees have the tendency to ball their queen after transferring, and also sometimes to abscond, which is to abandon the hive and their brood a few hours after being transferred. Caging the queen gives time for the colony to stabilise. We found out The grafting success in total of 51 rearing Apis carana queens cells, to which we grafted 480 larvae. The average rates of acceptance were affected significantly due to the royal jelly source in the queen cell cups. It is so workable first to produce pure A. cerana wax for making the queen cups before a beekeeper starts with grafting.
We thus conducted a molecular survey of honey bee RNA viruses, Nosema microsporidia, Foul broods and fungal disease(Chalk brood and Stone brood) associated with environmental conditions in apiaries and differential A. cerana hives in Jeon-nam province. We found the presence of black queen cell virus(BQCV), Israel Acute Paralysis Virus and Nosem aapis. korean Sacbrood virus(KSBV) was detected in the tested samples. Our results demonstrate that honey bee RNA viruses and N. apis are present in jeon-nam province apiaries, and some might be related environment conditions(temperature and moisture).
Oriental species of the domestic honeybee (A. cerana F.) was first diagnosed in 2009 , Gangwon showing aspects of national nangchung bongah rot disease (Sacbrood virus, SBV) due to a more than 90% of our problems were . Group at the time of the breeding population is 383,417 (14,682 Chungbuk group), but ongoing research institutions for disease prevention efforts and technology development countermeasures of farmers take voluntary, through the administration of the species conservation projects nationwide, despite the restore operation tojongbeol recovery rate showed a very unsatisfactory.
However, in the case of Chungbuk Area by improving the conversion specification beehive rapid introduction of management techniques can be breeding colony Livestock Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and the main statistical results of Year ' 2013 No. 423 , 9500 was 09 years of breeding group of 64 % of the recovered munitions A. cerana a kind of spur conservation.
Oriental species of bees (A. cerana F.) in the physiology. Ecological features that have excellent cleaning power point A. mellifera L. and there is a difference. Characteristics of the behavior of these bees pest resistance, which is directly related to cleaning ability with excellent resistance to high bee pests. Prevention or treatment of diseases of bees as a way to use antibiotics and other drugs is difficult to see the effects. Specification requires management to improve habitat through appropriate A. cerana through improved disease prevention and beehive-proliferation effort.
Of the conventional beehive existing indigenous disadvantage by improving the management and the environment to prevent rot SBV A. cerana to help, to improve the standard of the hive , following results were obtained. Conditions improve standards across the hive 34cm, length 46cm, height 40cm This set was also reduced with the consumption was standard . Western beehive socho existing standards specifications when compared to the light of the fire on one side of one piece with one count of 3,000 to 6,000 in the case of fire in shaping A. mellifera tailored to suit the fecundity of Western consumption of around 20,000 standard one in 12,000 to 16,000 fecundity side A. cerana the reduced level of 2500 , it is suitable to use was found.
Traditional beehives rot is occurring throughout the year SBV colony growth is difficult due to the weather conditions , caused by various diseases very difficult for us and managed to escape . Improve the initial hive bee hive to SBV hapbong caused by traditional object management can control the disease and strengthen the immune -free to push A. cerana by stimulating proliferation of specifications was also glass . When initially generated (consumed surface occurs 1-2 ) reduced consumption of punishment to be fully dense and consumption occurs , remove the bottle around the hive as alcohol disinfection and automatic specification utilizing the group you want to completely remove the charge continued until specification was to manage A. cerana.
In this study , the Oriental species of bees (A. cerana F.) for the prevention of the spread of the pest prevention and improved beehives using technology developed by positive Asian queen bee species (A. cerana F.) SBV generation and required to prevent the spread of applied technology for the development of the field studies were conducted
In this project, we developed and improved the diagnostic methods of the pathogens of various diseases in korean honey bee(apis cerana) to control of the diseases. To date some of specific and sensitive detection methods for western honey bee (apis mellifera) are established. Therefore those assays were applied to and confirmed the validity and availability of detection system for honey bee diseases in South korea. Among the diseases, 8 different pathogens of disease were certainly detected by specific primer sets in PCR system and developed the novel gene-based diagnostic method; Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification termed as LAMP for M.plutonius that is caused EFB. Moreover as a specific immunoassay for korean Sacbrood virus and Black Queen Cell Virus in honeybee, the recombinant DNA was constructed and recombinant target proteins were expressed in E.coli system and used for generation of specific monoclonal antibodies to target virus. Developed LAMP method and generated specific-mAbs against certain pathogens of disease is able to apply for the detection of diseases in field.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 5
• 목차 ... 9
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 10
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 13
• 제 1 절 국내 연구 현황 ... 13
• 제 2 절 국내 연구 현황 ... 13
• 제 3 절 국내외 연구현황 비교 및 필요 연구 분야 ... 13
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 14
• 제 1 절 연구수행 내용 ... 14
• 제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 77
• 제 1 절 목표대비 달성도 ... 77
• 제 2 절 정량적 성과 ... 77
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 78
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 79
• 제 7 장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 80
• 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 81
• 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 82
• 끝페이지 ... 84