초록

○ 연구결과
1세부과제의 경우 환경친화적 수용성 유리의 조성범위, 수용성 유리 제조 및 특성평가와 환경친화성 발포다공성 유리제조, Micro-nurient 원소 함유 Eco-Glass 제조의 핵심 기술을 확보하였다. 2세부과제는 작물재배에 적합한 Eco-Glass의 성분 함량 및 용출도 구명, Eco-Glass의 환경친화적 특성평가를 하였으며, 3세부과제에서는 Eco-Glass 함유 비료 제조법, 화훼용 완효성 비료 처방 및 분화용 전문배지를 개발하는 성과를 얻었다.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Result and Future works
1. Results
1) Fabrication of New Functional Eco Glasses
In this works we were focusing on the development of ECO Glass for using glass fertilizer. Presently, the dissolution properties of chemical fertilizer used widely in agriculture have immediate effect so that

Ⅳ. Result and Future works
1. Results
1) Fabrication of New Functional Eco Glasses
In this works we were focusing on the development of ECO Glass for using glass fertilizer. Presently, the dissolution properties of chemical fertilizer used widely in agriculture have immediate effect so that it offers excess nutrition than those plants needed or releases to the soil. Resulting in not only the great waste of fertilizer but environmental problems due to the soil acidulation. Therefore, the controllable release glass fertilizer that offers the nutrients as much as the plants needed for months or years is studied by many researchers. We were also carrying out the experiment based on K2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses system and improved the glass system by changing the glass composition or addition the trace elements.
a) We surveyed the papers about inorganic Eco materials. The numerous papers and 89patents were collected by the expert inviting seminar and laboratory meeting
b) Fabrication soluble Eco Glasses and evaluation of properties.
30 glass compositions were developed and fabricated from melting test in (0-40)K2O-(0-50)CaO-(40-100)P2O5 system. The prepared glasses were analyzed the thermal properties: with increasing the CaO contents, the glass transition temperature increased, and dissolution velocity was mainly depended on the K+ ion contents. To analyse the structure, we carried out experimentals with FT-IR, and Raman spectrum and showed that the K2O contents were inversely proportional to glass bonding strength. we showed that the dissolution properties could be controlled by chaining glass composition, particle size, and chemical contents.
c) Improvement of Eco glass composition : Modified glasses compositions were based, and added SiO2 to provide more nutrition to the crops during growth. This modified K-C-S-P glasses showed that the dissolution properties could be controlled as well like K-C-P glasses.
d) Fabrication of porosity glass : Porosity glasses based on K2O-CaO-P2O5 glass system have solubility, and porosity gave the advantage to dissolution properties. Also it shows that this glass could be used as a crop medium. As the aeration materials, inorganic aeration materials were used such as CaCO3, MgCO3, Li2CO3,and K2CO3. The porosity glasses were fabricated by various conditions, and it was possible to control the porosity size and porosity concentration.
e) Property evaluation of porosity glasses : Prepared porosity glasses were investigated by pH and weight loss and showed the similar properties with K2O-CaO-P2O5 .
f) Evaluation of decomposition and solubility property of K2O-CaO-P2O5.
In the water, pH, weight loss, weight change, hardness and dissolution amount were measured. With increasing the time, pH changed to acidify, and hardness and weight loss increased. Finally, the decomposition property of mother glass increased in water.
g) K2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses containing trace elements.
We fabricated the K2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses containing trace elements and investigated the dissolution properties with pH meter and ICP analyzer. The doped trace elements do not have significant effect on the KCP2M, KCP7M, and the pH values of both samples were changed rapidly with 30 seconds and showed reciprocal results. The ICP analysis confirmed that the velocity of doped trace elements is proportional to the quantities of alkali oxides and could be controlled by mother glasses. Consequently, we think that the dissolution velocity and dissolution period would be controlled by composition change of mother glasses, and expect that it is possible to supply selectively and timely the needed nutrients by changing the glass compositions.
h) Survey the industrial chemicals and develop new batch composition with them: we surveyed the industrial chemicals which have cheap price and made glass composition with them to reduce the cost. In addition, we built a furnance to melt mass production
2) Effect of Eco-glass Application on Crop Growth and Yield a) As results from the cultivation experiment for the newly synthesized Eco-glass, by its compositions, it had been estimated that the ratio 40-20-40mole% of P2O5-K2O-CaO was suitable for soil substances need extremely slow-release. Based on their feature of slow-release, the ratio 40-30-30 mole% and 60-10-30 mole% were considered to suitable for seedbed or slow release compound fertilizer of upland crop rather than a cultivating medium. The ratio 50-20-30 mole% was difficult to apply to the cultivating medium or the source of slow release compound fertilizer due to its fast solubility.
b) In the results from the water culture experiment of lettuce by replacing P2O5, K2O, and CaO of inorganic elements of hydroponic water to Eco-glass, it was shown the same effects in both growth and yield, so Eco-glass was thought to be used as hydroponic medium.
c) We examined the Eco-glass of 40P2O5-30K2O-30CaO mole% was suitable as fertilizer for rice. This showed the same effects on growth, yield and quality of rice compared to fused phosphate and potassium chloride sale at a market, so it would be thought that Eco-glass had a possibility for a fertilizer.
d) When UF-KCP2, Eco-glass containing complex fertilizer, was applied to Zoysiagrass, it had no differences compared to complex fertilizer sale at a market in a density and a color of turf, but it increased the top dry weight significantly and decreased root dry weight significantly as well as total nitrogen contents of plants.
e) The application of Eco-glass containing complex fertilizer UF-KCP7 had no significant differences compared to complex fertilizer sale at a market in growth and yield of lettuce and Pak Choi(Brassica campestris var. chinensis), but it increased root dry weight significantly.
f) The application of Eco-glass containing microelement KCPME7 had the same effect for rice plant and carrot compared to complex fertilizer sale at a market. However in the case of rice plant, KCPME7 fertilization showed a little decreasing tendency in its yield but taste quality was increased a little compared to complex fertilizer sale at a market.
g) The application of Eco-glass containing compound fertilizer UF-KCP7 in Zoysiagrass was resulted in slight decrease of NH4-N and PO4 content and significant decrease of NO3-N contemt of leachate compared to complex fertilizer sale at a market. Therefore it was considered that UF-KCP2 acted as a slow release compound fertilizer. And it may be suitable for the source of environmentally sound fertilizer.
h) According to the results from this study, Eco-glass was suitable for fertilizer materials rather than cultivating medium, and application of Eco-glass influences positive effect to quality improvement rather than yield increase of crops. And also it was resulted that Eco-glass would be suitable for the source of environmentally sound fertilizer to decrease water and soil pollution. It is also estimated that it will be possible to produce the complex fertilizer, the slow release compound fertilizer, water culture fertilizer, complex fertilizer containing microelement using this Eco-glass. It was considered that the most important problem to solve is the economical efficiency.
3) Practicalization and development of adaptation technology for the Eco-Glass
a) As results from the analysis of fertilizer component and release in water for 8 kinds of Eco-glass ,it would be thought that KCP2 (40mole%P2O5-30mole%K2O-30mole%CaO) and KCP7(60mole% P2O5-10mole%K2O-30mole%CaO) were suitable for the environmental friendly characteristic materials in paddy and horticaltural needs respectively.
b) As results from the citric soluble property in inorganic nutrients and the slow release characteristic in water for the KCP2, it was estimated that KCP2 was suitable for paddy rice need, but KCP7 had rapid release rate compared with KCP2, it was selected to the horticultural use for the short-term growing plants.
c) KCPME2 and KCPME7 containing the 7 kinds of micro-elements had the same fertilizer effect and controlled release properties compared with KCP2 and KCP7 respectively, it would be thought that they had a possibility as sources to supply overall inorganic fertilizer components.
d) We examined that the complex fertilizer containing KCP2 was suitable for paddy fertilizer. This showed the same effects on growth, yield quantity of rice and inorganic nutrient supply capacity compared to previous DAP, fused phosphate as well potassium chloride, so it would be thought that KCP2 had a possibility for a raw material of paddy fertilizer. And, to the leaching test of KCP2 in phosphae and potash, it was measured low contents of P,K components compared with any other chemical fertilizer group.
e) We examined the complex fertilizer containing KCP7 was suitable for horticultural fertilizer. This showed the same effects on growth, yield quantity of red pepper, inorganic nutrient supply capacity compared to previous DAP, fused phosphate as well potassium chloride, so it would be thought that KCP2 had a possibility for a raw material of horticultural fertilizer.
f) To develop the complex fertilizer for floricultural crop(CFFC), When Eco-Glass, UF and coated urea was applied to chrysanthemum, CFFCs were superior to conventional chemical fertilizer and IBDU, but it decreased the damage compared with general compound fertilizers and IBDU for 180days long-term growing period . It's more safer KCP7 than KCP2 in the damage of growth, it was thought that KCP7 was suitable for CFFCs.
g) We had experiment to develop the growing medium for long days containing Eco-Glass, UF and coated urea to fragrant plantain lily. The best fertilizer formulation of growing medium for fragrant plantain lily was it at the time of using UF and coated urea for N source, KCP7 for P,K source at the N contents of 1000ppm.
h) We tested melting examination from the pilot plant to investigate the mass production method of Eco-Glass. The process was as follow, 1. weighing of raw materials->2. mixing of raw materials->3. melting of glass(1150℃)->4. cooling in water->5. drying->6. pulverization , and the formulation test results of Eco-Glass was no problem. But, to enter into mass production, we will study more the detail process technology and production equipment considered the economical efficiency.
i) According to the results from this study, Eco-glass was suitable for environmental friendly materials to supply the inorganic nutrients and it was possible to make many different type fertilizers and products using Eco-Glass, such as granular complex fertilizer, slow released fertilizer, fertilizer containing micro-nutrients, growing media to nurse the flowering plant for a long term. But, in considering of Eco-Glass business, it would be thought that it's very important the cost down plan in production process and raw material supply. And the slow release method of Nitrogen was impossible in Eco-Glass, we will develop more detail plan to control of new product.
2. Future works
1) Additional Engineering development for commercialization.
- need the mass production technique.
- need advanced glass composition to reduce the cost by using industrial chemicals and natural chemicals.
- requirements for designing and building and melting furnace.
2) Survey other application fields

목차 Contents

• 제출문 ... 1
• 요약문 ... 2
• SUMMARY ... 9
• CONTENTS ... 16
• 목 차 ... 20
• 제1 장. 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 24
• 제1 절. 연구개발의 목적 및 필요성 ... 24
• 제2 장. 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 26
• 제1절 국내 현황 ... 26
• 제2절 국외 현황 ... 26
• 제3 장. 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 27
• 제1절 제1세부과제 :신기능성 Eco-Glass의 제조 ... 27
• 1. 서언 ... 27
• 2 연구 방법 및 내용 ... 28
• 가 이론 연구 ... 28
• 나 실험 방법 ... 32
• 1) 환경친화성 무기질 수용성 유리제조/ 특성평가 및 구조 해석/ 용출제어기구 발현 ... 32
• 2) Eco-glass조성 개량/ 발포유리제조 및 특성평가 / 수분에 따른 분해 특성 ... 35
• 3) 공업용 원료 및 배치 조성 개발 / 저원가 대량생산용 원료의 개발 ... 36
• 3 연구결과 ... 37
• 가. 수용성 유리의 제조 ... 37
• 나. 수용성 유리의 특성 평가 및 구조해석 ... 39
• 다. 용출 특성 평가 ... 41
• 라. 대량용융 수용성 시편의 용출특성 평가 ... 43
• 마. KCP2, KCP7 조성의 입도별 용출 특성평가 ... 48
• 바. 수용성 유리의 구조해석 ... 50
• 사. Analysis of X-ray diffraction ... 58
• 아. 작물 배지 실험용 수용성 유리의 제조 ... 60
• 자. Eco-Glass 조성의 개량 ... 61
• 차. 수분의 Potential에 따른 유리의 수용성 및 분해특성 평가 ... 66
• 카. 발포유리의 제조 ... 75
• 타. 다공질유리 분말의 특성평가 ... 77
• 파. 미량 영양소 함유 기술개발 ... 79
• 하. 양산 기술개발 실험/파이로트 용융로의 제작 및 양산화를 위한 용융로의 도면 설계 ... 87
• 4 결과 요약 ... 97
• 5 참고문헌 ... 99
• 제2절 제2세부과제 : Eco-glass의 작물재배 적합성 평가 ... 101
• 1. 서 언 ... 101
• 2. 연구방법 및 내용 ... 103
• 가. Eco-glass 조성별 작물재배 적합성 평가 ... 103
• 1) 주요 작물 토양 재배 실험 ... 103
• 2) 담액수경 재배시 Eco-Glass가 상추의 생육에 미치는 영향 ... 105
• 나. Eco-glass 첨가가 벼의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 108
• 다. Eco-glass 함유 복합비료(UF-KCP)가 작물의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 110
• 1) UF-KCP2가 잔디의 생육에 미치는 영향 ... 110
• 2) UF-KCP7이 엽채류의 생육에 미치는 영향 ... 112
• 라. 미량원소 함유 Eco-glass(KCPME7)가 작물의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 114
• 1) KCPME7이 벼의 생육 및 쌀 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 114
• 2) KCPME7이 당근의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향 ... 116
• 마. Eco-glass 함유 비료의 완효성과 친환경성 평가 ... 117
• 3. 연구결과 및 고찰 ... 120
• 가. Eco-glass 조성별 작물재배적합성 평가 ... 120
• 1) 주요 작물 토양 재배 실험 ... 120
• 2) 담액수경 재배시 Eco-Glass가 상추의 생육에 미치는 영향 ... 130
• 나. Eco-glass 첨가가 벼의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 132
• 다. Eco-glass 함유 복합비료(UF-KCP)가 작물의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 137
• 1) UF-KCP2가 잔디의 생육에 미치는 영향 ... 137
• 2) UF-KCP7이 엽채류의 생육에 미치는 영향 ... 141
• 라. 미량원소 함유 Eco-glass(KCPME7)가 작물의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 142
• 1) KCPME7이 벼의 생육 및 쌀 품질에 미치는 영향 ... 143
• 2) KCPME7이 당근의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향 ... 145
• 마. Eco-glass 함유 비료의 완효성과 친환경성 평가 ... 147
• 4. 결과요약 ... 152
• 5. 참고문헌 ... 154
• 제3절 제3세부과제 : Eco-Glass의 실용화 및 응용기술개발 ... 156
• 1. 서 언 ... 156
• 2. 연구방법 및 내용 ... 158
• 가. Eco-Glass의 비료로서의 적용가능성 ... 158
• 나. Eco-Glass를 이용한 입상 및 펠렛형 비료 제조 ... 160
• 다. Eco-Glass 함유 비료의 작물 생육효과 및 무기양분 공급력 ... 161
• 라. Eco-Glass 함유 화훼용 완효성 비료 및 장기분화용 배지 개발 ... 167
• 마. Eco-Glass 파이롯트 플랜트 ... 174
• 3. 연구결과 ... 175
• 가. Eco-Glass의 비료로서의 적용가능성 ... 175
• 나. Eco-Glass를 이용한 입상 및 펠렛형 비료 제조 ... 181
• 다. Eco-Glass 함유 비료의 작물 생육효과 및 무기양분 공급력 평가 ... 183
• 라. Eco-Glass 함유 화훼용 완효성 비료 및 장기분화용 배지 개발 ... 187
• 마. Eco-Glass 파이롯트 플랜트 시설 검토 ... 195
• 4. 결과요약 ... 198
• 5. 참고문헌 ... 201
• 제4 장. 목표달성도 및 관련분야의 기여도 ... 202
• 제1절. 목표 달성도 및 관련분야 기여도 ... 202
• 제5 장. 연구개발 결과의 활용 계획 ... 204
• 제1절. 연구 성과 핵심기술 및 성과물 ... 204
• 제2절. 활용계획 ... 204
• 제3절. 기업화를 위한 개발 연구의 활용(추가 연구) ... 204
• 제6 장. 수입한 과학 기술 정보 ... 206
• 끝페이지 ... 206