초록 ▼

○연구결과
1세부
-Wood ceramic 기법을 활용한 탄화온도 800℃에서 최적의 탄소보드를 제조하였으며 우수한 물성을 나타냈다.숯-목질요소(섬유)혼합보드의 제조는 성공적이었으며 혼합되는 슻의 크기는 에틸렌가스 흡착력, 휨강도등을 고려하여 보면 100∼200mesh가 더 우수한 물성을 나타냈다. 2차년도에는 기존의 탄화로나 연속식 탄화로에서 제조된 탄화물을 적절한 크기로 가공 조정하여 비포르마린계 접착제를 활용하여 가스흡착 등 숯의 성질을 그대로 살린 기능성숯보드를 제조 개발하고 합판과의 컴포지트도 100%성공시키는

○연구결과
1세부
-Wood ceramic 기법을 활용한 탄화온도 800℃에서 최적의 탄소보드를 제조하였으며 우수한 물성을 나타냈다.숯-목질요소(섬유)혼합보드의 제조는 성공적이었으며 혼합되는 슻의 크기는 에틸렌가스 흡착력, 휨강도등을 고려하여 보면 100∼200mesh가 더 우수한 물성을 나타냈다. 2차년도에는 기존의 탄화로나 연속식 탄화로에서 제조된 탄화물을 적절한 크기로 가공 조정하여 비포르마린계 접착제를 활용하여 가스흡착 등 숯의 성질을 그대로 살린 기능성숯보드를 제조 개발하고 합판과의 컴포지트도 100%성공시키는 공정을 개발하였다. 숯의 기능을 그대로 유지하도록 탄소보드 신제품과 합판과의 컴퍼지트 적정제조조건 구명하였다. 숯(백탄) 자체보다 가스흡착효과가 높고 오버레이하지 않은숯(백탄)보드와 동등한 기능성을 나타내는 기능성섬유상물질오버레이숯보드를 제조 개발하였다. 숯의 기능성을 유지하는 복합구조의 공기유입공극구조에 관련한 공기유입구의 적정비율을 구명하였다.
에칠렌가스 흡착성능을 측정하고 딸기의 보관성을 측정하여 그 유지･효과를 구명하였다. 계획에는 없었으나 추가로 제조된 숯보드와 오버레이 숯보드의 장기간 반복 가스흡착 능력시험을 실시하여 측정･검토 하였다. 또한 과제 종료일 이후에도 3년간 지속하여 검토할 예정이다.
2세부
-숯을 이용한 라이너보드의 개발과 일반 포장재로서 에틸렌가스가 문제시되거나 정전기가 문제시되는 제품의 포장을 위하여 이에 대한 실험을 실시하였고 완성하였다. 절화카네이션에서의 숯코팅포장재제조 및 적용실험으로 선도유지 포장재를 제작 및 실험하였다. 그 결과 카네이션의 신선도 유지시간이 약 2배 정도 유지되는 결과를 나타내었다. 숯코팅 과수봉지의 개발의 경우 숯을 코팅한 종이는 강도적 성질에 매우 우수한 특성을 보였다. 숯코팅과수봉지의 배 적용실험은 배를 선택하였으며, 과수봉지를 제작하고 감천배와 신고배에 적용하여 숯코팅배봉지의 실용화를 확립하게 되었다. 숯멀칭지의 감자 적용실험은 숯 멀칭지를 제작완료하여 2004 년도 봄에 봄감자에 적용하였으며, 수확후의 봄감자의 품질과 숯코팅 멀칭지의 분해효과등을 분석하여 실용화 가능성을 구명하였다. 숯코팅포장재의 바나나, 방울토마토 저장실험은 저장-유통 중의 과수의 저장기간을 연장하기위해 숯코팅포장박스를 이용하여 바나나와 방울토마토의 저장효과를 측정하여 과채류의 저장기간을 연장할 수 있었다.
협동
-1년차 연구결과는 재료의 요구성능 만족기준연구 및 내화성 표면코팅재 선정/물성평가, 표면 코팅재의 개발/시방서 제정을 완료하였으며 표면코팅재와 주재료와의 접합부 상세설계 및 표면코팅재의 보양/양생조건 제안, 코팅재료와 심재(숯)의 혼합제품의 바이오 유지효과 검토를 위한 연구의 적정 재료선정을 완료하였다. 2년차 연구결과는 기 선정된 표면코팅재료의 단점 개선 및 보안에 대한 다양한 재료의 선택으로 연구의 진행을 심도 있게 진행하였으며, 황토와 바텀애쉬를 첨가한 표면코팅재료에서 재활용 및 친환경 및 무독성을 지닌 다공성 재료 첨가하는 방법을 선택하였다. 그러므로 기존의 내화용 코팅재료와의 단가 비교시 탁월한 경제적 이점을 가져왔으며, 이는 또 다른 혼합재료의 기능성 평가 실험을 통해 입증하였다. 3년차 연구결과는 1, 2차년도 연구결과에서 폐 EPS는 혼입한 본 개발 제품은 기존의 제품에 비하여 단위결합재량을 감소시키고도 동등한 수준의 압축강도를 얻을 수 있었으며 흡수율, 경량성 등이 뛰어나며, 특히 재활용 소재를 활용하여 표면피복재를 개발할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 더욱이 제품의 원가 절감뿐만 아니라 산업부산물인 폐 EPS의 재활용을 도모할 수 있었다. 따라서 심재로 사용되는 재료가 숯 뿐만 아니라 타 재료라도 상관없이 그 효능을 발휘할 수 있도록 도포해주는 피복재료의 개발은 매우 중요한 개발 분야이며, 타 분야에도 응용이 가능할 것이며, 특히 재활용 소재를 적용한 응용분야에도 활발하게 관여할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results and application
1. 1st Sub-project
a. Summary of the research results for the 1st year
The woodceramics are porous amorphous carbon and glassy carbon composite materials. Woodceramics attracted a lot of attention in recent years becausse they are environmentally friendly and bec

Ⅳ. Results and application
1. 1st Sub-project
a. Summary of the research results for the 1st year
The woodceramics are porous amorphous carbon and glassy carbon composite materials. Woodceramics attracted a lot of attention in recent years becausse they are environmentally friendly and because of their unique functional characteristics such as catalysis, moisture absorption, deodorization, purification, carrier for microbial activity, specific stiffness, corrosion and friction resistance, and their electromagnetic shielding capacity. In this paper, we made new products of clay-woodceramics. Properties of the clay-woodceramics, the industrial analysis and ethylene gas adsorption for basic data of building- and packging- materials were investigated. Clay-woodceramics were carbonized for 3 hours of heating in a special furnace under a gas flow of nitrogen(15 ml/min.) from 3 layers-clay-woodparticleboard made from pallet waste wood , phenol formaldehyde resin(hereafter PF, Non volatile content:52%, resin content 30%), and clay(10%, 20% and 30%). Carbonization temperature was 400℃, 600℃ and 800℃. Experimental results shows that the higher the carbonization temperature, the higher the fixed carbon and the lower the volatile contents. The higher the clay content, the more the ash content. The higher the carbonization temperature, the more the ethylene gas adsorption. Carbonization temperature of 800℃ gave the best reslts( Water absorption, dimensional stability, heat conductivity, bending strength, MOE, ethylene gas adsorption, far infra red ray radiation etc.) as same as that of white charcoal and activated carbon.(800℃-clay-woodceramic: 5.36ppm, white charcoal: 5.66ppm, activated carbon: 5.79ppm) The clay contents did not make any difference of ethylene gas adsorption.
Development of Charcoal-Fiberboard by Wet Forming Process
This study was carried out to make charcoal-fiberboard without adhesives addition using wet forming process to reveal superior adsorption power by high specific surface of charcoal and to estimate ethylene gas adsorption of charcoal-fiberboard and properties of charcoal-fiberboard. Charcoal-fiberboard without adhesives using wet forming process will be applied to specific building material, fruit storage box and so forth. Results are as following.
1. The higher the mixing ratio of charcoal in board, the more the water absorption rate, and the lesser the swelling rate. Therefore high dimensional stability was shown in at high mixing ratio of charcoal.
2. At the same mixing ratio of fiber to charcoal, #100-200 of charcoal particle size gave the better results than # 60-100.
3. The proper mixing ratio were 8:2 and 6:4 in the ratio wood fiber to charcoal.
Ethylene gas adsorption capacity and preserving effect of fruit freshness of Charcoal-fiberboard by wet forming process
This research was carried out for packing materials and building materials to examine ethylene gas adsorption and effect of keeping fruit fresh of wet formed charcoal-fiber composite made from defibrated fiber of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and white charcoal from Quercus variabilis Bl.(wood fiber: charcoal=8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8), with/without phenol formaldehyde resin(PF, Non volatile content:52%, resin content 1,3,5%). The results are summarized as follows:
1. The higher the charcoal content, the more the ethylene gas adsorption. At the same mixing ratio of fiber to charcoal, #100-200 of charcoal particle size gave the better results than # 60-100.
2. Adding PF into the charcoal fiber composite decreased the capacity of ethylene gas adsorption but there was no significant difference until 5% adding amount of PF.
3. For keeping fruit fresh for a long time, Charcoal fiber composite was 66% longer than control. The higher the white charcoal content, the longer fresh time.
b. Summary of the research results for the 2nd year
The manufacture of functional charcoal board and charcoalboard composite as porous carbon materials
This study was carried out to develop the manufacturing process of functional charcoal board, to bring light on charcoal particle size and dry or wet process, and to maintain the advantageous properties of charcoal as a building material for solving the sick house problem. Excellent functional charcoalboard was developed with the proper condition of wet mat process(MC 40-60%), two particle size( #40-60 type, mixed type), non formaldehyde adhesives(MDI, poly vinyl acetate emulsion) and three stage pressing cycle of 30-10-30 kgf/㎠ (1min.-1.5min.-6min.). Activated charcoalboard gave better results in gas adsorption than charcoalboard.
Veneer overlaid charcoalboard and Perforated plywood- charcoal board composite for amenity and decoration.
This study was developed to manufacture very thin natural wood veneer overlaid charcoalboard, to manufacture perforated plywood-charcoalboard composite for enhancing both mechanical properties and esthetic value of charcoalboard in the indoor environment use, and to use the advantageous properties of charcoal as a building material for solving the sick house problem. Very thin elm veneer(thickness 0.22mm, naked void ratio 26.9%) overlaid charcoalboard gave same gas adsorption as the control of charcoalboard. Perforated(perforated area ratio 25%, proper diameter and numbers;1.38cm,10)plywood-charcoalboard composite enhanced not only mechanical properties but also esthetic beauty. This developed products turned out not only to maintain functional properties of charcoal, but also to exhibit the esthetic beauty.
c. Summary of the research results for the 3rd year
Manufacture of functional fiberous materials overlaid charcoal board This study was carried out to manufacture fiberous materials overlaid charcoalboard, to enhance the esthetic value of the surface color of charcoal and charcoalboard for the indoor environment, and to use the advantageous properties of charcoal as a building material for solving the sick house problem. Two kinds of fiberous overlaid material were used for charcoalboard, such as pattern thin paper(15-35g/㎡,0.04mm) and nonwoven fabric(30g/㎡,0.12mm, naked void ratio 39%). Hot pressing condition was 100-130℃, 10kg/㎠, and 2 minutes with poly vinyl acetate emulsion adhesive(NVC42%, spreading weight 160g/㎡). This fiborous overlaid charcoalboard gave the better gas adsorption than natural charcoal. This manufacturing process turned out not only to maintain functional properties of charcoal, but also to exhibit the esthetic beauty.
Development of wood-charcoal-different material composite for humanbody-favored building material
This study was carried out to manufacture wood-charcoal-different material composite, to enhance the esthetic value of the surface color of charcoal and charcoalboard for the indoor environment, and to use the advantageous properties of charcoal as a humnbody- favored building material for solving the sick house problem. Multi- composite structure was composed of three components, wood and wood based material as surface structure, perforated plastic box or aluminium box in medium structure, and then charcoal particle in the perforated box or charcoal board as back structure. Air drain structure of wood-charcoaldifferent material multi-composite was best at 2.5-5% of air drain ratio to the surface ratio for the three kinds of multi-composite structure such as Slider model, Louver model, and Siding model. This air drain ratio turned out not only to maintain functional properties of charcoal, but also to exhibit the esthetic beauty of surface material.
Ethylene gas adsorption and Strawberry's freshness maintenace of white charcoal board and overlaid white charcoal board
This research was carried out ethylene gas adsorption and keeping freshness to investigate the packaging possibility of the white charcoal board. The white charcoal board has 2 types, one is the mixed type charcoal board that made of the charcoal particle passed through 618mesh(15.5%), 1840mesh(49.1%), 4060mesh (22.3%) and 60200mesh(13.1%), another is the #40-60 type white charcoal board that made of 4060mesh (100%) particle. All white charcoal board was made from nonformaldehyde resin( PVA, MDI ) by wet forming process. The properties of board were ; density 0.71±0.01g/㎤, moiture contents 2.39±0.06%, bending strength 45.51±1.5kgf/㎠, internal bonding strength 12.46±0.2kgf/㎠. The results were as follows;
1. The ethylene gas adsorption of charcoal board was much better than the paper and better than that of white charcoal itself. The adsorption of overlaid white charcoal board and nonoverlaid white charcoal board was much the same.
2. Gray mold(gray fungi) growth of strawberry in the paper box and strawberry in white charcoalboard box arises after 2 days and 4 days ,respectively. So keeping freshness ability of white charcoalboard box was approximately two times more than that of paper box.
3. The freshness maintenace abillity of overlaid white charcoal board and nonoverlaid white charcoal board was much the same.
Long-term Cyclic Gas Adsorption of White Charcoalboard and Overlaid White Charcoalboard
For the indoor serviceability of charcoal composites, long-term cyclic gas adsorption is necessary. Specimens put in the ambient laboratory room, and calculated ethylene gas adsorption value at the high content of 10-20ppm ethylene gas for each test. Until now, 18 weeks test gave good results which maintain same adsorption capacity as origin. The adsorption of overlaid white charcoal board and nonoverlaid white charcoal board was much the same.
2. 2nd Sub-project
a. Summary of the research results for the 1st year
Several different charcoals were applied to linerboards by internal addition and by surface coating, and their strength property changes, ethylene adsorption rates, and electric conductivity were measured. The charcoal containing linerboards are to be used back liner in manufacturing corrugated boards, which are normally used in agricultural products packaging. Fine charcoal from oak was very effective in ethylene adsorption, and no more than 30-50% internal addition of it on paper weight was necessary to maximize ethylene adsorption effect. Surface coating of charcoal was most effective in maximizing gas adsorption and in keeping board strength properties from lowering. The color of charcoal containing linerboards can be changed by using multiply method. For electric conductivity, we found carbon fiber was more effective than fine charcoal.
b. Summary of the research results for the 2nd year
Charcoal containing produce boxes, fruit bags, and mulching papers were developed. The charcoal containing boxes were used to investigate their ability to keep the produce in fresh state longer. The produce boxes were first used to carnation in cold storage room. We found that charcoal containing boxes could delay aging time up to 2 times longer than normal storage boxes after they were out from the storage room for sale. The charcoal containing fruit bags were used to produce better quality pears, and the mulching paper to produce higher yield potato, respectively. The complete results and their analyses of the effects of fruit bags and mulching papers will be available in 3rd year because of their growing season.
c. Summary of the research results for the 3rd year
Charcoal containing fruit bags were used for 'Gamchon' and 'Singo' pears. Their results showed than charcoal fruit bags gave very nice deep brown color, and raise the brix number higher than control fruit bags for both 'Gamchon' and 'Singo' pears. Economic advantage of obtaining these higher quality could be higher than the expense increase by application of charcoal on fruit bags. The charcoal containing mulching paper gave 20% more total harvest weight of potato than no mulching, and 10% more than black vinyl mulching. The average weight of individual potato was almost the same for charcoal mulching paper and vinyl mulching, but 30% lower for no mulching.
Charcoal containing produce boxes were used to store banana and small tomato in room temperature. For bananas in normal banana boxes, black spot defects showed up in 4 days, but for bananas in charcoal boxes, in 6 days or later, respectively. For small tomato, charcoal containing boxes lowered the number of defected small tomato up to 30% in 8 days. These advantages using charcoal containing boxes are more than the added cost of using charcoal. Real practice and market variation will decide the use of this charcoal technology in future.
3. 3rd Cooperration Research Project
a. Summary of the research results for the 1st year
1) Usually, Fly ash in case of is known as that improve fluidity by effect of Fly ash particle of round shape, but spend much amounts to Foam concrete's cement greate system with this experiment in case use a reasonable quantity by admixture for concrete effect of mend of these liquidity to expect by thing which is difficult judge .
2) Foam concrete's apparent specific gravity that mix Fly ash displayed 0.340.73's scope according to unit fission amount, and was expose that there is no big change according to the Fly ash principal parts rate.
3) In case of absorption coefficient by the Fly ash principal parts rate, displayed tendency that increase by jot according as the principal parts amount increases but Foam concrete's absorption coefficient that mix Fly ash expressed unit fission amount and 19.939.8%'s extent according to the principal parts rate, and was expose that receive effect according to unit fission amount mainly.
b. Summary of the research results for the 2nd year
1) Essential condition of surface serving must have gap structure that can do so that may express function of built-in heartwood just as it is, and must be satisfied non combustible material in local currency canon at fire moreover to apply to indoor.
2) Because of surface covering material is superior tack with heartwood, there must not be segregation phenomenon, must satisfy to quality regulation that contraction change of product, thermal conductivity, surface's compressive strength, weight etc. prescribe in KS.
3) This result is utilize derelict material to do to reduce raw material production cost that is coincided price competitive power of material and recycling upbringing policy, it is desirable that observe standard if fold high quality that do to use from people residing.
c. Summary of the research results for the 3rd year
1) 1, 2 yr development product that research result sees that lungs EPS mixs than existent product unit union discretion reduce and could receive compressive strength of equal level and absorption coefficient, light weight attribute etc.. could know that can excel, and utilize recycling site specially and develop surface serving.
2) Moreover, it could plan lungs EPS's recycling that is Industry product as well as cost reduction of product.
3) Therefore, development of sheathing that material that is used for heartwood spreads so that another thing material as well as charcoal can display the effect irrelatively is very important development field, and is judged that application may be possible, and specially can be concerned vigorously to application field that apply recycling theme to another thing field.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 16
• CONTENTS ... 28
• 목차 ... 29
• 제 1장 1세부과제 ... 30
• 제 1절 1년차 연구수행결과 ... 30
• 1. 공시재료 ... 30
• 2. Clay-Wood ceramic 탄소보드제조용 파티클보드의 물리적 성질 ... 30
• 3. Clay-Wood ceramic 탄소보드제조용 파티클보드의 기계적 성질 ... 31
• 4. 숯-목질요소 혼합보드의 물리적 성질 ... 31
• 5. 숯-목질요소(섬유) 혼합보드의 기계적 성질 ... 33
• 6. Clay-Wood ceramic 탄소보드의 제탄 특성 ... 34
• 7. Clay-Wood ceramic 탄소보드의 물리적 성질 ... 36
• 8. Clay-Wood ceramic 탄소보드의 기계적 성질 비교 ... 41
• 9. Clay-Wood ceramic 탄소보드의 공업분석 ... 42
• 10. 참고문헌 ... 43
• 제 2절 2년차 연구수행 결과 ... 45
• 1. 재료 및 방법 ... 45
• 2. 탄소보드 신제품 개발 ... 46
• 3. 합판의 적정 중공 면적과 공구 직경 구명 ... 53
• 4. 기능성숯보드와 합판과의 컴포지트 공정 및 적정 제조조건 구명 ... 54
• 5. 제품의 물리·기계적 성질 조사 ... 58
• 6. 참고문헌 ... 60
• 제 3절 3년차 연구수행 결과 ... 61
• 1. 재료 및 방법 ... 61
• 2. 탄소보드신제품과 신소재와의 컴포지트 개발 ... 62
• 3. 탄소보드 신제품과 이종재료 복합구조의 공기유입구 구명 ... 65
• 4. 제품의 물리·기계적 성질 조사 ... 69
• 5. 참고문헌 ... 75
• 제 2장 2세부과제 ... 76
• 제 1절 1년차 연구수행 결과 ... 76
• 1 숯 골판지 원지제조 ... 76
• 2. 결론 ... 88
• 3. 연구수행에 따른 문제점 및 대책 ... 88
• 4. 연구성과 및 활용계획 ... 88
• 제 2절 2년차 연구수행 결과 ... 89
• 1 선도유지 포장재 적용시험 ... 89
• 2. 숯 과수봉지 제조 ... 94
• 3. 숯 멀칭지 제조 ... 96
• 4. 결론 ... 97
• 제 3절 3년차 연구수행 결과 ... 98
• 1 숯 과수 봉지 ... 98
• 2 숯 멀칭지 ... 102
• 3. 숯을 활용한 선도유지 포장재시험 (바나나 및 방울토마토 저장실험) ... 109
• 제 3장 협동연구 과제 ... 120
• 제 1절 1년차 연구수행 결과 ... 120
• 1. 서론 ... 120
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 123
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 126
• 4. 결론 ... 133
• 5. 참고문헌 ... 134
• 제 2절 2년차 연구수행 결과 ... 135
• 1. 서론 ... 135
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 135
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 146
• 4. 결론 ... 151
• 5. 참고문헌 ... 152
• 제 3절 3년차 연구수행 결과 ... 153
• 1. 서론 ... 153
• 2. 재료 및 방법 ... 157
• 3. 결과 및 고찰 ... 167
• 4. 결론 ... 186
• 5. 참고문헌 ... 189
• 끝페이지 ... 191