초록 ▼

- 건축물에서의 화재확산은 벽체 및 바닥과 같은 내화구조보다는 문, 창문, 덕트/댐퍼 및 설비 관통부와 같은 개구부를 통하여 이루어지기 쉬우나 일률적인 화재성능기준 적용, 관련 규정 부재 및 평가방법 미흡 등으로 화재안전성을 확보하기 어려운 실정으로 이에 대한 관련 기준의 정비 및 보완이 필요함.
- 이에 본 연구에서는 화재확산방지설비별로 국내․외 관련제도(제도, 평가방법)를 검토하고, 문제점을 도출하여 개선방향을 설정하였으며, 성능검증, 화재위험성 평가, 전문기관의견 검토 및 기술자료 분석 등을 통해 개선방향을 검토하여 최종

- 건축물에서의 화재확산은 벽체 및 바닥과 같은 내화구조보다는 문, 창문, 덕트/댐퍼 및 설비 관통부와 같은 개구부를 통하여 이루어지기 쉬우나 일률적인 화재성능기준 적용, 관련 규정 부재 및 평가방법 미흡 등으로 화재안전성을 확보하기 어려운 실정으로 이에 대한 관련 기준의 정비 및 보완이 필요함.
- 이에 본 연구에서는 화재확산방지설비별로 국내․외 관련제도(제도, 평가방법)를 검토하고, 문제점을 도출하여 개선방향을 설정하였으며, 성능검증, 화재위험성 평가, 전문기관의견 검토 및 기술자료 분석 등을 통해 개선방향을 검토하여 최종 개선안을 작성하였음.
- 개선안으로 방화문 및 방화용 승강기문의 차열성능 도입 및 성능기준 정립, 차열 방화문 내 비차열 방화유리창 허용, 양여닫이 방화문 작동성능 평가, 방화유리창의 적용 및 성능 규정, 방화댐퍼․수평 방화셔터․내화덕트 관련 규정 마련, 내화충전구조의 완화․적용 대상 및 범위 명확화, 선형 조인트 충전구조의 현장관리 강화 및 일반용/커튼월용 구분, 충전구조의 T급/F급 도입, 선형 조인트 진동시험 도입, 관통재의 최대 관경․최대크기 제한, 3시간 지지구조 도입 및 통합고시 제정을 제안함.
- 화재확산방지설비의 성능검증을 통하여 성능이 확인된 구조를 성능 DB로 구축함으로써, 관련 제조업체에 제품의 설계 및 개발에 대한 가이드라인을 제공함.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Researching contents and results
The related domestic and foreign systems and evaluation methods by the opening protectives are reviewed, the improving direction is established by deducing the problems, the improving direction is reviewed to prepare the final improved amendment by verifying th

Ⅳ. Researching contents and results
The related domestic and foreign systems and evaluation methods by the opening protectives are reviewed, the improving direction is established by deducing the problems, the improving direction is reviewed to prepare the final improved amendment by verifying the performance, evaluating the fire danger, reviewing the opinion of the professional organization, and analyzing the technical data.
1. Amendment for fire door
a. Securing the insulated performance of the fire door related to the shelter
Because the uninsulated fire door related to the shelter threatens the human safety due to the temperature rise of the shelter by the heat transmission(convective/radiant heat), the amendment for the following related law and announcement is prepared for securing the fire safety at the shelter by installing the insulated fire door(uninsulated 60-minutes + insulated 30-minutes) at the door toward the balcony of the special evacuating stairs a the safe shelter or annex and the shelter of the apartment building.
∙ amendment related to the standard for the evacuating/fire resistance structure of the building
∙ No. 2012-552, amendment, ‘Standard for Auto fire shutter and fire door’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
∙ No. 2012-745, amendment, ‘Remolding procedure & installing standard for the balcony and others’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
b. Establishing the standard for evaluating the insulating performance
Because there is no evaluation stanard for the insulating performance related to the insulated fire door, the improved amendment is prepared to amend the related announcement. And, as for the KS F 2268-1 related to the evaluation on the fire resistance performance of the fire door, the amended KS amendment is prepared to change from 180K to 360K of the highest rising on the behind surface as the insulation standard for the door frame just like the ISO 3008.
∙ No. 2012-552, amendment, ‘Standard for Auto fire shutter and fire door’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
∙ amendment of KS F 2268-1 ‘fire resistance test on the fire door’
c. Insulated fire door limiting the area of the uninsulated window
The amendment for the related announcement is prepared such that the window of the fire door requiring the insulating performance allows the uninsulated window smaller than or equal to 0.065 ㎡(if exceeded, the insulating window with the said fire resistance performance should be installed) to be installed for securing the fire safety in order to observe the fire situation of the neighboring fire partition by the insulated fire door relating the instruction of the insulated fire door.
∙ No. 2012-552, amendment, ‘Standard for Auto fire shutter and fire door’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
d. Evaluating the operating performance of the double swing fire door
In order to secure the fire security of the double swing fire door using both doors for the evacuation, before evaluating the smoke-blocking and fire resistance performance of the fire door, the amendment for the related announcement is prepared to check whether the double swing fire door is automatically closed(to be fixed) with both door opened.
∙ No. 2012-552, amendment, ‘Standard for Auto fire shutter and fire door’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
2. Amendment of the fire shutter
a. Installing the horizontal fire shutter
The existing automatic fire shutter has the stanard for the gravity-type vertical shutter only, but it is amended for the horizontal shutter to be horizontally opened and closed according to the necessity of the building design as the technology has been developed such that the design can be selected wider than before and the system can be used suitably depending on the building condition.
∙ amendment related to the standard for the evacuating/fire resistance structure of the building
3. Amendment of fire lift landing door
a. Securing the insulating performance of the fire lift landing door related to the evacuation
The fire lift landing door at the lift exit of the evacuation-related lift is the uninsulated lift door only for preventing the flame from being spread, so the evacuating refugee’s life becomes dangerous due to the temperature rise by the convective/radiant heat transmission. Therefore, the amendment for the related law and announcement is prepared to secure the fire safety of the lift by installing the insulated fire lift landing door(60 minutes of uninsulation + 30 minutes of insulation) at the lift exit of the evacuating lift installed separately from the emergency lift to the evacuation zone of the skyscraper.
∙ amendment related to the standard for the evacuating/fire resistance structure of the building
∙ No. 2012-552, amendment, ‘Standard for Auto fire shutter and fire door’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
b. Establishing the standard for evaluating the insulating performance
Because there is no standard for evaluating the insulating performance related to introducing the insulated fire lift landing door, the improved amendment is prepared to amend the related announcement to evaluate the insulated performance. As for the KS F 2268-1 quoting the evaluation of the fire resistance performance of the fire lift landing door, the highest temperature rise of the behind surface is changed from 180K to 360K as the insulated performance standard for the frame(door frame) just like the ISO 3008.
∙ No. 2012-552, amendment, ‘Standard for Auto fire shutter and fire door’ announced by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
∙ amendment of KS F 2268-1, ‘fire resistance test on the fire door’
4. Amendment of fire window
a. Changing ‘Meshed window’ of the building standard law to ‘Fire window’
The current build standard law provides to apply the ‘meshed window’ to the evacuating stairs and the special evacuating stairs for preventing the flame from being spread, but it is too highly possible for the ‘meshed window’ to secure the fire safety because its fire resistance performance is not certain. So, the amendment for the related law is prepared to change the ‘meshed window’ to the ‘fire window’.
∙ amendment related to the standard for the evacuating/fire resistance structure of the building
b. Establishing the standard for evaluating the fire resistance performance of the fire window
The amended announcement quoting the KS F 2845 ‘fire resistance test on glass partition’ is prepared to evaluate the fire resistance performance of the fire window, which makes the performance standard of the fire window secure the 1-hour uninsulated performance.
∙Amended announcement for the ‘fire window standard’
c. Excluding the limit of area(1 ㎡) and clearance(2 m) when using the fire window
The related law is amended to exclude the limit of the clearance(2 m) from the window or others installed at the other place of the building regardless of the area of the fire window when the fire window is used at the external window of the evacuation stairs and the special evacuation stairs.
∙ amendment related to the standard for the evacuating/fire resistance structure of the building
5. Amendment of fire damper
a. Amending the law related to the fire damper
The law related to the fire damper is amended for the fire damper with its performance approved for installing and applying to be used at the fire resistance line.
∙ amendment related to the standard for the evacuating/fire resistance structure of the building
b. Establishing the standard for evaluating the performance
As for evaluating the fire damper, the amendment is announced for the fire resistance performance to secure the 1-hour insulated performance according to the KS F 2840 ‘fire resistance test on the fire damper and for the air leakage(as the smoke-blocking performance) to be less than or equal to 5 ㎥/min․㎡ at 20 Pa of the differential pressure by '4.2 Smoke leakage test' of the KS F 2822 'Smoke-blocking test on the fire damper'.
∙ Amended announcement for the ‘Fire damper standard’
6. Amendment of fire resistance tests for ventilation ducts
a. Code amendment
In the amended code, information about the installation and the application of ventilation ducts where fireproof dampers cannot be installed is provided. Hence, designers or customers can have an option to chose the type of ducts (ducts with fireproof dampers or ducts without fireproof dampers) on their purpose in practice. The way of testing the ducts without fireproof dampers is a new methodology that has not been established in Korea before. By establishing this code, it is possible to evaluate the performance of fire resistance ducts. The amendment is made in the Korean regulations below.
∙ Regulation for the evacuation & fireproof structures of buildings
∙ KS F 2841 (Fire resistance tests for ventilating ducts)
b. Methodology amendment
Current methodology for testing fire resistance performance of fireproof ducts follows KS F 2841, which was made based on ISO 6944 established in 1985. However, recently, ISO 6944 was abolished. Instead, ISO 6944 is divided into two codes: one is ISO 6944-1 (ventilation ducts), and the other is ISO 6944-2 (kitchen ducts). Hence, to reflect this recent amendment of ISO, it is necessary to revise KS F 2841. For closely follow the current ISO code of fireproof ducts, the methodology and entire content in KS F 2841 were revised, and a title was also changed to match up with ISO code as shown below.
∙ KS F ISO 6944-1 Fire containment-Elements of building construction
– Part 1: Ventilation ducts
7. Amendment of fire stop system
a. Managing the compressing density of the fireproof material at the curtain wall linear joint
The fireproof material of the linear joint fire stop system at the curtain wall structure has much influence on the fireproof performance. But, it is difficult to secure the fireproof performance of the curtain wall structure because the current regulation does not reflect it, so the related regulate is amended to check whether the fireproof material is compressed or not.
∙ amendment of the standard for approving and managing the fire stop system
b. Differentiating the fireproof performance on the penetrating equipment
The current regulation too highly controls the fireproof performance of all penetrating equipments uniformly, but it is amended to classify by the insulating(Class T) performance and the smoke-blocking(Class F) performance according to the building type, the importance and the penetrating material just like the foreign cases.
∙ amendment of the detailed operating guide on the fire stop system
c. Correct fireproof test on Curtain wall linear joint
The investigation on the damage caused by the fire reports many fire spread cases due to the bad spandrel panel. But, the current regulation provides to check only the performance of the fireproof at the linear joint, so it is very highly possible for the fire to spread. So, the sample making, the test method, the testing structure, the test procedure and the determinating standard are newly established.
∙ amendment of the detailed operating guide on the fire stop system
d. Movement test on the fireproof material at the linear joint
The adhesive strength of the linear joint of the high building on the fireproof material and the structural element may be reduced by earthquake, wind, heat or others after the installation, which may greatly influence the fireproof performance. The related regulation is amended to meet the domestic situation by reviewing the contents not meeting to the ISO standard over the added contents of the movement test(not included at the current detailed domestic guide) and the basic test.
∙ amendment of the detailed operating guide on the fire stop system
e. Limiting the pipe size of the penetrating equipment and the mizimum size of the penetrating duct
The current regulation does not provide the concrete contents for the penetrating pipe and duct size of the fire stop system. So, the related regulation is amended. First, the maximum size of the penetrating material is ∅400 ㎜ by reflecting the domestic situation, and the larger one may be used with no separate performance test. Also, the maximum size of the penetrating duct is 1 000 ㎜×250 ㎜(wall) for the horizontal penetrating one while 1 000 ㎜×500 ㎜(floor) for the vertical penetrating one, and the larger one may be used with no separate performance test.
∙ amendment of the detailed operating guide on the fire stop system
f. Preparing the 3-hour fireproof performance standard for the wall supporting structure
The current regulation requires the 2-hour of the fireproof performance for the wall supporting structure, but its importance is getting increased. So, it is amended to secure the 3-hour of the fireproof performance for the related system.
∙ amendment of the detailed operating guide on the fire stop system
8. Other amendments
a. Integrated announcement related to Opening protectives
In order for the related person to easily access and for the related department to efficiently manage, Announcement No. 2012-552, 'Automatic fire shutter and door standard' and 'Detailed operating guide for Fire stop system' of Announcement No. 2012-625, 'Standard for approving and managing the fire stop system' of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the amendment of the fire window standard, and the amendment of the fire damper standard are integrated into the amendment of 'Standard for Opening protectives of the fire partition at the building'(tentative name).
b. Preparing the field management plan
The relating announced bill and amendment are prepared for reinforcing the follow-up of the opening protectives to make the performance-improved product suitably used when applying the opening protectives to the field.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 제출문 ... 2
• 보고서 요약서 ... 3
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 17
• CONTENTS ... 33
• 목차 ... 34
• 제1장 연구과제 개요 ... 36
• 제1절 연구의 목표 및 필요성 ... 36
• 1. 연구의 목표 ... 36
• 2. 연구의 필요성 ... 38
• 제2절 관련분야의 국내․외 기술 현황 ... 44
• 1. 국내 기술 및 산업 동향 ... 44
• 2. 국외 기술 및 산업 동향 ... 48
• 제3절 연구결과가 관련분야에서 차지하는 위치 ... 53
• 제2장 연구 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 54
• 제1절 연구수행 전략 및 방법 ... 54
• 1. 연구수행 추진체계 ... 54
• 2. 연차별 연구 범위 및 수행방법 ... 55
• 제2절 연구수행 내용 및 결과 ... 58
• 1. 방화문/방화셔터 ... 58
• 2. 방화용 승강기문 ... 76
• 3. 방화유리창 ... 84
• 4. 방화댐퍼 ... 91
• 5. 내화충전구조 ... 96
• 6. 기타사항 ... 125
• 7. 화재확산방지설비별 성능 DB 구축 ... 127
• 제3장 최종 연구성과 ... 128
• 제1절 정책반영 ... 128
• 1. 내화구조 인정 및 관리기준 개정 ... 128
• 2. 내화충전구조 세부운영지침 개정 ... 129
• 제2절 정책제안 ... 130
• 1. 건축물의 피난․방화구조 등의 기준에 관한 규칙 일부 개정령안 ... 130
• 2. 자동방화셔터 및 방화문의 성능기준 일부 개정(안) ... 130
• 3. 발코니 등의 구조변경절차 및 설치기준 일부 개정(안) ... 130
• 4. 내화구조 인정 및 관리기준 일부 개정(안) ... 130
• 5. 공동주택 하자의 조사, 보수비용 산정방법 및 하자판정기준 고시 일부 개정(안) ... 130
• 6. 방화댐퍼의 기준 제정(안) ... 131
• 7. 방화유리창의 기준 제정(안) ... 131
• 8. 내화덕트의 기준 제정(안) ... 131
• 9. 내화충전구조 세부운영지침 일부 개정(안) ... 131
• 제3절 시험기준 개발 ... 132
• 1. KS F 2268-1 ‘방화문의 내화시험방법’ 개정(안) ... 132
• 2. KS F 2841 ‘덕트의 내화시험방법’ 개정(안) ... 132
• 제4절 관련 논문 작성 ... 133
• 1. 학술지 게재 논문 ... 133
• 2. 학술회의 발표 논문 ... 133
• 제5절 정책홍보 ... 135
• 1. TV 방송 ... 135
• 2. 신문 기사 ... 136
• 제6절 특허출원 ... 138
• 1. 출원 정보 ... 138
• 제7절 세미나 개최 ... 138
• 1. 공청회 개최 ... 138
• 2. 국제 세미나 개최 ... 138
• 3. 자체평가회의 개최 ... 139
• 4. 자문회의 개최 ... 139
• 5. 공동주택 대피공간 차열방화문 간담회 개최 ... 139
• 제4장 연구목표 달성 및 효과 ... 141
• 제1절 연구 최종목표 달성도 ... 141
• 1. 연구 최종목표 ... 141
• 2. 연차별 연구 목표 및 내용 ... 141
• 3. 연구목표의 달성도 ... 142
• 4. 성과점검기준표(당해년도) ... 145
• 제2절 연구 성과의 효과분석 ... 146
• 1. 기술적 효과분석 ... 146
• 2. 경제적 효과분석 ... 146
• 3. 정책적 효과분석 ... 147
• 제5장 연구성과의 활용 및 추가연구 필요성 ... 148
• 제1절 연구성과 향후 활용방안 ... 148
• 1. 국가 제도 및 관련 KS 표준의 제․개정을 통한 연구성과 확산 ... 148
• 2. 신규 구축 시험설비의 활용 및 관련 제조업체의 제품 개발 지원 ... 148
• 3. 특허 등 지적재산권 획득 및 기술이전(현장적용 포함) ... 148
• 4. 연구성과 홍보 ... 149
• 제2절 추가연구 필요성 등 ... 149
• 참고문헌 ... 150
• 끝페이지 ... 153