초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발 결과 및 활용에 대한 건의
곁가지가 있는‘후지’/M.9 대묘로 재배하고 있는 초밀식과원의 결실초기의 수세안정화 기준설정과 M.26을 중간대목으로 이용하는‘후지’사과원 성과기의 목표수량에 따른 수세안정화를 위한 진단기준을 설정하였고, 특히‘후지’/M.26의 엽중 질소의 정상함량범위를 기존의 2.49∼2.92g․kg^-1에서 22.4∼25.8g․kg^-1로 2.5∼3.4g․kg^-1낮아졌다.
생육 시기별 잎의 무기성분함량 범위를 설정함으로서 시기별 영양진단이

Ⅳ. 연구개발 결과 및 활용에 대한 건의
곁가지가 있는‘후지’/M.9 대묘로 재배하고 있는 초밀식과원의 결실초기의 수세안정화 기준설정과 M.26을 중간대목으로 이용하는‘후지’사과원 성과기의 목표수량에 따른 수세안정화를 위한 진단기준을 설정하였고, 특히‘후지’/M.26의 엽중 질소의 정상함량범위를 기존의 2.49∼2.92g․kg^-1에서 22.4∼25.8g․kg^-1로 2.5∼3.4g․kg^-1낮아졌다.
생육 시기별 잎의 무기성분함량 범위를 설정함으로서 시기별 영양진단이 가능하고 잎색 측정기(SPAD-502)를 이용한 잎의 간이 질소함량 진단법을 확립하였다. 토양중 양분함량은 과실 특성에 영향이 적었으며 잎과 과실에 질소함량 많으면 착색과 당도가 떨어지고 토양의 유효인산이 많으면 잎의 질소함량이 증가하여 2차적으로 과실품질이 떨어지는 것을 예측할 수 있었다.
조사과원은 대부분 토양의 유효 인산함량이 정상함량범위를 훨씬 초과하여 토양과 수질오염의 원인이 되므로 시비량을 줄이는 대책이 필요하다.

Abstract ▼

Sub project 1) Nutritional diagnosis criteria at the early cropping stage of super-high density orchard on M.9 rootstock
In order to determine the criteria for the stabilized tree growth in the super-high density apple orchard system, a total of 69 apple trees (feathered maiden tree of 'Fuji' gra

Sub project 1) Nutritional diagnosis criteria at the early cropping stage of super-high density orchard on M.9 rootstock
In order to determine the criteria for the stabilized tree growth in the super-high density apple orchard system, a total of 69 apple trees (feathered maiden tree of 'Fuji' grafted on self-rooted M.9 rootstock) at three different orchards(coded A, B, C) were investigated growth status, crop amount, foliar mineral nutrient contents and soil chemical properties for three years after first year fruiting.
The research results revealed that measurements of growth status, cropping and fruit quality varied among different orchards and also different trees in the same orchard. It was the same with the foliar mineral nutrient contents and soil chemical properties. Especially, lots of trees showed heavy yields at both the 1st and 2nd cropping year but poor cropping at the 3rd year.
Out of the trees tested without off-year cropping, most of trees cropped 35~55 fruits on the average per tree for three years. Therefore, the above trees are used to determine the criteria of stable tree growth and optimal mineral nutrient levels of leaf according to both yields and fruit qualities to be accomplished.
Conclusively, the followings are the criteria for the stabilized tree growth and optimal levels of leaf mineral nutrients to accomplish the production of 3.3±0.5ton/10a and 14.0± 2.0kg per tree with fruit qualities of 320g, 14。Bx and 0.33% acidity. The stabilized growth criterior was of shoot length(5cm over) on the average with 19±Z4cm on 2year-old branch, of terminal shoot length with 23±3cm, and of shoot regrowth rate with below 14% .
The optimal levels of leaf mineral nutrient in late July was 22.4±21.9g․g-1 for N, 3.03±1.42g․g^-1 for P, 12.1±1.8g․g^-1 for K, 10.7±2.0g․g^-1 for Ca,
3.59±0.47g․g^-1 for Mg and 22.7±3.4mg․g^-1 for B.
Sub project 2) Nutritional diagnosis criteria for the stabilized tree growth in high-density orchard on M.26 rootstock at the primal cropping stage.
To determine the criteria of stabilized tree growth at the primal cropping stage apple orchard('Fuji'/M.26/seedling), three orchards (coded orchard A, B, C) were selected. The planting density per 10a and tree height were 125 trees and 4.0m, respectively in Orchard A, and 167 trees and 2.5m in Orchard B and C. A total of 60 trees with 20 trees from respective orchards were tested and measured of tree growth, cropping, fruit quality and foliar mineral nutrient levels for four years. Orchard A cropped 56.2±18.0kg per tree with an estimated yield of 7.0 ±2.3ton/10a on the average for four years while Orchard B had 34.2±18.1kg/tree with 5.8±2.4ton/10a, and C had 36.2±16.1 kg/tree with 6.1±1.3ton/10a. The most productive Orchard A did not show off-year cropping during four years, while Orchard B showed 13 trees and Orchard C with 2 trees off-year cropping one time during four years. The fruit qualities including soluble solide/acidity and fruit skin color were better in Orchard A than Orchard C. The
difference in fruit quality was presumably caused by the fact the Orchard A was lower in foliar N level of 24.4±1.7g․g^-1 than Orchard C with 26.5±1.6g․g^-1.
The average fruit weights in three orchards were below 300g during four years.
In order to produce 45±5kg per tree and 5~6tons/10a with fruit characteristics of 300g, 14。Bx and 0.27% acidity. The criteria for stable tree growth and optimal levels of leaf mineral nutrient were as follows. For the stabilization of tree growth, the average shoot(5cm over) length of 18±3cm on the two year-old branches was desired with shoot regrowth rate of below 7%.
The optimal levels of leaf mineral nutrient in late July were 24.1±1.7g․g^-1 for N, 1.81±0.29g․g^-1 for P, 10.4±1.6g․g^-1 for K, 11.8±1.6g․g^-1 for Ca, 3.9±0.8g․g^-1 for Mg, and 26±3mg․g^-1 for B. Cooperation project) Interrelations among mineral nutrients of leaf and fruit and fruit quality in 'Fuji' apples
The experiment was performed to determine the interrelations of mineral levels in leaf and fruit with fruit qualities in 'Fuji' apples on M.26 for three years from 2000 to 2002.
The chemical properties in the orchard soils tested were 615±377mg․g^-1 for available P, 6.5±2.4cmol․g^-1 for exchangeable Ca, 1.9±0.8cmol․g^-1 for exchangeable Mg, 0.9±0.3cmol․g^-1 for exchangeable K and 21.9±7.2g․g^-1 for organic matter.
With foliar mineral nutrient contents in Fuji/M.26, a decrease was noted in N, P and K while an increase in Ca, no fluctuations in Mg from late May to late August. The relationship between the values detected by chlorophyll meter(SPAD-502) and leaf N contents was summarized as the equation :
Y=0.599 x -0.7566, r=0.81^*** for late May, Y=0.4488X + 4.2401, r=0.65^*** for late June, y = 0.3818x + 6.452, r=0.64^*** for late July, Y=0.3361X + 6.8796, r=0.58^*** for late August.
The relationship of nutrition levels in soils with those in leaf showed that the higher soil pH tended to decrease leaf K levels, and the higher soil organic levels tended to lower foliar P, Ca and Mg levels. The higher available P levels increased foliar N and K levels, and the increasing level of exchangeable K
tended to decrease foliar P and Mg levels. The increasing exchangeable Ca level increased foliar P while the higher exchangeable Mg level decreased foliar N and K, but increased Mg level. No relationship was observed between soil chemical properties and fruit characteristics.
Foliar P level was positively correlated with fruit skin colour, while foliar K showed no relationship with fruit characteristics. Foliar Ca level was positively but not significantly correlated with fruit traits, while foliar Mg level was negatively but not significantly related with fruit skin colour.
N levels in fruit skin and flesh was negatively correlated with soluble solids contents and skin colour, while P in flesh was positively related with acidity.
With Fuji/M.26, foliar N level in May was positively related with N level in fruit skin and flesh. Also, a positive relation was revealed in foliar P level with flesh P, and in foliar K levels with K level in fruit skin. Foliar Ca and Mg levels were not correlated with Ca and Mg levels in fruit skin and flesh.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 7
• CONTENTS ... 10
• 목차 ... 12
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 14
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 18
• 제 1 절 과수원의 수세안정화를 위한 진단기준의 설정 ... 18
• 제 2 절 엽과 과실의 양분함량과 과실품질과의 관계 ... 19
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 22
• 제 1 절 M.9을 이용한 초밀식 과원의 결실초기의 수세 안정화를 위한 진단 기준 설정(세부 1과제) ... 22
• 1. 연구 접근 및 수행방법 ... 22
• 2. 연구결과 ... 23
• 가. 조사과원 시험수의 묘목소질, 생육상태, 결실량, 과실품질 및 엽중 무기성분 함량과 토양의 화학성 비교 ... 23
• 나. 10a당 추정수량으로 구분한 시험수의 생육상태, 결실량, 과실품질과 엽중 무기성분 함량 비교 ... 37
• 다. 목표수량, 안정된 수세 및 엽중 적정 무기성분 함량 설정 ... 48
• 3. 요 약 ... 52
• 제 2 절 M.26을 이용한 밀식과원의 성과기의 수세 안정화를 위한 진단 기준 설정(세부 2과제) ... 53
• 1. 연구 접근 및 수행방법 ... 53
• 2. 연구결과 ... 54
• 가. 조사과원 시험수의 생육상태, 과실품질 및 엽중 무기성분 함량과 토양의 ... 54
• 나. 주당 수량으로 구분한 시험수의 생육상태, 결실량, 과실품질과 엽중 무기성분 함량 비교 ... 67
• 다. 목표수량, 안정된 수세 및 엽중 적정 무기성분 함량 설정 ... 77
• 3. 요 약 ... 81
• 제 3 절 엽과 과실의 무기성분함량과 과실품질과의 관계 구명 (제 1 협동과제, 원예연구소) ... 82
• 1. 연구 접근 및 수행방법 ... 82
• 2. 연구결과 ... 83
• 가. 연도별 토양 화학성, 엽 및 과실의 무기성분 함량, 과실 특성 ... 83
• 나. 생육 시기별 엽중 무기성분 함량 범위 ... 89
• 다. 엽록소계 (SPAD-502) 측정치와 잎 질소함량과의 관계 ... 91
• 라. 토양과 잎의 양분함량과 과실의 특성과의 관계 ... 97
• 마. 과실의 무기성분함량과 과실 특성과 관계 ... 103
• 바. 엽중 무기성분 함량과 과실의 무기성분함량과의 상관관계 ... 103
• 3. 요약 ... 106
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 107
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 109
• 제 6 장 참고문헌 ... 110
• 끝페이지 ... 112