초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 장미 공장생산시스템 개발
- 장미 공장생산시스템 모델 설정
- 장미 공장생산시스템의 설계 및 제작
- 장미 공장생산시스템의 인공광원 및 조명기술
- 장미 공장생산시스템의 경제성 및 실용화
2. 장미 공장생산시스템에 적합한 품종 선발
- 공장시스템에 적합한 장미 계통별 적품종 선발
- 식물공장의 환경적응력이 높은 품종선발
- 식물공장에서 생산성과 품질이 우수한 품종선발
- 식물공장 전용품종 개발 및 재료선발
- 재배경과 연수별 밀식적응성, 픔질 및 수량성 구

○ 연구결과
1. 장미 공장생산시스템 개발
- 장미 공장생산시스템 모델 설정
- 장미 공장생산시스템의 설계 및 제작
- 장미 공장생산시스템의 인공광원 및 조명기술
- 장미 공장생산시스템의 경제성 및 실용화
2. 장미 공장생산시스템에 적합한 품종 선발
- 공장시스템에 적합한 장미 계통별 적품종 선발
- 식물공장의 환경적응력이 높은 품종선발
- 식물공장에서 생산성과 품질이 우수한 품종선발
- 식물공장 전용품종 개발 및 재료선발
- 재배경과 연수별 밀식적응성, 픔질 및 수량성 구명
3. 장미 공장생산시스템의 최적 환경제어 기술개발
- 동계 절화 생산성향상을 위한 보광기술 개발
- 순환식 최적 배양액 개발
- 생육단계별 배양액 관리기술 개발
- 지하부 환경의 최적기술 개발
- 지상부 환경의 최적기술 개발
- 생육단계별 급액제어기술 개발
- 순환식 배양액 내 최적이온 제어기술 개발
4. 장미 공장생산시스템형 고도 생산기술 개발
- 공장생산용 묘 생산기술 체계화
- 묘 생산단계별 적정 재식 밀도 확립
- 재절화 기술확립을 위한 채화절위별 재생력 평가
- 공장 생산시스템에서의 수확횟수 구명
- 생산성 극대화 종합 재배기술 체계 확립
- 공장생산 전용 품종별 최적 재배법 모델 개발

Abstract ▼

Ⅲ. Results of Research and Development
1. Design and manufacture of rose plant factory
This study was carried out to develop of plant factory and production system of rose. The rose factory system with 48m² (4m×12m) of production-line consists of frame set, transportation system, tr

Ⅲ. Results of Research and Development
1. Design and manufacture of rose plant factory
This study was carried out to develop of plant factory and production system of rose. The rose factory system with 48m² (4m×12m) of production-line consists of frame set, transportation system, transfer conveyors, irrigation system and control system.
2. Development of hydroponic system for rose plant factory
This study was conducted to determine the optimum substrate and hydroponic system for pre- and post- transplanting in a rose plant factory.
Shoot initiation rate was higher in nutrient film technique(NFT) and ebb & flow system than in polyester mat system, and mortality was highest in polyester mat system. Plant growth in vermiculite, rockwool cube, granulated rockwool and perlite + vermiculite showed higher shoot initiation rate than those grown in other substrate. Photosynthesis and transpiration rate were also higher in plant grown in substrate in which plant showed higher shoot initiation rate. Mortality was higher in plant grown in peatmoss, perlite and perlite + granulated rockwool.
It was found that shoot initiation rate and mortality was affected by water content of substrate. Plant grown in perlite and perlite + granulated rockwool which containing water below 65% and peatmoss which containing water above 90%, showed lower shoot initiation rate and higer mortality.
Growth and days to visible flower bud and anthesis after transplanting were not different significantly by hydroponic system. Days to visible flower bud and anthesis were also not different significantly by substrate except peatmoss. Plant grown in peatmoss required more days to visible flower bud and anthesis and plant growth rate was lower in peatmoss. After transplanting, plant growth rate was less affected by water content of substrate than before transplanting. But in peatmoss, plant root didn't develop normally because of low air space.
3. Growth responses of single-stemmed rose in different plant factory system.
Single-stemmed rose was grown in two plant factory system (closed plant factory with artificial lighting, plant factory with natural and artificial lighting) and glasshouse. The treatment condition were 16/8h (day/night), 60∼0% (RH) and 1500~2000mg·L^-1(CO₂)in closed plant factorywith artificial lighting (metal halide + high pressure sodium lamp), 16/8h (day/night), 60∼0% (RH) in plant factory with natural and artificial lighting (high pressure sodium lamp) and natural lighting in glasshouse. The plant factory systems provided plant with greater, stem length, stem diameter and dry weight without statistically significant differences in two system. Generally, among the three different systems, the growth and quality of single-stemmed rose were highest in closed plant factory , while there was the lowest growth in the a glasshouse.
4. Development of supplemental lighting technique for production high-quality cut flower
This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of artificial light source (high pressure sodium lamp, metal halide, and fluorescent lamp) on growth of single-stemmed rose in rose plant factory. Single-stemmed rose grown in HSP (high pressure sodium lamp) and HPS + MH (metal halide) light showed the best growth in fresh weight, dry weight and flower length. Single-stemmed rose grown under fluorescent lamp showed the lowest growth considering the growth of single-stemmed rose and efficiency of lamp it is worth using HPS lamp in rose plant factory.
5. The selection of suitable roses variety for plant factory production.
For selection of proper cultivars for rose production in plant factory, large flower size 277 varieties, medium flower size 138 varieties and spray flower 85 varieties were investigated. According to growing season, varieties, rooting rate of which was more than 95%, was 71∼0 %. Therefore, rooting rate appeared high comparatively regardless of season. Days to shooting was various, from 15 days to 29 days, and days to shooting of medium flower size rose was shortest, and then those of spray flower and large flower size were orderly increasing. Days to flowering is various according to cutting time as that rate of variety which flowered within 50 days were 42.8%, 49.0% and 99.8% in first, second and third season respectively, and days to flowering of spray is short comparatively. There are difference in cut flower length between variety,and growing seasons pedigree, and cut flower length increased in order of Vital〉 Move Star〉 John Bright〉 Collect0110 in large flower size, Gold Mary〉 Denides〉 Eskimo〉 95-10299 in medium flower size and Sentina 〉 Princes〉 Truit Mimi〉 Scarlet Mimi in spray flower. Most varieties had weak resistance in field for powdery mildew The proper variety were John Bright, Vital, Move Star, Collect110, Collect33, Collect51, Dalas, Osiana, and 95-03791, in large flower size, 95-10299, 95-07861, Sweet Honey, Aferift, Collect0124, 93-3403, Espanish Sun in medium flower size and Mascarasd, Princes, Truit Mimi, Scarlet Mimi and Morning Star in spray flower, in considering condition for rose production in plant factory such as length of cut flower, days to flowering, adaptability for high density culture, propagation potential by cutting, vigorous growth in nursery plant stage, plant resistance and adaptability for hydroponics.
The days to flowering was faster to three days in second flowering by recutting than first flowering, but cut flower length and quality were not affected by planting density. The vase life showed various result, which were from 2 to 12 days, and vase life of Joseph Skirt was longest as 12 days.
In the result of examination for superior cultivars, quality of cut flower showed various characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop proper cultivation for each variety because of the growth difference of rose variety and pedigree at growing condition
6. Development of optimal nutrient solution for single-stemmed rose The objective of this study was to develop optimum nutrient solution for single-stemmed rose in a factory system. To develop a nutrient solution for single-stemmed rose in a plant factory, rose plant (Rosa hybrida L.) cultivar `Red velvet' was grown in the greenhouse from February 10, 2001 to March 24, 2001.
The plants were grown by aeroponics and ebb & flood for the study and were irrigated with the nutrient solution of National Horticulture Research Station of Japan (NO3-N 16.0, NH4-N 1.3, PO4-P 4.0, K 8.0, Ca 4.0, Mg 4.0 meㆍL<sup>-1</sup>).
Electrical conductivity (EC) levels of the nutrient solution were adjusted to 0.9 (1/3 S; strength), 1.2 (1/2 S), 2.3 (1 S) and 3.7 (3/2 S) dSㆍm<sup>-1</sup> for this study, with the pH levels of 5.5±ﾖ1.5. All of the nutrient solutions at 1/2 S in both aeroponics and ebb & flood were more stable than other concentrations, and the EC and pH at 1/2 S kept balance compared to other concentrations although there was not significant differences on the growth in the different concentrations. As the result, concentrations of nutrient solution at 1/2 S (NO<sub>3</sub>-N 8.8, NH4-N 0.67, P 2.0, K 4.8, Ca 4.0, Mg 2.0 meㆍL<sup>-1</sup> in aeroponics and NO<sub>3</sub>-N 8.9, NH<sub>4</sub>-N 0.73, P 2.2, K 4.8, Ca 4.1, Mg 1.7 meㆍL<sup>-1</sup> in ebb & flood) might be good for single-stemmed rose to grow in a plant factory.
To examine the suitability of the nutrient solution developed by nutrient-water (n/w) absorption ratio in the above experiment, `Red Velvet' roses were grown in both aeroponics and ebb & flood from April, 23. 2001 to May 28, 2001 with different solutions and concentrations: The nutrient solution of Research Station for Greenhouse Vegetable and Floriculture of the Netherlands (PBG) of 1 S, the nutrient solutions developed in the above experiment (UOS) of 1/2 S, 1 S and 2 S.
Overall, the growth of single-stemmed rose grown in the nutrient solutions at 1 S of UOS was better than other treatments between aeroponics and ebb & flood.
Especially, the growth of the sinlge- stemmed rose in the concentration at 1 S in UOS was better than other treatments for stem length and number of five-leaflet leaves between aeroponics and ebb & flood. Consequently, even though the plant growth season of the first experiment and the second experiment was different, the nutrient solutions at 1 S of UOS (NO3-N 8.8, NH₄-N 0.67, P 2.0, K 4.8, Ca 4.0, Mg 2.0 meㆍL^-1 in aeroponics and NO₃-N 8.9, NH₄-N 0.73, P 2.2, K 4.8, Ca 4.1, Mg 1.7 meㆍL^-1 in ebb & flood) might be optimum for single-stemmed rose in a plant factory.
7. Determination of optimal root environment
This study was conducted to determine optimum root zone environment conditions such as electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) of nutrient solution in single-stemmed rose production. The growth and quality of the single-stemmed rose were not significantly different from each other with the EC of the nutrient solutions 1.0∼3.5 dS·m^-1, which resulted in concluding high concentration of the nutrient solutions were not necessary. The optimum range of the EC for single-stemmed rose was 1.5∼2.0 dS․m^-1 considering plant growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates.
The optimum range of the pH good plant growth without any visible physiological disorder was 4.0∼6.0. Therefore, to keep the pH of the nutrient solution for rose low compared to other plants was beneficial for plant growth and uptake of the mineral ions.
The DO level in the nutrient solution influenced the physiological reaction of the rose. The beneficial effect of the concentration of the DO in the nutrient solution was in the order of 15, 20 and 11 mg․L^-1.
The optimum temperature of the nutrient solution for growth, photosynthetic and transpiration rates for ｀Red Velvet＇ was 15∼20℃. Whereas the optimum temperature for ｀Vital＇ was 10∼15℃ with almost no growth at 30℃, resulting in concluding the adaptation of ｀Vital＇ to high temperature was poor in
comparison with ｀Red Velvet＇.
Based on the results the study, it is possible to control root zone of a single-stemmed rose factory and to produce year-round, planned and mass production of casual flower efficiently.
8. Determination of optimal aerial environment
This study was conducted to determine optimum aerial environments for single-stemmed rose in rose plant factory.
Optimum aerial environments were determined to be > 500μmol․m^-2․s^-1 for photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), 27/17℃ or 24/14℃ (day/night) for air temperature, > 60% for relative humidity (RH) and 700±100ppm for CO₂ concentration. and 1m․s^-1 air velocity
9. Controlling technique of nutrient solution
This study was conducted to determined nutrient management system for single-stemmed rose culture in rose factory. Nutrient solution was managed by 5 different control methods.; macro and micro elements control (M&M), macro elements control (M), nutrient solution supplement control (S), EC control in aeroponics (EC-A), EC control in DFT (EC-D). Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, root activity and growth were higher in mineral nutrient control system than the others. Changes of pH, EC and mineral nutrient concentration in nutrient solution were most stable in mineral nutrient control system. As a result, it is more desirable for single-stemmed rose production through mineral nutrient control to maintain optimum root environment in economic and environmental aspects.
10. Development of irrigation control system in rose factory This study was conducted to determine the effect of irrigation control by timer and integrated solar radiation on the growth of single-stemmed rose. The frequency of irrigation was controlled by time clock (15min/30min, 15min/1hr, 15min/2hr, 24hr, 30sec/15min, 1min/15min, 2min/15min) and integrated solar radiation (0.42, 0.84, 1.26MJ․m^-2) in aeroponics system. The growth of single-stemmed rose was the highest in 15min/1hr, 30sec/15min of time clock and 0.84MJ․m^-2 of integrated solar radiation.
11. Development of Controlling System for Optimal Environment in Rose Plant Factory
For single-stemmed roses of rose plant factory system, single node cuttings were estimated in different levels of growth stage of mother plants for cutting, node position for cutting, and leaf area of cuttings. Among the three treatments, leaf area affected most to rooting and shooting of single node cuttings and marketable qualities of flowering shoots from the cuttings. Following leaf area, effect of node position for cutting on flowering shoot qualities increased to the base of mother shoot. The optimal cuttings for more qualified flowers from single node cuttings should be selected on the forth to the sixth node from the top node with fully unfolded 5 leaflets according to the results of these experiments.
Optimal plant density of single node cuttings for rose plant factory system seemed 7.5×7.5cm until visual bud initiation when leaf area index of singe node cuttings reach about 1, after then did 7.5×15cm respectively.
For recycling the used cuttings, it was most in benefit to cut primary flowering shoots from single node cuttings leaving three 5 leaflets only. It would be possible to recycle the cuttings three or four times economically. However the times of recycling them should depend on a producing system and controlled environments condition of the system.
Therefore at last year, to improve flowering qualities of single node cuttings, effects of light intensity and length and concentration of nutrient solutions for cuttings were estimated on the environment-controlled growth cabinets. The total light energy to plant accelerated fast flowering and high qualities of flowers regardless of light intensity or light length. These acceleration by light energy increased more with high concentration in nutrient solutions: EC 0.7 dS․m^-1 to EC 2.1 dS․m^-1. Radiation use efficiency of 0.446 in EC 0.7 dS․m^-1 rose 0.521 in EC 2.1 dS․m^-1, which means that nutrient concentration as one of limiting factors to improve cut flower quality. From the comparing of two producing systems with different irrigation methods, an ebb and flow irrigation system more effective on cut flower production with single node cuttings than deep flow technique system (DFT). Especially a plant density of 15×15cm was more efficient in this system than that of 7.5×15cm.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 9
• CONTENTS ... 18
• 목차 ... 19
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 23
• 제1절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 23
• 제2절 연구개발의 목적과 범위 ... 25
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 26
• 제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 29
• 제1절 장미 공장생산시스템 개발 ... 29
• 1. 장미 공장생산시스템의 모델설정 ... 29
• 가. 장미 공장생산시스템의 모델설정 ... 29
• 나. 장미 공장생산시스템 내 생산라인의 배치 모델 ... 32
• 2. 장미 공장생산시스템의 수경재배 시스템 개발 ... 33
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 33
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 36
• 3. 장미 공장생산시스템의 설계 및 제작 ... 64
• 가. 장미 공장생산시스템의 설계 ... 64
• 나. 장미 공장생산시스템의 제작 ... 68
• 4. 장미 공장생산시스템의 인공광원 및 조명기술 ... 99
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 99
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 100
• 5. 장미 공장생산시스템의 경제성 빛 실용화 ... 103
• 가. 장미 공장생산 시스템의 실용화 ... 103
• 나. 장미 식물공장 single-stemmed 장미의 생산 수익성 ... 106
• 6. 적요 ... 111
• 제2절 장미 공장생산시스템에 적합한 품종 선발 ... 113
• 1. 장미 공장생산시스템에 적합한 장미 계통별 적품종 선발 ... 113
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 113
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 125
• 2. 재배경과 년수별 밀식 적응성 구명 ... 145
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 145
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 145
• 3. 적 요 ... 149
• 제3절 장미 공장생산시스템의 최적 환경제어 기술 개발 ... 151
• 1. 동계 절화 생산성 향상을 위한 보광기술 개발 ... 151
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 151
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 152
• 2. 순환식 최적 배양액 개발 ... 154
• 가. MATERIALS AND METHODS ... 154
• 나. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... 157
• 3. 생육단계별 배양액 관리기술 개발 ... 186
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 186
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 187
• 4. 지하부 환경의 최적 제어기술 개발 ... 206
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 206
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 209
• 5. 지상부 환경의 최적 제어기술 개발 ... 225
• 가. 재료 빛 방법 ... 225
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 228
• 6. 생육단계별 급액 제어기술 개발 ... 246
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 246
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 248
• 7. 순환식 배양액 내 최적 이온 제어기술 개발 ... 254
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 254
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 256
• 8. 장기 공장생산 시스템내 환경제어 체계화 ... 265
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 265
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 266
• 9. 적 요 ... 276
• 제4절 장미 공장생산시스템형 고도 생산기술 개발 ... 278
• 1. 공장생산용 묘 생산기술 체계화 ... 278
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 278
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 280
• 2. 묘 생산단계별 적정 재식 밀도 확립 ... 292
• 가. 일별 SNC 생장변화 특성 ... 292
• 나. 2차 개화시 재식 간격별 SNC 개화반응 ... 296
• 3. 재절화기술 확립을 위한 채화절위별 재생력 평가 ... 298
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 298
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 299
• 4. 공장생산시스템에서의 수확 횟수 구명 ... 306
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 306
• 나. 결과 및 고찰 ... 308
• 5. 생산성 극대화 종합 재배기술 체계 확립 ... 313
• 가. 재료 및 방법 ... 314
• 나 결과 및 고찰 ... 317
• 6. 적 요 ... 330
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 332
• 제1절 연구 개발 목표의 달성도 ... 332
• 제2절 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 333
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 334
• 제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 335
• 제7장 참고문헌 ... 354
• 부록 Appendix I. 장미 식물공장 시스템 프로그램 ... 367
• 끝페이지 ... 421