초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
- 자주식 심토환경개선기의 설계 : 본체의 안정성 분석, 압축공기에 의한 토양파쇄 이론 정립
- 분사노즐의 토양관입장치 링크 구조와 토양개량제 계량 및 분사타이밍 구명, 분말 막힘현상 해소
- 자주식 심토환경개선기의 포장 성능시험 : 경사지 안정주행 22°정도, 심토파쇄 깊이 50cm, 파쇄직경 3～4m, 분말 토양개량제(석회)도 막힘없이 압축공기와 동시 투입가능 토록 개선
- 임업현장 적응성 : 노각나무, 이팝나무 및 은행나무 등 활엽수 묘목의 경우, 심토개선기 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 간장 생장

○ 연구결과
- 자주식 심토환경개선기의 설계 : 본체의 안정성 분석, 압축공기에 의한 토양파쇄 이론 정립
- 분사노즐의 토양관입장치 링크 구조와 토양개량제 계량 및 분사타이밍 구명, 분말 막힘현상 해소
- 자주식 심토환경개선기의 포장 성능시험 : 경사지 안정주행 22°정도, 심토파쇄 깊이 50cm, 파쇄직경 3～4m, 분말 토양개량제(석회)도 막힘없이 압축공기와 동시 투입가능 토록 개선
- 임업현장 적응성 : 노각나무, 이팝나무 및 은행나무 등 활엽수 묘목의 경우, 심토개선기 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 간장 생장량은 약 2배 증가하였으며, 특히 은행나무 묘목의 경우에는 근원경생장과 물질 생산량에 있어 월등한 차이가 나타났다

Abstract ▼

This study was carried out to develop a self-propelled type explosive subsoiler for improving the root zone soil conditions in orchard and other forest fields. Prototype was designed to be able to inject air and other soil improving material such as lime into soil, and thus improve the air permeabil

This study was carried out to develop a self-propelled type explosive subsoiler for improving the root zone soil conditions in orchard and other forest fields. Prototype was designed to be able to inject air and other soil improving material such as lime into soil, and thus improve the air permeability and drainage of orchard soils to promote the root growth of tree for high quality fruit production.
Present usage status of orchard and forest management machinery, possibility of manure injection by subsoiler and deep soil hardness of several orchard field such as apple, pear, grape and peach field were investigated for designing a subsoiler. Specific results are as follows.
1. Utilization status of orchard and forest management machinery.
Most of the subsoil managing machinery were either explosive type or digging type for preparation of compost placing. Various types of prime mover such as power tiller, farm tractor and power shovel were used for supplying the power for explosive subsoiler depending on the farming conditions. Many of the farmers wanted to use the subsoiler which can put lime into soil and rupture soil at the same time. But most of the subsoiler have clogging problems of lime outlet and varying rate of discharge depending on the moisture absorbance status of lime. Thus this problems keep the discharge rate of lime low and make continuous operation of subsoiler for long time impossible. When a subsoiler was used as a attachment to the tractor or power tiller, turning radius of this machine was more than 3-5 m, and this makes impossible to use subsoiler in the orchard and woody forestry due to the handling problems and low maneuverability. Because the single acting hydraulic cylinder for tractor three point hitch system makes the weight transfer of tractor difficult during the soil penetration process of the air explosive nozzle, separate fixing system was needed for hard soil.
2. Investigation of precedent study for manure discharging.
Treatment and utilization of livestock manure was investigated to examine the possibilities of using explosive subsoiler to apply livestock manure into subsoil. Treatment facilities of livestock manure was needed for this purpose, and specially designed vehicle was used for transporting livestock manure. Different structural system from explosive subsoiler was used for applying the livestock manure in the soil. Thus it was concluded that explosive subsoiler developed in this study can not be used for application of livestock manure into subsoil.
3. Measurement and analysis of subsoil conditions in orchard.
Because subsoil conditions in orchard affect the growth of fruit trees directly, compaction study was carried out in the apple, pear and peach garden. Hard soil pan was formed for soil depth range of 20-30 cm under the surface soil and this hard soil layer impede the root growth of fruit trees. For improving the subsoil conditions in orchard, it was concluded that rupture of subsoil zone by subsoiler is needed with application of soil improving material such as lime.
4. Design of explosive subsoiler.
Dynamic analysis of explosive subsoiler was carried out using the three dimensional simulation model for examining the stability zone. Stability zone was 38.5 degree forward direction and 37.0 degree for side direction, and this value showed fairly wide range of stability zone but for the levelled surface, from the 15cm height of obstacle, the stability of prototype was not secured. Thus even in the security zone with the above range, for real situation with small obstacle in orchard or forest, stability of subsoiler can be worsen more. Stability zone from the stability test in sloped forest was a little smaller than that of the simulation results.
For the same vehicle, slope and soil density, simulation results showed that vehicle is safer on sandy loam than on dry sandy soil. The prototype was designed as self propelled type and overall length of the prototype was reduced as possible as to facilitate the maneuverability in the orchard and forests. Assuming the power transmission efficiency as 80%, simulation results showed that power requirement for subsoiler was less than 14.6kw, thus 15kW air cooled engine was selected for providing power. Traction device of protype was designed as track type to improve the slope adaptation ability and reduce the turning radius. Powder supplying hopper and clogging preventing device were developed and attached to the prototype for injecting the soil improving material such as lime into subsoil zone.
Soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler is composed of air hammer, penetration rob and injection nozzle. To support the soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler and to penetrate the nozzle vertically, modified Scott-Russel mechanism was used. Timing control device for simultaneous injection of soil improving material with air was attached to the out side wall of air cylinder and as the cylinder move, the soil improving material was injected into soil at the same time.
5. Construction of prototype and field performance test.
Depth for soil rupture was set as 500 mm considering the soil hard pan depth, generally 30 em, of orchard and forest. It was possible to use the grain type soil improving material for automatic metering device of conventional explosive subsoiler, but when using the lime, there was clogging problems and the input volume of lime per cycle was less than 100cc. To resolve this problem, inclination angle of lime hopper was increased from 60 degree to 70 degree and the shape of hopper was changed from rectangular cone to circular cone. Agitating system operated by compressed air was attached to the metering device of the prototype, thus more than 90 cc of lime was passed per cycle of metering device without clogging problems.
Turning radius of prototype was 2.2-2.3 m and safe inclination angle for prototype was 22 degree. It tooks approximately 1 minute for lime injection system to reach the optimum pressure of 0.99 Mpa/$cm^2$, average 10-20 seconds were required to a soil rupture depth of 500mm and 2-3 seconds were required for explosion, so all in all about 1 minute and 20 seconds were required for one cycle of explosion. Maximum soil rupture depth and radius were 50 cm and 3-4 m respectively depending on the soil type and soil moisture content.
6. Cost analysis for prototype.
The cost of operating prototype was 442,410 won/ha. Prototype was able to save 32% of operating cost compared that of the operating cost of tractor attachment type subsoiler, 649,717 won/ha.
7. Performance and application test for forestry.
A series of application and performance test of prototype for forestry was carried out using Silver Apricot, Chinese Fringe Tree and Korean Stewartia. Growth, material production and chlorophyll content of seedling of Silver Apricot, Chinese Fringe Tree and Korean Stewartia were measured and compared between two groups of treatments: no treatment and subsoiling treatment with prototype. Height growth of seedlings in subsoiling treatment field was two times compared with that of the seedling height in no treatment field. Root growth and material production of silver Apricot seedling in subsoiling treatment field were much higher than that of the seedling in no treatment field. For chestnut tree, there was not so much difference in height growth between two treatment fields but root growth in subsoiling treatment field was 7 % higher compared with that in no treatment field.
From the above results it was concluded that using the explosive subsoiler can not only increase the productivity of fruit trees but also shorten the duration of seedling production. From the adaptation test for sloped mountainous areas, it was found that for more effective use of prototype in these areas, it is needed to improve the mobility of the prototype by increasing the height clearance.

목차 Contents

• 제출문 ... 1
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 11
• CONTENTS ... 15
• 목차 ... 21
• 제 1 장 연구개발 과제의 개요 ... 31
• 제 1 절 연구의 목적 ... 31
• 제 2 절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 31
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 32
• 제 1 절 국내외 기술현황 ... 32
• 제 2 절 현 기술상태의 취약성 ... 32
• 제 3 절 앞으로의 전망 ... 32
• 제 4 절 기술도입의 타당성 ... 33
• 제 3 장 연구개발 수행내용 및 결과 ... 34
• 제 1 절 과수 및 수목의 심토관리기계 이용실태조사 ... 34
• 1. 조사 배경 및 방법 ... 34
• 2. 조사내용 및 결과 ... 34
• 3. 요약 및 결론 ... 38
• 제 2 절 자주식 심토환경 개선기로 분뇨살포 검토 ... 39
• 1. 가축분뇨의 처리와 이용 ... 39
• 2. 가축분뇨 처리시설 설치현황 ... 39
• 3. 과수원에 가축분뇨 시용 ... 40
• 가. 사과 과수원 ... 40
• 나. 배 과수원 ... 41
• 4. 결론 ... 43
• 제 3 절 과수원토양의 심토환경 측정 및 분석 ... 44
• 1. 재료 및 방법 ... 44
• 가. 과수원 토양의 심토 환경 측정 ... 44
• 나. 과수원 심토부의 토양경도 분석 ... 45
• 2. 결과 및 고찰 ... 45
• 3. 결론 ... 49
• 제 4 절 자주식 심토환경 개선기 설계 ... 50
• 1. 압축공기에 의한 토양 파쇄이론 ... 50
• 가. 공극형성을 위한 토양파쇄 에너지 ... 50
• 2. 심토파쇄기의 압축공기 분사노즐의 토양관입 및 토양개량제 자동 계량부 ... 54
• 가. 압축공기를 이용한 심토환경 개선기 구성 ... 54
• 나. 분사노즐의 토양 관입장치의 링크구조 ... 55
• 다. 토양개량제 자동계량 및 분사시기 ... 59
• 라. 결과 요약 ... 60
• 3. 자주식 심토환경 개선기 본체의 안전성 분석 ... 61
• 가. 시작기의 안정성 분석(1차) ... 61
• 나. 시작기의 안정성 분석(2차) ... 64
• 4. 소요 동력 계산 및 주행부 선정 ... 67
• 가. 견인성능 예측 ... 67
• 나. 견인력 예측의 변수 ... 68
• 다. 실제 모형에 적용 ... 68
• 5. 결과 및 고찰 ... 72
• 제 5 절 시작기 기능별 요인시험 ... 73
• 1. 요인시험장치 제원 ... 73
• 2. 주행예비 성능시험 ... 73
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 73
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 74
• 다. 결과요약 ... 74
• 3. 토양개량제 자동계량 시험 ... 74
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 74
• 나. 토양개량제 계량시험 요인시험 ... 75
• 다. 시험결과 및 고찰 ... 75
• 라. 결론 ... 76
• 4. 분말 토양개량제(소석회) 막힘장치 개량 ... 76
• 가. 호퍼 개량보완 ... 76
• 나. 토양개량제 막힘해소 장치 개량요인 시험 ... 77
• 다. 분말 토양개량제 막힘해소장치 설계제작(특허) ... 79
• 라. 현장포장 시험결과 ... 79
• 제 6 절 시작기 제작 ... 80
• 1. 시작기 통합설계 제작 ... 80
• 가. 시작기 구조 ... 80
• 나. 제원 ... 82
• 제 7 절 시작기 성능 시험 ... 83
• 1. 시험 방법 ... 83
• 가. 토양개량제 계량 투입시험 ... 83
• 나. 자주식 심토환경 개선기 성능 및 토양개량제 확산정도 조사 ... 83
• 2. 결과 및 고찰 ... 85
• 가. 자주식 심토 환경 개선기 포장 성능시험 ... 85
• 나. 심토파쇄 및 분말 토양개량제(석회)의 투입상태 ... 88
• 3. 결론 ... 89
• 제 8 절 자주식 심토환경 개선기에 대한 임업의 현지적용 및 성능시험(협동과제) ... 89
• 1. 임목의 생육상황조사 ... 90
• 가. 묘목 ... 90
• 나. 유실수 ... 94
• 다. 조경수 및 정원수 ... 95
• 2. 심토환경 개선기 현지적용 시험 ... 100
• 가. 주행 및 등판성능 시험 ... 100
• 나. 작업능률 시험 ... 100
• 3. 요약 및 결론 ... 102
• 제 9 절 시작기 경제성 분석 ... 103
• 1. 기계이용 비용 ... 103
• 제 10 절 요약 및 결론 ... 104
• 1. 과수 및 수목의 토양관리 기계 이용실태조사 ... 104
• 2. 분뇨 살포 기술에 대한 선행연구 조사 ... 105
• 3. 과수원 토양의 심토환경 측정 분석 ... 105
• 4. 자주식 심토환경 개선기 설계 ... 105
• 5. 시작기 설계제작 및 포장 성능시험 ... 106
• 6. 시작기의 경제성분석 ... 107
• 7. 자주식 심토환경 개선기에 대한 임업의 현지 적용 및 성능 시험 ... 107
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 108
• 1. 목표달성도 ... 108
• 2. 평가의 착안점에 따른 목표달성도 자체평가 ... 110
• 3. 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 110
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 112
• 1. 추가연구의 필요성 ... 112
• 2. 타 연구에의 응용 ... 112
• 3. 기업화 추진방안 ... 112
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외 과학기술정보 ... 113
• 제 1 절 과수원 토양관리 기계기술 현황 ... 113
• 1. 일본의 과수재배 현황 ... 113
• 2. 일본의 과수재배연구(토양관리) ... 113
• 3. 일본에서 이용되고 있는 과수재배 농기계 ... 115
• 4. 일본의 수목의 토양관리 연구 ... 117
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 119
• 제 8 장 부록 ... 121
• 제 1 절 자주식 심토환경 개선기 이용기술 ... 121
• 1. 각부의 명칭 ... 121
• 2. 심토환경 개선기 작동순서 ... 126
• 3. 작업방법 및 안전주의사항 ... 130
• 끝페이지 ... 136