보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
강릉대학교 Kangnung National University |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2003-08 |
과제시작연도 |
2002 |
주관부처 |
농림부 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry |
등록번호 |
TRKO201400023669 |
과제고유번호 |
1380002807 |
사업명 |
농림기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 |
2014-11-10
|
초록
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○ 연구결과
1. 제1세부: 고랭지 여름배추의 생산성 향상 및 고품질화를 위한 지상부 생육조절기술 개발.
본 연구는 고랭지 여름배추의 생산성 향상 및 고품질화를 위한 지상부 웃자람 억제기술을 개발하기 위하여 생장억제제인 diniconazole을 사용하여 적정농도, 생육반응, 이화학적 특성을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 강력여름배추 품종을 공시하여 162구 근계 생육조절용 플러그 트레이에 파종하여 25일간 육묘 후 pot와 노지 포장에 정식하여 생육반응을 조사하였다. 적정농도구명을 위해 pot에 정식 후 diniconazole
○ 연구결과
1. 제1세부: 고랭지 여름배추의 생산성 향상 및 고품질화를 위한 지상부 생육조절기술 개발.
본 연구는 고랭지 여름배추의 생산성 향상 및 고품질화를 위한 지상부 웃자람 억제기술을 개발하기 위하여 생장억제제인 diniconazole을 사용하여 적정농도, 생육반응, 이화학적 특성을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 강력여름배추 품종을 공시하여 162구 근계 생육조절용 플러그 트레이에 파종하여 25일간 육묘 후 pot와 노지 포장에 정식하여 생육반응을 조사하였다. 적정농도구명을 위해 pot에 정식 후 diniconazole 농도에 따른 생육을 조사한 결과 엽장은 생육후기로 갈수록 처리구에서 짧아져 diniconazole 50mg․L-1가 웃자람 억제에 가장 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 엽수는 대조구에 비해 diniconazole 처리구에서 8∼10매 이상 증가하였다. Diniconazole 50mg․L-1를 처리하여 노지 정식 20일 후 생육반응을 조사한 결과 diniconazole 처리에서 구고는 대조구에 비해 약 7∼10cm 짧아 pot 실험에서와 같이 지상부 생육조절에 효과적이었다. 지상부 생체중과 건물중은 처리후 10, 20일에서 생육의 차이를 보였지만, 수확 직후 각 처리구에서 비슷한 생육이 나타났고 건물중은 처리구에서 다소 높았다. 뿌리의 생체중과 건물중도 각 처리구에서 비슷한 생육을 보였으며, 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 당 함량은 모든 처리구에서 fructose에 비해 glucose 함량이 높았으며, 배추잎 하부에서 당 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다.
실험실내 약효 검정 결과 streptomycin과 oxolinic acid, bronopol과 copper hydroxide가 병원균의 생장 및 감자 절편의 부패를 크게 억제하였다. 그러나 식물 활성제들은 실험실내 약효 검정에서는 병원균의 생장 및 감자 절편의 부패를 크게 억제하지 못하였다. 배추(강력여름배추) 유묘를 이용한 생물검정에서 비병원성 Erwinia는 83.5%의 방제가를 나타냈고, oxolinic acid, 항생제 streptomycin, validamycin은 각각 95.2%, 91.2% 그리고 57.5%의 방제가를 나타냈으며 구리제는 79.9%의 방제가를 나타냈다. 그러나 acibenzolar-S-methyl은 약해를 유발하여 방제가가 낮게 나타났다. 포장시험 결과 acibenzolar-S-methyl은 2000년 포장 시험(산촌배추)에서는 통계적으로 유의성(p=0.05)있는 방제 효과를 나타내었으나, 2001년 포장 시험(강력여름배추)에서는 약해를 일으켜 방제 효과가 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 배추 품종에 따른 약제에 대한 반응 차이에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 2002년 포장 시험에서는 streptomycin+copper가 79.7%의 방제가를 나타냈고 copper hydroxide와 비병원성 Erwinia는 각각 71.9%와 60.9%의 방제가를 나타냈다. Acibenzolar-S-methyl를 살포한 배추에서 이 약제는 1일 이후에는 검출되지 않았다. 약제 방제를 위한 종합적인 제형으로 acibenzolar-S-methyl과 비병원성 Erwinia, streptomycin, oxolinic acid의 합제 처리가 영농현장에서 적용할 수 있는 우수한 방법으로 사료된다.
제3세부: 고랭지 여름배추의 고품질 저비용 안정생산을 위한 환경보전형 시비기술 개발
고랭지 배추재배농가의 시비실태를 조사하여 시비개선 기초자료로 활용코져 2001년에 58 농가를 대상으로 청취조사한 결과, 3요소비료는 추천시비량에 비하여 질소 1.4배, 인산 2.4배, 칼리 2.0배를 시용하고 있었으며, 퇴비는 가축분퇴비 위주로 9,920kg ha-1을 사용하고 있어 추천량보다도 감비하고 있는 반면, 석회질비료는 2,160kg ha-1로 추천량에 접근하였다. 농가가 많이 사용하는 복합비료 비종은 기비로 11-10-10+3+0.3(원예1호)〉11-6-6+4+13+17(쌀맛나) 〉12-9-11+3+0.3(원예범용) 등의 순위이었고, 추비는 18-0-18+0.3(벼수비용) 〉13-0-13+1+0.3(웃거름) 〉18-0-15+0.3(NK마그) 등의 순위였다. 배추농가에서 퇴비는 계분퇴비 〉돈분퇴비 〉우분퇴비 〉생계분순으로 전체 조사농가중 91.4%의 농가에서, 석회는 소석회 〉생석회 〉석회고토순으로 81%농가가 사용하였다. 토양비옥도 조사결과 토양의 유효인산과 치환성 칼륨은 현저히 높은 반면 토양의 pH, 치환성의 칼슘과 마그네슘 함량은 적정범위내에 있었다. 고랭지배추 재배면적(10,206ha)을 적용한 총소요량으로 볼 때 농가시비량의 절감 가능량은 성분량으로 4,347톤(질소 1,265톤, 인산 1,123톤, 칼리 1,959톤)으로 추정 할 수 있었다.표고 750m인 고랭지 사질양토(토양유기물 18g kg-1, 유효인산 231mg kg-1) 에서 계분퇴비(N 2.0%, P2O5 3.5%)를 6ton ha-1시용한 조건에서 여름배추에 대한 질소시비 추천 모델설정과 추천모델에 의한 질소질비료의 절감량을 구명하기 위하여 질소수준을 달리하여 포장시험을 수행하였다. 계분퇴비 시용구의 질소 최고시비량(최고수량 생산, 291kg a-1)은 계분퇴비 무시용구 질소 최고시비량(335kg ha-1)에 비하여 0.87배, 안전한 질소적정량(174kg ha-1)은 최고 시비량 대비 0.60배이었다. 산출된 시비배율을 현행 평난지 조건의 시비추천식에 대입하므로 새로운 고랭지조건의 시비추천식을 도출해 낼 수 있었다. 고랭지 배추재배지 평균 토양조건(유기물 33g kg-1)을 적용해 보면 계분퇴비 시용시 질소시비량은 최고 215, 최저 129 kg ha-1으로서 현행 시비량에 비해 최고 59.7%, 최저 32.8%의 절감이 가능하였다. 계분퇴비 시용시 최고수량을 생산한 질소시비는 계분퇴비 무시용에 비하여 결구기와 수확기토양의 유효인산 함량과 수확기 경엽의 질소, 인산 및 칼리함량과 흡수량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 질소이용율을 10%이상 크게 높일 수 있었다. 본 연구는 녹비용 피복작물인 헤어리벳치를 이용하여 경사지 토양보전 및 녹비로서의 공급효과를 알아보기 위하여 수행하였다. 나지방임(관행) 비교하여 헤어리벳치를 배추 정식전, 정식 후 15, 30, 40일 및 배추 수확직후에 파종하여 배추와 헤어리벳치의 생육특성을 조사하였다. 또한 각 처리별 생산된 녹비를 배추 재배전에 반전 투입하여 녹비공급 효과에 대하여 검토한 결과 배추 정식전에 헤어리벳치를 파종하여 초생재배 하는 것이 배추 수확후 나지 상태의 토양을 조기에 피복하여 토양보전 효과가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 배추 정식전에 헤어리벳치를 파종할 경우 헤어리벳치가 배추 생육에 영향을 미쳐 배추 수량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 배추 정식 15일 이후에 파종할 경우에는 배추 수량에는 영향을 미치지 않으면서 나지(관행)구 대비, 토양피복에 의한 74%의 토양유실 경감효과가 있었다. 녹비 수량에 있어서도 생체량 기준 64.4톤 ha-1으로 가장 많아 녹비 공급 효과가 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 각 처리별 생산된 녹비를 배추 재배전에 반전투입 하여 녹비공급 효과를 배추 정식 15일까지의 생육 면에서 보면 헤어리벳치 녹비 반전 투입의 경우에는 질소비료를 시용하지 않은 상태에서도 관행 표준시비량(320kg ha-1) 대비, 생육이 비슷한 경향을 보여 질소비료 시용량을 경감할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 본 시험의 결과 경사지가 대부분인 고랭지 에서의 배추 재배의 경우 정식 15일 이후에 헤어리벳치를 파종 초생재배 하여 배추 재배전 반전 투입할 경우 토양보전은 물론 화학비료 절감에 효과적인 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
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1. Development of Growth Control Technology for Producing High Quality of Chinese Cabbage in Alpine
This study was performed to find out the optimum concentration of diniconazole on growth inhibition of Chinese cabbage for the summer production in the alpine region. Seeds of Chinese cabbage (cv.
1. Development of Growth Control Technology for Producing High Quality of Chinese Cabbage in Alpine
This study was performed to find out the optimum concentration of diniconazole on growth inhibition of Chinese cabbage for the summer production in the alpine region. Seeds of Chinese cabbage (cv. 'Kangruk Summer') were sown in 162 cells plug tray and seedlings of 25 days were transplanted in pots and field. For investigating the proper concentration of diniconazole (5% wettable power) in pot test, three different treatments (50, 100, 500 mgㆍL-1) were given. Higher dosages C100 and 500 mgㆍL-1) inhibited leaf growth and thus 50 mgㆍL-1 treatment was considered the optimum concentration. Numbers of leaf treated by diniconazole were increased (8-10 leaves) compared with the control. Diniconazole 50 mgㆍL-1 application reduced the head height up to 7 -10cm without influencing the quality and yield. Top fresh and dry weights were increased by diniconazole treatment at harvesting time, meaning improvement of growth. Glucose content was higher than frutose, especially showing higher content in lower part of leaves than higher part. The content of sucrose was undetected. Diniconazole application increased firmness and cutting force compared with the control. Residual contents of diniconazole soon after application were detected but not at 40 days after application. As a result, the proper amount of diniconazole (5% original sum) to regulate excessive growth of Chinese cabbage during summer season without decreasing marketable yield seemed to be 50 mgㆍL-1 with application frequency of 1-2 times at 20 days after transplanting. This study was carried out to obtain the effects of treatments of diniconazole(5% wettable power) on the characteristics of growth, especially, leaf-morphology and cell arrangement in chinese cabbage. "Garak" and "Duck-Sung" chineses cabbages were used. They were planted in the 162-cell of tray, for 25 days, then were transplanted the experimental pot(diameter: 17cm). The concentration of treated diniconazole were followed: 0, 100mgㆍL¹ and 1000mgㆍL¹. The methods of treatment were sprayed on all of the leaves of chineses cabbages; the first treatment was performed on the 5th of March in 2003. a week later, after transplantation. And the second was done on the 10th of March in 2003. 5 days later, after the first treatment was carried. In order to examine the cell arrangement, twenty randomly chosen cells per photographed section were measured for cell width and cell length. According to the results, the comparison of amounts of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b among non-treatment and treatments of diniconazole was higher in treatment than those of non-treatment, by increasing the concentration of diniconazole. In comparing the cell width and length, the cell width of non -treatment was 42.8um and the length of non-treatment was 65.51um. On the other hand, those of treatment(100mgㆍL-1) and treatment(1000mgㆍL-1) of diniconazole were observed like this, width; 23.153um(100mg/L), 24.29um(1000mg/L) and length; 74.457um(100mgㆍL-1), 63.85um(1000mgㆍL-1). This study suggest that the treatment of diniconazole retards the growth of chinese cabbage and made their leaves more thicker, dark greener than those of non-treatemnt. Also, in comparison of cell arrangement among treatments and non-treatment, those of treatments(100mgㆍL-1, 1000mgㆍL-1) are more denser than that of non-treatment. Leaf blade of treatments of diniconazole showed loosely packed larger mesophyll cells and non-treated leaf showed tightly packed and smaller mesophyll cells.
2. Development of Control Technology of Erwinia carotovora subsp. c arotovora of Chinese Cabbage in Alpine by Using Ecoenvironmental Agricultural Chemicals.
Bacterial soft rot by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is one of the diseases causing the biggest damages in Chinese cabbage cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate disease resistance of Chinese cabbage cultivars and breeding lines to E. carotovora subsp. carotovora by new inoculation method, mineral oil inoculation method, inoculating 10 ㎖ of the mixture (4:1, v/v) of bacterial suspension and mineral oil on the central bases of Chinease cabbage seedling. Total 43 Chinese cabbage cultivars and lines obtained from 3 domestic seed companies and universities were screened for disease resistance using the above mentioned inoculation method. This screening test showed that Chinese cabbage C3-26, C3-28, C3-29 and C29-51-51-53 lines were resistant, Gangta, Gumchonyealgali, Mini, DB50, Jibu, Pyungchng, Sanchon and Yellow King No. 2 cultivars were susceptible, and the others were moderate resistant.
Chemical screening was conducted to select effective agents for controlling bacterial soft rot. Control effect of antibiotics, plant activator, and Biokeeper (avirulent Erwinia) to soft rot were tested by in vitro assay, nursery test, and field experiment. The in vitro assay was done by paper disc method and potato slice method. The nursery test was performed by using mineral oil inoculation method with consistent disease induction. The in vitro assay showed that streptomycin, oxolinic acid, bronopol, and copper hydroxide significantly suppressed the growth of pathogenic bacterium and the decomposition of potato slice. However, plant activators including acibenzolar-S-methyl did not show the suppressive effect on the growth of pathogenic bacterium and the decomposition of potato slice. When applied by the nursery test condition using mineral oil inoculation method with Chinese cabbage `Kangruckyeurum', Biokeeper, oxolinic acid, antibiotics streptomycin, validamycin, and copper compound provided 83.5%, 95.2%, 91.2%, 57.5% and 79.9% in control efficacy, respectively. However, the control effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl showed to be low to cause phytotoxicity. Also acibenzolar-S-methyl showed a significant control effect in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage `Sanchon' in 2000, but the field experiment with Chinese cabbage `Kangruckyeurum' in 2001 revealed it had phytotoxicity to Chinese cabbage. Such a difference was considered to be caused by differences in phytotoxic reaction of Chinese cabbage cultivars to the chemical. Streptomycin+copper, copper hydroxide and Biokeeper showed 79.7%, 71.9% and 60.9% in control efficacy, respectively, in the field experiment with Chinese cabbage `Sanchon' in 2002.
3. Development of Sustainable Fertilizer Application Technology for Production of High Quality of Chinese Cabbage in Alpine.
The investigation was conducted to find out amounts and ratios of N, P and K fertilizers applied on summer Chinese cabbage in 58 farmers' fields of highland area. The application levels of N, P2O5, K2O, livestock manure and lime fertilizers were 444, 188, 390, 9,920 and 2,160kg ha-1, respectively, for summer Chinese cabbage. The ratios of basal dressing were 48% in N, 46.6% in K2O. The frequencies of top dressing both N and K were 1.7 times. The kinds of compound fertilizers were in the order of 11-10-10+3+0.3 〉11-6-6+4+13+17 〉12-9-11+3+0.3 in basal application and 18-0-18+0.3 〉13-0-13+1+0.3 〉18-0-15+0.3 in top dressing. The average contents of available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were exceeded as compared to those in the optimal range. But exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents of Chinese cabbage soil were ranged in optimum levels. From the surveyed results, we could estimate that total 4,347 tons of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizers were over used for summer Chinese cabbage by farmers in highland. Recommendation of N Fertilizer for Chinese Cabbage with Application of Poultry Manure Compost in Highland: The purpose of this study was to establish a model for recommendable application of nitrogen fertilizer based on soil testing and to investigate its reduction amount for summer Chinese cabbage. A field experiment was carried out according to various nitrogen amount in highland sandy loam soil with poultry manure compost. The maximum application amount of N in poultry manure compost plot(291kg ha-1, resulted from the maximum yield) was 0.87 times as much as that of non-manure plot(335kg ha-1). To reach the maximum yield of non-manure plot, appropriate amount of N for poultry manure compost plot was 174kg ha-1, which was 0.60 times of the maximum application amount. New recommendation equation was established by adding the calculated application ratio to the existing equation for lowland. With regarding to the average soil condition (organic matter 33g kg-1) in highland field for Chinese cabbage, the application amount of N was ranged from 215∼129kg ha-1, which means that 32.8∼59.7% as much as current application amount of N fertilizer could be reduced. The soil available P2O5 at bulbing and harvesting stage, contents of N-P-K in stems and leaves at harvesting stage, and absorbing amount were increased with such application of N that resulted from the maximum yield in poultry manure compost plot compared with non-manured one. In particular, use efficiency of N increased more than 10% by application of poultry manure compost. Effect of hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth) sod culture on Chinese cabbage in Highland: This study was conducted to find out the effect of hairy vetch on soil conservation of hillside field and providing of green manure to Chinese cabbage. Hairy vetch was seeded before planting, 15, 30 and 40 days after planting and right after harvesting of Chinese cabbage. Growth characteristics of Chinese cabbage and hairy vetch in each treatments were investigated. After cutting, hairy vetch was provided into the field of Chinese cabbage as green manure. Conclusionally, seeding of hairy vetch before planting of Chinese cabbage was the most effective on soil conservation, but this treatment showed decrease of yield because it affected growth of Chinese cabbage. Seeding of hairy vetch at 15 days after planting of Chinese cabbage was not affective yield of Chinese cabbage and showed decrease of 74% soil loss comparing with bare land. And this treatment was most effective on providing green manure as fresh weight 64.5ton ha-1. Providing of hairy vetch as green manure showed similar growth to conventional culture without adding chemical fertilizer at 15 days after planting of Chinese cabbage. So seeding of hairy vetch at 15 days after planting of Chinese cabbage and providing as green manure to the field is very effective to cultivate Chinese cabbage for conservation of soil and reduction of chemical fertilizer application level.
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