초록 ▼

○ 연구결과
1. 연구논문
본 연구에서 얻어진 직, 간접의 결과들을 이용하여 국내 및 국제 저널에 투고하여 발간하였다.
가. 국내 논문
(1) Choi, J. W. 2011. Anti-diabetic effect of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from Cordyceps sinensis on ob/ob mice. Korean Society for Biotechnology & Bioengineering Journal. 26: 33-40.
(2) Ra, K. S. and

○ 연구결과
1. 연구논문
본 연구에서 얻어진 직, 간접의 결과들을 이용하여 국내 및 국제 저널에 투고하여 발간하였다.
가. 국내 논문
(1) Choi, J. W. 2011. Anti-diabetic effect of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced from Cordyceps sinensis on ob/ob mice. Korean Society for Biotechnology & Bioengineering Journal. 26: 33-40.
(2) Ra, K. S. and J. W. Choi. 2011. Enhancement of cyclo (His-Pro) content from soybean fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefacienc CHP-12 and Its anti-diabetic effect. Korean Society for Biotechnology & Bioengineering Journal. 26: 41-48.
나. 국제논문
(1) Choi, J. W., K. S. Ra, S. Y. Kim, T. J. Yoon, K. W. Yu, K. S. Shin, S. P. Lee, and H. J. Suh. 2010. Enhancement of anti-complementary and radical scavenging activities in the submerged culture of Cordyceps sinensis by addition of cirus peel. Bioresource Technology. 101(15): 6028-6034. (SCI, Impact factor = 4.365)
(2) Jung, E. Y., H. S. Lee, J. W. Choi, K. S. Ra, M. R. Kim, and H. J. Suh. 2011. Glucose tolerance and antioxidant activity of spent brewer's yeast hydrolysate with a high content of cyclo-His-Pro (CHP). J. Food Science. 76(2): C272-C278. (SCI, IF = 1.733)
(3) Koo, K. B., H. J. Suh, K. S. Ra, and J. W. Choi. 2011. Protective effect of cyclo(His-Pro) on streptozotocin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in vitro. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 21: 218-227. (SCIE, IF = 1.381)
(4) Ra, K. S., H. J. Suh, and J. W. Choi. 2012. Hypoglycemic effects of cyclo (His-Pro) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering. 17: 176-184. (SCIE, IF = 1.278)
(5) Park, S. W., S. A. Choi, J. W. Yun, and J. W. Choi. 2012. Alterations in pancreatic protein expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice in response to treatment with hypoglycemic dipeptide cyclo (His-Pro). Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry. 29: 603-616. (SCI, IF = 3.585)
(6) Choi, S. A., H. J. Suh, J. W. Yun, and J. W. Choi. 2012. Differential gene expression in pancreatic tissues of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and genetically-diabetic mice in response to hypoglycemic dipeptide cyclo (His-Pro) treatment. Molecular Biology Reports. 39(8): 8821-8835 (SCI, IF = 2.929)
(7) Choi, S. A., J. W. Yun, H. S. Park, and J. W. Choi. 2013. Hypoglycemic dipeptide cyclo (His-Pro) significantly altered plasma proteome in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and genetically-diabetic (ob/ob) mice. Molecular Biology Reports. 40(1): 1753-1765 (SCI, IF = 2.929)
2. 특허
가. 바실러스 속 ＫＨ-15의 콩 발효물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 당뇨병 예방 및 치료용 조성물 (출원일자 2011.01.07; 출원번호 10-2011-0001900)
나. ＣＨＰ(ｃｙｃｌｏ(Ｈｉｓ-Ｐｒｏ))를 고농도로 함유한 대두 가수분해물을 포함하는 혈당 조절용 조성물 (출원일자 2011.07.08; 출원번호10-2011-0068055)
다. 바실러스 속 ＫＨ-15의 콩 발효물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 당뇨병 예방 및 치료용 조성물 (등록일자 : 2013.01.21; 등록번호 :특허 제 10-1226548)

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results of the Research and Development
1. Establishment of preparation process of soybean hydrolysate containing CHP and Its material by increase of content
Hydrolytic activity was measured on domestic soybeans, U.S. soybean, small black soybean, and defatted soybean flour using various pr

Ⅳ. Results of the Research and Development
1. Establishment of preparation process of soybean hydrolysate containing CHP and Its material by increase of content
Hydrolytic activity was measured on domestic soybeans, U.S. soybean, small black soybean, and defatted soybean flour using various proteolytic enzymes. Flavourzyme showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH). Especially, DH (60.1%) of deffated soybean by flavourzyme was higher than in domestic soybean, U.S. soybean and small black soybean.
Also, CHP contents in hydrolysates of several soybeans by flavourzyme were higher than by other enzyme. Ficin treatment among various enzymes showed the high content of A-N, and degrees of hydrolysis rate. The contents of CHP were 27.6, 9.3 and 13.4 μg/ml in soybean hydrolysates by flavouzyme, alcalase and pancreatin, respectively, and mixture of flavourzyme and alcalase (3:1) showed a high level of A-N and CHP content (38.1 μg/ml).
Four strains separated from the Chonggukjang, showed above 10 unit of protein hydrolysis activity. The strains were classified to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus sp. The content of protein showed a decrease trend with increasing fermentation time by separated strains. CHP contents showed fluctuation changes, but sustained increasing trend in fermentation period.
Hydrolysate of soybean by Bacillus sp. showed relatively a low content of CHP comparing with enzymatic hydrolysate.
Soybean hydrolysate was fractionated by alcohol to increase the yield of CHP. 32.9 μg of the CHP was contained in 60∼80% of alcohol fraction. The yields of hydrolysates by ultrafiltration process, acid and active carbon treatment were 71.3%, 13.5% and 4.3%, respectively. CHP content appeared highly by ultrafiltration.
Soybean hydrolysate showed a promoting effect and cyclization reaction of CHP at 40∼60℃. The thermal stability of soybean hydrolysate was high in acidic condition. Soybean hydrolysate (5%) showed a high solubility of 70% above, and the smaller molecular weight was higher solubility (<10 kDa MW, crude, >10 kDa MW). The foaming capacity and foam stability appeared <10 kDa MW, crude, and >10 kDa MW in order. The emulsifying acitivity increased with increasing pH, and appeared >10 kDa MW, crude, and <10 kDa MW in order.
Digestive activity in the 68.3 to 77.9% also was very high. Weight change, dietary uptake, and water intake were not significantly different, and hematological changes not observed in rat model administered soyben hydrloysate. In addition, weight of liver, kidney, heart and lung and tissue changes did not appeared. Soybean hydrolysate (crude), soybean hydrolysate fractions less or more than 10 kDa had not ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
2. Analysis of anti-diabetic activity of CHP in in vitro cell, RINm5F
Cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) is a naturally occurring, cyclic dipeptide structurally related to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). CHP was efficiently obtained from soybean meal by hydrolysis with flavourzyme and alcalase. In this study, the effects of CHP on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis were investigated in rat insulinoma cells (RINm5F) secreting insulin. When the RINm5F cells were treated with 2 mM STZ, insulin secretion decreased to approximately 54% that of control cells. However, CHP treatment restored the insulin secreting activity of RINm5F cells to approximately 71% that of the untreated control cells. Also, CHP significantly protected the cells from STZ-mediated cytotoxicity via reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production (2.3-fold) and lipid peroxidation (1.9-fold), which were induced by STZ. Moreover, CHP treatment also attenuated STZ-induced apoptotic events, such as activation of caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, and DNA fragmentation in RINm5F cells, indicating that CHP could protect the cells from apoptotic cell death induced by oxidative stress of STZ by increasing the expression of an anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. These results suggest that CHP could be a candidate material for a protective and therapeutic agent against STZ-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis.
3. Identification of anti-diabetic activity by Type I and Type II animal model
The effects of Cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP), a cyclic dipeptide structurally related to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), on glucose metabolism, blood insulin level, lipid profile, and the viability of pancreatic cells were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats (Sprague-Dawley) with a blood glucose level above 300 mg/dL after induction with STZ (50 mg/kg of body weight) were considered to be diabetic and used for the treatment with CHP (4 mg/day/kg of body weight). The blood glucose level in the CHP-fed rats was reduced remarkably by approximately 56% as compared to the untreated diabetic group at 21 days of feeding. In an oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose levels were restored to baseline at 120 min after CHP treatment, although the levels increased significantly after 30 min. Plasma insulin levels in the CHP-treated group were also enhanced by 2-fold compared to the untreated group. Triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in CHP-treated rats almost returned to normal levels. Moreover, histological examination showed that CHP treatment restored impaired β-cells in the pancreas up to two-thirds of the normal level. The transcriptional level of C-reactive protein (CRP), used mainly as a marker of inflammation, was also restored mimicking normal level in the CHP-treated-group, suggesting that the β-cells destroyed by STZ were, at least in part, recovered. Accordingly, CHP was concluded to have an excellent hypoglycemic effect by lowering average plasma glucose levels, increasing insulin secretion, and restoring the viability of pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats. We suggest that CHP might be a potential candidate to control Type I diabetes mellitus.
The present study was conducted to examine anti-diabetic activities of soybean hydrolysate containing cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) on plasma glucose level, oral glucose tolerance, body weight, lipid profile, histological and immunohistochemical staining, and levels of C-reactive protein and leptin in a Type II diabetic animal model (C57BL/6J ob/ob). When the ob/ob mice were administrated with CHP (2 mg/kg BW, 24 days), blood glucose levels decreased to approximately 57% that of the control ob/ob mice at 24days of feeding and insulin levels in plasma were significantly increased (2-fold) in CHP-treated ob/ob mice. In the oral glucose tolerance test, blood glucose levels were nearly restored to its baseline between 120 and 180 min in CHP-treated ob/ob mice, where as the control ob/ob mice showed high blood glucose above 350 mg/dL. Moreover, total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in CHP treated ob/ob mice were significantly decreased by approximately 2-fold, compared to those of control ob/ob mice. And also, a histopathological examination revealed that CHP treatment could restore the impaired β-cells of pancreas to the normal level and pancreases are becoming larger at 24day after CHP treatment, whereas few pancreas of the control ob/ob mice group was detected. Interestingly, pancreatic β-cells were strikingly restored at 72nd and 130th day after stopping CHP feeding, respectively. And also, insulin secretion was largely enhanced though the CHP treatment was stopped, indicating that the CHP largely increased viability and restoration of the pancrease in CHP-treated ob/ob mice group. The transcriptional level of C-reactiveprotein (CRP), used mainly as a marker of inflammation, was decreased by approximately two-fold than those of the control ob/ob mice group. Leptin which is involved in the regulation of glucose transport was increased by approximately 1.5 fold in CHP-treated ob/ob mice. Based on these results, it is demonstrated that the CHP could be effective for regulating blood glucose to normal level by increasing plasma insulin level in ob/ob mice. Conclusively, we suggest that this compound might be a candidate material as a dietary supplement to control hyperglycemia in patients suffering from type II diabetes.
4. Analytical study of characteristics of anti-diabetic related gene (protein)
A. Analyses of functions and characteristics of anti-diabetic related genes in pancreases of Type I rat and Type II mouse
Diabetic studies are mostly interested in gene expression in the pancreas, the site of insulin secretion that regulates blood glucose levels. However, a single gene approach has been ruled out for many years in discovering new genes or the molecular networks involved in the induction process of diabetes. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) affects amelioration of diabetes mellitus, we performed gene expression profiling in the pancreatic tissues of two diabetic animal models, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (T1DM) and genetically-diabetic (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice (T2DM).
To understand the healing process of these diabetic rodents, we examined the effects of CHP on various gene expression in pancreatic tissues of both animal models. Our microarray analysis revealed that a total of 1,175 genes were down-regulated and 629 genes were up-regulated in response to STZ treatment, and the altered expression levels of numerous genes were restored to normal state upon CHP treatment. In particular, 476 genes showed significantly altered gene expression upon CHP treatment. In a functional classification, 7,198 genes were counted as differentially expressed in pancreatic tissues of STZ- and CHP-treated rats compared with control, whereas 1,534 genes were restored to normal states by CHP treatment. Microarray data demonstrated for the first time that overexpression of the genes encoding IL-1 receptor, lipid metabolic enzymes (e.g. Mte1, Ptdss1, and Sult2a1), myo-inositol oxygenase, glucagon, and somatostatin as well as down-regulation of olfactory receptor 984 and mitochondrial ribosomal protein, which are highly linked to T1DM etiology.
In genetically-diabetic mice, 4,384 genes altered in expression by higher than 2-fold were counted as differentially expressed genes in pancreatic tissues of CHP-treated mice. On the other hand, 2,140 genes were up-regulated and 2,244 genes were down-regulated by CHP treatment. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that up-regulation of IL-2, IL12a, and leptin receptor and down-regulation of PIK3 played important physiological roles in the onset of T2DM. In conclusion, we hypothesize that CHP accelerates alterations of gene expression in ameliorating diabetes and antagonizes those that induces the disease.
B. Analyses of functions and characteristics of anti-diabetic related proteins in pancreases of Type I rat and Type II mouse
To provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes mellitus, we performed a proteomic study on two diabetic animal models, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (T1DM) and genetically diabetic (C57BL/6J ob/ob) mice (T2DM). To better understand the recovery process of those diabetic rodents, we examined the effect of hypoglycemic dipeptide Cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) treatment on the differential expression of pancreatic proteins in both animal models. Oral administration of CHP had an excellent hypoglycemic effect in both animal models, lowering the average plasma glucose level by over 50%. Pancreatic proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This study allowed, for the first time, the identification of 34 proteins that are related to diabetes and potential targets of CHP, a potent anti-diabetic agent for both T1DM and T2DM. The alterations in the expression of these proteins could indicate a tendency for diabetic animals to overcome their diabetic state.
These proteins are involved in cellular functions such as metabolism, cellular structure, oxidative stress, as well as signal and energy transduction. Some have already been linked to diabetes, suggesting that the newly identified proteins might also be significant in the etiology of this pathology and should be further investigated. Furthermore, CHP has emerged as a potent tool for both the treatment and study of the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetes. Thus, the findings presented here provide new insights into the study and potential treatment of this pathology.
C. Analyses of functions and characteristics of anti-diabetic related proteins in blood plasma of Type I rat and Type II mouse
The proteins in plasma perform many important functions in the body, and the protein profiles of the plasma vary under different physiological and pathological conditions. In an attempt to identify novel marker proteins for diabetes prognosis, we examined the effect of hypoglycemic dipeptide cyclo (His-Pro) (CHP) on the differential regulation of plasma proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and genetically-diabetic (ob/ob) mice. The orally-administrated CHP produced an excellent hypoglycemic effect in both animal models, lowering the average plasma glucose level by over 50%. In the 2-DE analysis of the plasma, a total of 31 spots among 500 visualized spots were found to be differentially regulated, and they were identified by MALDI/TOF mass spectrometry. These proteins include the down-regulation of ApoE and the up-regulation of FGA, ApoA-I, ApoA-IV, A1M, and CRP in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Moreover, CHP significantly reduced the plasma protein levels of FGB, FGC, F12, C1Q, TNF5, and SPA3K, as well as increased the abundance of A1M, A2M, ApoE, and TTR in genetically-diabetic mice. In conclusion, alteration in the regulation of these proteins indicates that this treatment may be successful in overcoming the diabetic state. The present proteomic data can serve as the basis for the development of specific evidence-based interventions allowing for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
5. Elucidation for the hypoglycemic effect of soybean hydrolysate containing CHP by simple clinical test
Total of 12.0 g/day (3 times/day) were taken in subject 10 patients to measure the blood glucose for hypoglycemic effect of soybean hydrolysate containing CHP. As a result, blood sugar content before taking soybean hydrolysates was 278.25 mg/dL, but after 15 days the level decreased significantly to 121.25 mg/dL. HbA1c level also decreased from 12.45% to 9.85%. In addition, the changes of lipid components, GOT and GPT in blood were not changed significantly.
6. Mass production and development of new products containing CHP
2,000 L of water and 100 kg of defatted soy flour were mixed with adjusting to pH 7.0, and reacted for 12 hours at 50℃, and with enzyme to produce soybean hydrolysates largely.
After 30 min the reaction was inactivated by heating at 80℃, and through filtration, concentration and spray drying, soy hydrolysates were prepared. Also, soybean hydrolysates were prepared in the form of capsule, tablet and small pill form to increase the availability.
Two patents were applied on soybean hydrolysate containing CHP with hypoglycemic effect.
These patents were transferred to the participating company, Saerom Bio, and was commercialized to product named as New Ensular.
Cereal bar containing soybean hydrolysate was prepared, and its characteristics were examined to apply to processed foods. L value of soybean hydrolysate bar was slightly higher than cereal bar, and a and b values were no differences between the soybean hydrolysate bar and cereal bar. ΔE values of soybean hydrolysate bar was lower level than cereal bar. Hardeness of soybean hydrolysate bar showed a high level, but springiness level did not showed significantly different. However, soybean hydrolysate bar showed a low level of brittless. Total acceptability of soybean hydrolysate bar did not showed sigificantly differences.
Tofu was prepared with soybean hydrolysate, and physical characteristics of tofus (SH-tofu : tofu prepared with soybean hydrolysate, C-tofu: commercial tofu) were measured. The b levels of SH- and C-tofu showed 16.18 and 15.15, respectively. Texture analysis (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, brittleness and chewiness) did not showed significantly difference between tofus. And sensory analysis also showed no significantly differences.
The dip and spray coating method of a rice with soybean hydrolysate was investigated for the utilility of rice. Dip coating method was inadequate by a low absorption rate of soybean hydrolysate, while spray coating method was relatively adequate although formation of some crack. The coated rice exhibited the external apperance, hydration pattern and rate similar to that of raw rice. The coated rice showed slightly a high level of moisture absorption rate owing to methyl cellulose polymer as coating binder.
There were no significantly differences of physical characteristic including colors and sensory evaluation between commercial soy milk and soy milk added soybean hyrolysate.
Therefore, functional soybean milk with soybean hydrolysate was suggested.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 3
• SUMMARY ... 13
• CONTENTS ... 24
• 목차 ... 33
• 제 1 장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 41
• 제 1 절 연구개발의 목표 ... 41
• 1. 연구개발의 최종목표 ... 41
• 2. 연구개발 목표의 성격 ... 41
• 가. 연구소재 ... 41
• 나. Proteomics 및 Gene-fishing 기술을 이용한 당뇨 연구 ... 42
• 다. 혈당강하물질의 상품화 ... 42
• 제 2 절 연구개발의 필요성 ... 42
• 1. 연구개발대상 기술의 경제적ㆍ산업적 중요성 및 연구개발의 필요성 ... 42
• 가. 당뇨병 현황 ... 43
• 나. 당뇨치료제 개발 분야 ... 43
• 다. Cyclo-His-Pro (CHP)의 소재 및 기능 ... 44
• 라. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 45
• (1) 기술적 측면 ... 45
• (2) 경제ㆍ산업적 측면 ... 47
• (3) 사회ㆍ문화적 측면 ... 48
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 49
• 제 1 절 세계적 수준 ... 49
• 1. 국외 제품생산 및 시장 현황 ... 49
• 가. 해외 바이오식품 산업동향 ... 49
• 나. 시장 현황 ... 49
• 2. 국외 당뇨병 개선 식품 현황 ... 51
• 3. 국외 당뇨병 관련 Proteomics 기술현황 ... 52
• 4. 국외 CHP 관련 연구현황 ... 53
• 제 2 절 국내적 수준 ... 53
• 1. 국내 제품생산 및 시장 현황 ... 53
• 가. 국내 바이오식품 산업동향 ... 53
• 나. 국내시장 요약 ... 55
• 다. 업체 당뇨관련 건강식품 제안 ... 55
• 2. 국내 당뇨병 개선 식품 현황 ... 58
• 3. 국내 당뇨병 관련 Proteomics 기술현황 ... 58
• 4. 국내 CHP 관련 연구현황 ... 58
• 제 3 절 국내ㆍ외 관련기술의 문제점 및 전망 ... 59
• 제 3 장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 61
• 제 1 절 1차년도 ... 61
• 1. 연구내용 ... 61
• 2. 연구결과 ... 64
• 가. 콩 가수분해물의 제조 (분해 조건 확립) 및 함량증진 ... 64
• (1) 단백질가수분해 효소를 이용한 가수분해물 제조 및 CHP 분석 ... 64
• (가) 콩의 종류에 따른 CHP 생산량 비교 ... 67
• (나) 대두 가수분해물 제조 및 CHP 분석 ... 69
• (2) 미생물 발효를 이용한 대두 가수분해물 제조 및 CHP 분석 ... 73
• (3) Flavourzyme/alcalase 가수분해물의 CHP 증진 ... 78
• 나. Insulinoma cell (in vitro)에서 Cyclo-His-Pro (CHP)의 항당뇨활성 ... 79
• (1) RINm5F Cell의 특성 ... 79
• (2) RINm5F 세포에서 STZ으로 유도한 당뇨 모델 ... 79
• 다. 제 1형 당뇨 항당뇨 활성 ... 92
• (1) Rat에서 CHP의 항당뇨 활성 효과 ... 92
• (가) CHP처리에 따른 포도당부하시험 ... 92
• (나) CHP 처리에 따른 체중 변화 및 식이량 ... 92
• (다) CHP처리에 혈중 인슐린 변화 ... 93
• (라) 혈중 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 ... 93
• 라. CHP에 의한 제1형 당뇨모델의 프로테옴 분석 ... 98
• 마. cDNA microarray 기법을 이용한 유전자 발현양상 ... 103
• 바. Rat 췌장의 조직학적 연구 ... 106
• 제 2 절 2차년도 ... 109
• 1. 연구내용 ... 109
• 2. 연구결과 ... 114
• 가. 제 2형 당뇨 항당뇨 활성 ... 114
• (1) Genetically ob/ob mice에서 CHP의 항당뇨 활성 효과 ... 114
• (2) CHP처리에 따른 포도당부하시험 ... 114
• (3) CHP 처리에 따른 체중 변화 및 식이량 ... 115
• (4) CHP처리에 혈중 인슐린 변화 ... 115
• (5) 혈중 총콜레스테롤 및 중성지방 ... 115
• (6) Mice 췌장의 조직학적 연구 ... 116
• 나. CHP 처리에 의한 2형 당뇨 모델에서 프로테옴 분석 ... 122
• (1) 2형 당뇨 모델 (ob/ob mice)에 대한 CHP 처리에 따른 plasma 단백질 변화 ... 122
• (가) CHP 처리에 따른 plasma 단백질 분석 ... 122
• (나) Western blotting에 의한 단백질 분석 ... 122
• (다) Leptin 유전자 mRNA 발현량 분석 ... 123
• (2) 2형 당뇨 모델 (ob/ob mice)에 대한 CHP 처리에 따른 췌장 조직 단백질 변화 ... 130
• (가) 2-DE separation and identification of proteins ... 130
• (나) Detection of proteins by Western blotting ... 130
• 다. CHP 처리에 의한 2형 당뇨 모델에서 유전자 분석 ... 135
• (1) cDNA microarray 기법을 이용한 유전자 발현양상 ... 135
• (2) 유전자 발현양상 기능적 분류 ... 135
• (3) 당뇨관련 유전자 및 마커 단백질 발현양상 ... 136
• (4) CHP에 의한 추정의 항당뇨 기작 ... 136
• 라. Pilot plant에서 생산 공정 및 표준화 조건 확립 ... 148
• (1) CHP 함량 증진 공정 도입 방법 ... 148
• (가) 알콜, 산에 의한 침전 및 UF에 의한 CHP 함량 증진 공정 ... 148
• (나) 온도에 의한 cyclization 검토 ... 149
• 마. 대두 가수분해물의 기능성 평가 ... 152
• (1) 열안정성 ... 152
• (2) 용해도 ... 152
• (3) 거품 형성력 및 안정성 ... 152
• (4) 유화력 ... 153
• (5) 소화력 ... 153
• (6) 콩가수분해물 10 kDa 이하 분획의 안전성 평가 ... 153
• (7) 항산화 효과 ... 154
• 제 3 절 3차년도 ... 166
• 1. 연구내용 ... 166
• 2. 연구결과 ... 170
• 가. Type 2 db/db mouse에서 CHP의 효과 ... 170
• (1) 투여 시간에 따른 혈당 변화 ... 170
• 나. 제 1형 Rat과 2형 mouse 췌장에서 당뇨관련 유전자들의 기능 및 특성 분석 ... 172
• (1) STZ-처리 diabetic rat과 당뇨 쥐 (ob/ob mouse)에서 CHP 항당뇨 효과 ... 172
• (2) STZ-처리 diabetic rat의 췌장 조직에서 유전자 발현 패턴 분석 ... 172
• (3) 유전적 당뇨쥐 (ob/ob mouse)의 췌장 조직에서 유전자 발현 패턴 분석 ... 180
• (4) 제 1형 및 제 2형 당뇨쥐의 췌장에서 추정의 항당뇨 기작 ... 188
• (가) 제 1형 당뇨 쥐 췌장에서 추정의 항당뇨 기작 ... 188
• (나) 제 2형 당뇨 쥐 췌장에서 추정의 항당뇨 기작 ... 189
• 다. 제 1형 Rat과 2형 mouse 췌장에서 당뇨관련 단백질들의 기능 및 특성 분석 ... 190
• (1) 제 1형 Rat 췌장에서 당뇨관련 단백질 특성 분석 ... 190
• (2) 제 2형 mouse 췌장에서 당뇨관련 단백질 특성 분석 ... 195
• 라. 제 1형 Rat과 2형 mouse 혈액에서 당뇨관련 단백질들의 기능 및 특성 분석 ... 201
• (1) 제 1형 Rat 혈액에서 당뇨관련 단백질 특성 분석 ... 201
• (2) 제 2형 mouse 혈액에서 당뇨관련 단백질 특성 분석 ... 207
• (3) Western blot 분석에 의한 프로테옴 결과 확인 및 adiponectin 및 resistin 단백질 분석 ... 219
• 마. CHP 함유 대두가수분해물의 혈당강하 효과 ... 222
• (1) 피험자 선정 및 투약 ... 222
• (2) 공복 시의 혈당 및 지질 측정 ... 222
• 바. CHP 함유 대두가수분해물을 이용한 제품 개발 ... 224
• (1) CHP 함유 대두가수분해물의 대량생산 ... 224
• (2) 대두가수분해물의 제형화 ... 225
• (가) 캡슐 ... 225
• (나) 타정 ... 225
• (다) 환제조 ... 226
• (3) CHP 함유 대두가수분해물의 상품화 ... 226
• (4) 대두가수분해물의 곡물 강정바 적용 ... 230
• (가) 배합비 ... 230
• (나) 제조공정 ... 231
• (다) 제품성상 ... 231
• (라) 제품 평가 결과 ... 231
• ① 색도 ... 231
• ② 기계적 물성 평가 ... 232
• ③ 관능평가 ... 233
• (5) 대두가수분해물 첨가 두부 제조 ... 234
• (가) 두부의 제조 ... 234
• (나) 색도 ... 234
• (다) 두부의 조직감 측정 ... 235
• (라) 관능검사 ... 236
• (6) 대두가수분해물 강화 코팅 쌀의 제조 ... 238
• (가) 재료 ... 238
• (나) 대두가수분해물의 수화 및 흡수 측정 ... 238
• (다) 쌀입자의 코팅 ... 238
• (라) 대두가수분해물 코팅쌀의 수화 및 흡수 측정 ... 238
• (마) 쌀입자의 형태분석 ... 239
• (바) 쌀입자의 표면분석 ... 239
• (사) 색도 측정 ... 239
• (아) 통계 처리 ... 239
• (자) 결과 ... 240
• ① 쌀의 대두가수분해물의 수화 및 흡수 코팅 ... 240
• ② 코팅쌀의 외형적 특성 ... 241
• ③ 코팅쌀의 수화 양상 및 수화 속도 ... 245
• ④ 코팅쌀의 표면 및 내부구조 관찰 ... 247
• (7) 대두가수분해물을 이용한 두유 제조 ... 249
• (가) 원료 및 레시피 ... 249
• (나) 공정 ... 249
• (다) 대두가수분해물 함유 두유의 색차값 ... 249
• (라) 총당 및 단백질 함량 ... 250
• 제 4 장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 251
• 제 1 절 총괄 연구개발 목표 달성도 ... 251
• 1. 총괄연구목표 및 달성도 ... 251
• 가. 연구성과 목표 ... 251
• 나. 연구성과 활용 목표 ... 251
• 제 2 절 연도별 연구개발 목표 달성 및 관련분야 기여도 ... 252
• 1. 1차년도 연구개발 목표 달성 및 관련 분야 기여도 ... 252
• 2. 2차년도 연구개발 목표 달성 및 관련 분야 기여도 ... 253
• 3. 3차년도 연구개발 목표 달성 및 관련 분야 기여도 ... 254
• 제 5 장 연구개발 성과 및 성과활용 계획 ... 256
• 제 1 절 연구개발 성과 ... 256
• 1. 연구논문 및 학술대회 발표 ... 256
• 가. 국내 연구논문 ... 256
• 나. 국제 연구논문 ... 258
• 다. 학술대회 발표 ... 267
• 2. 특허 출원 ... 275
• 제 2 절 연구성과 활용 계획 ... 277
• 1. 기술이전 ... 277
• 2. 기술이전에 의한 상품개발 ... 278
• 3. 개발기술 활용계획 및 판매 전략 (새롬바이오) ... 282
• 가. 개발기술 활용계획 ... 282
• 나. 판매계획 ... 282
• 4. 타 연구 활용계획 ... 283
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 285
• 제 7 장 참고문헌 ... 286
• 끝페이지 ... 298