초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발 결과
본 과제를 통하여 현안 문제점 해결을 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 유기농업의 병해충 방제 자재로 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 유황의 자가제조 사용여부에 관한 안전성 논란이 2013년도에 제기되었다. 따라서 친환경 유기농업과 관행농업에서 토양살균 등을 위하여 다량으로 사용하고 있는 유황에 대하여 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 토양중 유황 농도 기준에 대하여 작물의 종자 발아, 유묘생장 및 토양의 생물학적 특성평가를 통하여 지속적인 작물생산성 유지를 위한 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 농업환경 여건의 변화와 함께 못자리가 필요

Ⅳ. 연구개발 결과
본 과제를 통하여 현안 문제점 해결을 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. 유기농업의 병해충 방제 자재로 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 유황의 자가제조 사용여부에 관한 안전성 논란이 2013년도에 제기되었다. 따라서 친환경 유기농업과 관행농업에서 토양살균 등을 위하여 다량으로 사용하고 있는 유황에 대하여 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 토양중 유황 농도 기준에 대하여 작물의 종자 발아, 유묘생장 및 토양의 생물학적 특성평가를 통하여 지속적인 작물생산성 유지를 위한 기준을 제시하였다. 또한 농업환경 여건의 변화와 함께 못자리가 필요하지 않은 벼 무논직파 재배(벼 무논 골 점파 직파재배) 기술이 2008년 10개소 100ha에서 2012년 181개소 8,018ha로, 2013년 205개소 15,000ha로 급격히 확대되고 있으나 시급히 해결해야 하는 가장 큰 문제는 야생벼 또는 앵미벼라고 불리워지는 잡초성 벼를 비롯한 제초제 저항성 논 잡초 방제의 어려움이 있고, 친환경재배시에는 초기 잡초방제가 어려워 벼 무논 직파재배를 이용하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 친환경농업에서 무논점파 벼 직파재배 기술을 적용하기 위하여 초기 잡초방제 방법을 개발하여 영농활용 자료로 제공하였다.
아울러 대부분의 국가들은 Codex 기준에 따라 유기농산물을 생산하고 있으나 국가마다 재배작물의 종류와 환경조건이 달라 다양한 경종기술들이 개발되고 있다. 우리나라의 김장채소 재배에서 8월말~9월초기에 많은 강우량에 의한 습해 방지 및 생산성과 품질향상을 위하여 높은 이랑재배 방법 적용으로 생산성과 품질향상에 기여할 것으로 기대되며, 지구온난화 현상에 의한 이상기상 현상으로 노지 채소 정식기에 장마가 많은 지역과 관행재배에서도 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
그리고 국내외 유기농산물 생산기술 정보수집 및 분석을 통해 유기농산물 생산기술 중 유기농 논밭 윤환재배기술과 유기농 작물재배체계를 위한 최소경운과 녹비활용, 유기농 논의 활용으로 벼 재배와 물고기 양식에 대한 자료를 수집 분석하였다. 유기농산물 생산기술 비교로 벼의 생육 및 수량 비교에서 벼의 수량은 2012년 유기재배가 관행 재배보다 낮았는데 포기당 이삭수가 적었던 것이 주요인이었고, 2013년에도 포기당 이삭수가 전년도와 비슷한 경향이나 오히려 수량이 높았는데 이것은 유기재배에서 포기당 이삭수는 적으나, 이삭당 영화수가 많고, 등숙율, 수확지수가 높으며 이삭길이가 긴 수중형으로 관행재배의 포기당 이삭수가 많은 수수형에 비해 유리한 생육특성을 보이며 무효경수, 잎의 고사가 적은 상태로 지속되었기 때문이라 판단된다. 고추 유기재배에서 잎 생체중이 낮고 피해고추가 많아 홍고추의 수량이 적었고 자가제조 유기재배는 관행농업, 구입자재 유기재배에 비해 생육 및 수량이 낮았다. 고추의 유기재배는 관행재배와 비교하여 잎 수, 분지수, 뿌리길이, 뿌리무게, 총 열매수 등 생육건전도 측면에서는 양호하나 생육 및 수량의 양적인 측면에서는 저조하였고 유기생산기술 적용시 생육에서유리하나 생육 및 수량 확보를 위해 추가적인 양분대책이 요구된다고 보인다. 콩 재배유형별로는 잎과 뿌리 생육 및 콩 수량에서 유기재배 (자가제조)>유기재배(구입자재)>관행재배의 양상을 보였으며 콩 유기재배에서 불마름병 발생은 관행재배보다 낮았다. 이와 반대로 참깨와 옥수수의 생육 및 수량은 유기재배 (자가제조)<유기재배(구입자재)<관행재배 순으로 높았는데 짧은 생육기간과 높은 양분요구도 등을 고려하여 재배과정 중 양분에 대한 공급대책이 필요하다 판단된다. 유기농 논밭윤환 재배기술 포장시험에서는 윤환 논 고추 유기재배 생육에서 초장, 잎중, 줄기중, 열매무게 등의 생육이 밭 유기재배에 비해 낮고 피해고추가 적고 수량은 낮았으나 개당 건조무게는 높았으며 탄저병은 발병과율은 윤환 논 고추 유기재배에서 밭 유기재배에 비하여 낮았고 역병, 풋마름병, 습해 등 이병주율이 높았다. 윤환논 콩 유기재배에서 밭 유기재배에 비해 잎, 줄기 생육은 낮았으나 꼬투리의 생육은 높았으며 불마름병 발생이 높았고 관행재배에서는 반대의 경향을 보였다.

Abstract ▼

In many parts of the world, agriculture causes environmental pressure that is significant on national scales. This is particularly true in terms of land degradation, water use and greenhouse gas emissions. The provision of food causes environmental impacts that range from local through to global in

In many parts of the world, agriculture causes environmental pressure that is significant on national scales. This is particularly true in terms of land degradation, water use and greenhouse gas emissions. The provision of food causes environmental impacts that range from local through to global in scale. Organic farming, used in general here to mean farming practices with a greater emphasis on long-term sustainability, is one general approach to reduce these impacts. During the next 50 years, global agricultural expansion threatens to impact worldwide biodiversity on an unprecedented scale that may rival climate change in its significance for the persistence of a panoply of species. Ethylene is a plant hormone with a wide range of physiological effects depending on the state of the plant tissues it is acting on. Use of ethylene as sprouting inhibitor for onions and potatoes : Need recognized by the certification body or authority for sprout inhibition of stored potatoes and onions where varieties that have long dormancy characteristics are not available, or these varieties are not suited to local growing conditions. Must be used in a manner that minimizes exposure to operators and workers.
Chemical contents in garlic(Allium sativum) and agricultural use of their compost: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the major spice and cultivated area was approximately 44,817ha (2012) in Korea. Garlic byproduct is consisted of approximately 50.5% stem and leaves. We have analyzed the chemical contents in two garlic genotype from 4 main cultivated areas and were measured the presence of allicin, total phenol, diallyl disulfide for crop protection use in garlic compost. These compounds have a variety of antimicrobial activities such as fungal or bacterial disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral and functional compounds content in two garlic genotypes and their compost.
Two garlic genotypes collected from the four main cultivation areas of Korea were analyzed to evaluate their chemical properties after drying in adjusted 70oCdryoven. Mineral profiles (T-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) were determined through Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (Analyst 300, Perkim Elmer, USA). Functional compounds (allicin, total phenol, diallyl disulfide) in hot water extracts from garlic leaf, stem, bulbs and their compost were determined by HPLC (flow rate 1 mL/min, wavelength UV 210nm, injection volume 5μL).
The content of K and Ca among the minerals in garlic was much higher than those of T-N, P, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. The mineral content of garlic cultivars was more different by genotype than by agro-ecological conditions. Functional evaluation showed that all samples are rich in total phenol and their recorded values were higher than geographical origins. Allicin and diallyl disulfide compounds showed that all samples did not detect in their extracts. The garlic showed little effect on Sclerotinia rot of lettuce. In general we did not detect significant relationship between geographical origins, so probably the genetic factors have more influence than ecology. All samples have a rich in total phenol compounds. We are considered that the results obtained in this study can be offer garlic byproduct as a new source for crop protection use in organic agricultural system.
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of organic advanced production technology with collection and analysis of the information production technology and scientific validation tests from 2012 to 2013. The data of organic agricultural production technology at home and abroad were collected from major national and international research institutions and then analyzed. The results obtained as following : organic paddy-upland rotation culture, organic cropping system, minimum tillage, green manure and rice-fish system in paddy field.
Field experiments were carried out to compare organic farming with conventional culture. Yield of rice by organic farming was respectively 76～87% with conventional culture in 2012. Panicle number was 15.2～18.1 per plant and lower 4.5～7.4 respectively. In 2013, Yield of rice by organic farming was higher than by conventional culture. Though panicle number was 12.0～14.0 per plant and lower 1.0～3.5 respectively. It seemed to be heavy panicle type by organic farming : Panicle number was low, but spikelet, percent ripened grain, harvest index and ear length were high. In addition, non-productive tiller and withering of leaf in organic farming were lower than conventional culture. In red pepper yield was lower in organic farming than conventional culture because fresh weight of leaf was less and damaged fruits were much. Especially, growth and yield of red pepper in self-produced organic farming was lower than purchased organic farming and conventional culture. On growth patterns of number of leaf and branch, growth of root and fruit organic farming was better than conventional culture. Then nutrient management would be required additional supply. The biomass and yield of soybean were higher in the order of self-produced organic farming> purchased organic farming > conventional culture. Occurrence of fire blight in soybean cultivation practices, organic farming was lower than conventional culture. The biomass and yield of sesame and maize were higher in the order of conventional culture > purchased organic farming > self-produced organic farming. The biomass and yield of soybean were showed the opposite pattern with sesame and maize that it seemed to be due to the growing period and nutrient requirement.
The plant length and leaf weight of red pepper as affected by organic paddy-upland rotation were lower than by upland culture but fruit weight was higher. Also disease severity of the anthracnose of red pepper as affected by organic paddy-upland rotation plant was lower than by upland culture but phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt were higher. The growth of leaf and stem of soybean as affected by organic paddy-upland rotation were lower than by upland culture but pod weight was higher. And disease severity of the fire blight of soybean as affected by paddy-upland rotation were lower than by upland culture.
This study was also conducted to investigate the influence of organic advanced production technology with collection and analysis of the information production technology and scientific validation tests from 2012 to 2013. The data of organic agricultural production technology at home and abroad were collected from major national and international research institutions and then analyzed. The results obtained as following : organic paddy-upland rotation culture, organic cropping system, minimum tillage, green manure and rice-fish system in paddy field.
Field experiments were carried out to compare organic farming with conventional culture. Yield of rice by organic farming was respectively 76～87% with conventional culture in 2012. Panicle number was 15.2～18.1 per plant and lower 4.5～7.4 respectively. In 2013, Yield of rice by organic farming was higher than by conventional culture. Though panicle number was 12.0～14.0 per plant and lower 1.0～3.5 respectively. It seemed to be heavy panicle type by organic farming : Panicle number was low, but spikelet, percent ripened grain, harvest index and ear length were high. In addition, non-productive tiller and withering of leaf in organic farming were lower than conventional culture. In red pepper yield was lower in organic farming than conventional culture because fresh weight of leaf was less and damaged fruits were much. Especially, growth and yield of red pepper in self-produced organic farming was lower than purchased organic farming and conventional culture. On growth patterns of number of leaf and branch, growth of root and fruit organic farming was better than conventional culture. Then nutrient management would be required additional supply. The biomass and yield of soybean were higher in the order of self-produced organic farming> purchased organic farming > conventional culture. Occurrence of fire blight in soybean cultivation practices, organic farming was lower than conventional culture. The biomass and yield of sesame and maize were higher in the order of conventional culture > purchased organic farming > self-produced organic farming. The biomass and yield of soybean were showed the opposite pattern with sesame and maize that it seemed to be due to the growing period and nutrient requirement.
The plant length and leaf weight of red pepper as affected by organic paddy-upland rotation were lower than by upland culture but fruit weight was higher. Also disease severity of the anthracnose of red pepper as affected by organic paddy-upland rotation plant was lower than by upland culture but phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt were higher. The growth of leaf and stem of soybean as affected by organic paddy-upland rotation were lower than by upland culture but pod weight was higher. And disease severity of the fire blight of soybean as affected by paddy-upland rotation were lower than by upland culture.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 7
• 목차 ... 10
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 11
• 제 2 장 국내외기술개발 현황 ... 11
• (1) 국내 연구 현황 ... 11
• (2) 국외 연구 현황 ... 12
• 제 3 장 연구개발 수행내용 및 결과 ... 13
• 제1절 국내외 유기농 현안쟁점 대응 및 기술적 검토 ... 13
• 제2절 국내외 유기농산물 생산기술 분석 및 적용 연구 ... 39
• 제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 55
• 1. 정성적 목표 ... 55
• 2. 정량적 목표대비 달성도 ... 55
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 58
• 제 6 장 연구개발 과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술 정보 ... 59
• 제 7 장 기타 주요 변동사항 ... 59
• 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 59
• 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 59
• [부록] 주요성과 및 결과요약 ... 62
• 끝페이지 ... 75