초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 당근 재배지에서 녹비작물 작부체계
- 녹비작물은 하계녹비인 수단글라스와 크로타라리아를 3:1의 비율로 혼합하여 3월에 파종하고, 6-7월 토양환원을 실시하며, 7-8월초 사이에 당근을 파종하여 12월에 당근을 수확 (노지월동)
○ 녹비작물을 이용한 환경보전형 당근재배 기술 확립
- 연작장해 경감을 통한 지속적인 당근 재배 조건 확립
- 수질오염 부하의 경감을 위한 당근 재배 조건 확립
- 토양보전을 위한 당근재배 조건 확립
○ 생강 재배지에서 녹비작물 작부체계 제시
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 당근 재배지에서 녹비작물 작부체계
- 녹비작물은 하계녹비인 수단글라스와 크로타라리아를 3:1의 비율로 혼합하여 3월에 파종하고, 6-7월 토양환원을 실시하며, 7-8월초 사이에 당근을 파종하여 12월에 당근을 수확 (노지월동)
○ 녹비작물을 이용한 환경보전형 당근재배 기술 확립
- 연작장해 경감을 통한 지속적인 당근 재배 조건 확립
- 수질오염 부하의 경감을 위한 당근 재배 조건 확립
- 토양보전을 위한 당근재배 조건 확립
○ 생강 재배지에서 녹비작물 작부체계 제시
- 녹비작물은 동계녹비작물인 보리를 단일 재배하며 11월 초에 파종하고, 이듬해 4월말 수확하여 건초화 후 토양환원을 실시하며, 5월 중순에 생강을 파종하여 11월 초에 생강을 수확
○ 토양 물리적 특성과 생강 생육과의 관계 구명
- 생강 재배 최적의 토양 물리적 특성 제시
○ 녹비작물 및 토양개량제를 이용한 생강재배 기술 확립
- 토양의 물리적 특성 개선을 통한 지속적인 생강 재배 조건 확립
- 환경친화적 토양 관리를 통한 생강 재배 조건 확립
○ 감자 연작지에서 주요 연작장해 발생양상 및 토양분석
- 감자 주산지의 병충해 및 연작장해 발생양상을 조사한 결과 역병, 더뎅이병, 바이러스, 흑지병 등이 크게 문제시 되고 있었다.
- 5년 이상 감자 연작지의 토양물리화학성을 조사한 결과 유기물, 인산, 통기성 등이 현저히 낮았고, 소량의 금속이온이 축적되어 있었다.
○ 녹비작물 종류별 파종시기, 파종방법 및 생육특성 비교
- 순천대하교 포장에서 10종의 녹비작물(수단그라스 교잡종, 헤어리베치, 호맥, 이탈리언 라이그라스, 자운영, 크림손 클로버, 크린솔고, 네마황, 네마장황, 하우스솔고)을 재배한 결과 생육상이 수단그라스 교잡종 > 헤어리베치 > 호맥 > 이탈리언 라이그라스 순이었으며, 자운영과 네마황은 생육상이 그다지 높지 못했지만, 그 이외의 4종의 녹비작물들은 모두 잘 자랐다.
○ 녹비작물 추출물의 항산화 능력 비교
- 녹비작물의 다용매 연속추출물을 이용하여 각각의 녹비작물 추출물별 항산화력은 water, methanol, ehter 용매에서 전체적으로 높았으며, ethylacetate 및 hexane 용매에서는 낮았다.
- 또한, 녹비작물 종류별로는 수단그라스, 헤어리베치, 크린솔고, 하우스솔고, 크림손클로버, 네마장황이 비교적 높은 항산화 능력을 보였으며, 이중 생육상이 좋고 재배하기 쉬운 헤어리베치와 네마장황을 선택하여 헤어리베치 단독, 네마장황 단독, 헤어리베치와 네마장황의 혼합으로 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 이전 실험과 동일하게 water, methanol, ether에서 항산화 능력이 높았으며, ethylactetate 및 hexane에서는 낮았다. 특히 water 용매의 헤어리베치와 네마장황을 혼합한 추출물에서는 항산화력이 92%로 가장 높았다.
○ 녹비작물 추출물의 항균활성 비교
- Hexane, ether, ethylacetate, methanol 및 water 용매를 이용한 대부분의 녹비작물 추출물들은 감자 더뎅이병균(Streptomyces scabiei) 및 감자 역병균(Phytophthora infestans)에 대하여 methanol과 water 용매를 이용한 경우 의미 있는 항균력을 나타내었다. 특히 헤어리베치와 네마장황을 혼합한 water 추출물의 경우 감자 더뎅이병균과 역병균 모두에서 가장 높은 항균활성을 보여, 감자 재배시 헤어리베치와 네마장황을 혼합하여 시용한다면 감자 더뎅이병 및 역병을 경감 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
○ 녹비작물 시용에 따른 토양의 물리화학성 변화
- 2011년도에 녹비작물(하우스솔고, 네마장황)을 시용한 후 토양의 유효인산, 치환성 양이온 Ca 및 Mg가 증가하였으며, pH는 큰 변화가 없이 비슷하였다.
- 2012년도에 녹비작물(헤어리베치, 네마장황)을 시용한 후 토양의 pH, EC 및 유효인산은 조금 감소하였으며, 유기물 함량은 증가하였고, T-N값은 약간 증가하였으며, 교환성 양이온은 거의 변화가 없었다. 감자 재배후 녹비작물 대조구 대비 처리구에서 pH가 조금 낮았으나 전반적인 토양의 이화학적인 특성은 큰 변화가 없었다. 또한 녹비작물 대조구와 처리구 간의 감자 수확량을 비교한 결과 처리구에서 1.5배 더 감자의 수확량이 많았다.
- 2013년도에 녹비작물(헤어리베치, 네마장황)을 시용한 후 토양의 물리화합성 변화를 본 결과 녹비작물 대조구는 토양의 성질이 변하지 않았으나 처리구에서는 pH가 약간 낮아 졌으며, EC값도 조금 감소하였고, 유기물 함량과 T-N값은 증가하였다. 감자를 재배한 이후에 녹비작물 대조구 대비 처리구에서 pH는 조금 낮았으며, EC값과 T-N값은 비슷하였고, 유기물 값은 처리구가 높았으며, 교환성 양이온은 전체적으로 처리구 값이 더 높았다. 감자 수확량은 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 1.7배 더 많았다.
- 2014년도에 감자 수확량 조사시에 감자의 크기별로 선별하여 상품성이 떨어지는 아주 작은 감자들은 제외하였다. 감자의 크기가 가장 큰 직경 7.5~9cm인 경우 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 2배 수확량이 많았으며, 직경 6.5~7.4cm인 경우 1배, 직경 5~6.4cm인 경우 1.3배 더 많았다.
○ 감자 병 발생 경감 조사
- 2012년에 수확한 감자는 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해 역병의 발생율이 낮았다. 더뎅이병의 발병율은 녹비작물 대조구에서 약 51.9%이었으며, 처리구에서는 약 20.3%로 처리구에서 정상인 감자의 개수가 2배 이상 많았다.
- 2013년에 수확한 감자의 더뎅이병의 발병율은 녹비작물 대조구에서 약 62%이었으며, 처리구에서는 49%이었다. 감자 수확량 중 상품성에 지장이 없는 감자는 녹비작물 대조구에서 32%이었고, 처리구에서는 44%로 녹비작물 처리구가 대조구에 비해서 상품성이 좋은 감자가 많았다.
- 2014년에 수확한 감자는 이전 년도(2012년 및 2013년)에 비해 더뎅이병의 발병율이 낮았으며, 수확한 감자 중 병에 감염되지 않은 감자의 비율이 녹비작물 대조구에서는 약 61%이었으며, 처리구에서는 약 80%로 정상적인 감자가 월등히 많았다.
○ 녹비작물 재배에 따른 인삼 지상·하부 생육증진
- 지상부 : 호밀, 헤어리벳치 재배시 생육증진, 지하부 : 헤어리벳치+보리재배구 근중 31%증가
○ 진세노사이드 고함유 기능성 인삼생산 가능
- ginsenoside 고함유 인삼 : 무처리구의 약 8% 증
○ 토마토 연작장해지에서 녹비작물을 이용한 연작장해 경감방안 연구
- 토마토 시설재배지에 녹비작물의 단작 및 혼작재배방법별 초장, 생체중 및 건물중을 조사한 결과는 각 처리구별 생체중 및 건물 중 함량은 헤어리베치의 경우는 46.0 및 4.8 g plant-1이었으며, 호밀의 경우는 16.8 및 3.2 g plant-1로 헤어리베치가 높은 경향이었다. 단작 및 혼작에 따라서는 녹비 1주당 생체중 및 건물중 함량은 별다른 차이 없이 비슷한 함량을 보였음
- 단작 헤어리베치의 질소 함량은 3.294%, 단작 호밀의 질소함량은 1.67%, 혼작 헤어리베치 질소 함량은 3.02%, 혼작 호밀의 질소함량은 1.35%로서 헤어리베치의 질소함량이 호밀 보다 높았다. 또한, 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 철, 망간, 구리, 니켈, 아연의 흡수량은 헤어리베치에 비하여 호밀에서 높게 나타났다. 단작과 혼작의 비교에서 혼작 녹비보리의 질소, 인, 칼륨, 마그네슘, 철의 함량이 단작보다 높았고, 단작 헤어리베치의 질소, 인, 칼륨, 철, 구리, 니켈, 아연의 함량이 혼작보다 높았다.
- 단파에 비해 혼파의 경우 녹비작물에 포함된 질소의 함량이 감소하였다. CN율이 높은 호밀은 헤어리베치와 혼파재배 시 초기에 질소를 생산할 수 있는 장점이 있으며 뿌리가 깊어 토양의 통기성을 좋게 한다고 할 수 있음
◯ 녹비작물의 biomass 생산량 및 양분공급량
- 토마토 시설재배지 토양에서 녹비작물 혼작방법별 biomass 생산량의 결과 생체중면에서 단일재배지에서 헤어리베치와 호밀에서 각각 2,183 kg 10a-1 및 2,154 kg 10a-1나타나 거의 비슷한 생산량을 보였고 혼합처리구에서 총 biomass 생산량은 2,169 kg 10a-1로 단일처리구 헤어리베치 및 호밀과 거의 유사성을 보였음.
○ 토양의 이화학적 특성변화 조사
- 녹비작물의 혼작재배지에서 생산된 녹비작물의 토양환원 전후의 토양의 pH, EC 및 O.M의 변화를 조사한 결과는 pH는 각 구간별 다른 차이 없이 6.1-6.6범위였으며, EC의 경우는 녹비파종 이전 및 생육시기에는 유의적이 차이는 없으며, 토양환원 후에는 control를 제외한 모든 구간에서 약간 증가하는 경향이었다. SOM의 함량 변화는 파종이전의 시기에 비해 토양환원 후에 약간 감소하는 경향이었고, 녹비 단작 및 혼작에 따른 SOM 함량 변화는 control 구간에 비해 헤어리베치가 1.8%, 호밀이 1.5% 및 혼합처리구에서 0.7%로 증가하였음 또한 녹비작물의 토양환원 전후의 토양의 T-N의 경우는 대조구와 비슷한 함량을 보였으나, 토양환원 후에는 증가하는 경향이었다. Av. P2O5의 경우 T-N과 비슷한 경향으로 녹비작물의 토양환원 후에는 약간 증가하는 경향이었음
○ 토마토재배지에서 미생물상 변화
- 각 녹비 처리구에서는 처리전에 비해 병원균의 밀도는 적게나타났음. 또한 토마토 재배지에서 토마토 역병 청고병 및 묘 입고병 등의 발병율을 조사한 결과 녹비 처리구에서 조사한 병 발병율은 현저히 줄었음
○ 고추재배지에 녹비작물투입 후 고추의 무기물성분 함양특성: 고추 연작재배지에서 녹비작물 투입하고 고추정식 후 3개월 후에 고추작물의 잎을 채취하여 무기물성분 함량을 조사 하였다. N과 P, B는 수단그라스와 호맥녹비작물에서 관행재배에 비하여 높게 나왔으나 K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn의 경우 오히려 낮은 함량으로 나타났다.
○ 녹비작물투입 후 고추를 정식하고 3개월 후 토양을 상층으로부터 30cm토양을 취하여 토양의 조밀도와 토양공극을 조사하여 평가 하였다. 토양 조밀도는 수단그라스 투입토양은 1.29Mg/m3 에서 호맥투입토양은 1.26 Mg/m3로 대조구에 비해 낮게 나타났으며 토양공극은 녹비작물투입 토양은 46.3에서 52.7%로 대조구보다 높게 나타났다.
○ 토양이 하층으로 내려갈수록 pH는 낮았으며 상층의 pH는 관행토양보다 녹비작물 투입토양에서 7.1에서 7.2로 높게 나타났다. 염류집적 (EC)은 상층의 토양에서 관행토양 1.7dS m-1 로 녹비작물투입토양에서 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 중층의 경우는 오히려 녹비작물 투입 토양에서 높은 염류집적을 보였다. 유기물 (Organic Matter, O.M)함량은 상층토양에서는 줄어들고 중하층 토양으로 갈수록 크게 상승되어 녹비작물투입토양의 경우 중층에서 31-36g kg-1로 관행토양의 17 kg-1 보다 2배 가까이 높았다.
○ 호맥 녹비작물 토양에서 우점종 Pseudomonas colony를 배양하여 미리 Potato dextrose agar(PDA)에 접종한 고추 역병균을 중심으로 양 옆에 세균 현탁액을 뭍이고 7일 후에 길항성 여부를 고추 역병균의 균사체 성장억제 정도로 확인한 결과 Pseudomonas 현탁액을 처리한 고추 역병균 은 성장이 50%이상 억제 되는 것이 관찰 되어 고추 역병균에 대한 길항성을 확인 하였다(그림 3B).
○ 일반적으로 Pseudomonas 종은 토양에서 PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacterium)로 작용하는 세균종이며 식물의 근권에서 병원균의 억제와 식물성장을 촉진하는 역할을 하는 것으로 알려저 있다. 따라서 호맥녹비작물 투입토양에서 우점종으로 검출된 Pseudomonas세균은 역병균에 대한 길항성을 보여 병 방제에 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 추정된다.
○ 호맥과 수단그라스 녹비작물을 투입하여 고추를 정식하고 3개월 후 고추에 발생하는 역병과 탄저병의 발병율을 관행재배와 비교 하였다. 관행재배에 비하여 호맥녹비작물 투입 포장은 탄저병 발생이 관행재배포장에 비하여 15%의 병 발생경감 효과가 있었으며 고추역병은 10%이상의 병 발생이 억제 되었다.

Abstract ▼

This study was conducted to analyze the mitigation effect of manure crops on the continuous cropping hazard of horticultual and herbal crops. To this effect, green manure crops were cultured in ginseng harvest site and its effect on the soil chemical properties and the growth of horticultual and her

This study was conducted to analyze the mitigation effect of manure crops on the continuous cropping hazard of horticultual and herbal crops. To this effect, green manure crops were cultured in ginseng harvest site and its effect on the soil chemical properties and the growth of horticultual and herbal crops were analyzed.
1. Effects of Green Manure Crops on Growth and Yield of Carrot for Reduction of Continuous Cropping Injury of Carrot through Crop Rotation: Soil incorporation of green manure crop (GMC) is one of the methods for reducing continuous cropping injury and increasing yield of carrot. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of green manure crops on growth and yield of carrot for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot through crop rotation. To reduce the injury by continuous cropping system (CCS) of carrot cultivation, GMCs such as crotalaria and sudangrass were applied, which GMC was sowed in latter-June and returned to soil in latter-October. Nutrient contribution of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO, and MgO in crotalaria were 8.3, 7.5, 4.4, 7.8, and 2.1 kg/10a, respectively. Nutrient contribution of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO, and MgO in sudangrass were 8.4, 8.6, 26.8, 0.3, and 2.7 kg/10a, respectively. After incorporation of GMCs into soil, bulk density in soil with GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs(control). In soil after incorporation of GMCs, pH was not different in all treatment conditions, and ranged from 6.37-6.64. EC in soil after incorporation of GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs. The OM, T-N, and avail. P₂O₅ contents in soil with GMCs were higher than those in soil without GMCs. The growth and yields were increased as 39.2% (6,226 kg/10a) in the rotational cropping system (RCS) compared to continuous cropping system (control and without NPK) of 4,473 kg/10a. Crotalaria cultivation were the most effective crop for reducing the injury of continuous cropping of carrot. This study suggest that the RCS using GMCs showed lower disease outbreak density in soil for carrot cultivation as compared to CCS without GMCs. Especially, the GMCs good effect for reduction of continuous cropping injury of carrot.
2. Effect of green manure crops incorporation on quality of carrot in carrot cultivation: The effects of sudangrass and crotalaria reduction on carrot growth, yield and marketable yield were investigated in control, NPK, crotalaria, sudangrass and mixed (crotalaria + sudangrass) treatments. Nutrient contributions of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO, and MgO in crotalaria treatment were 9.2, 9.8, 7.4, 12.9 and 2.5 kg 10a^-1, respectively. Nutrient contribution in sudangrass treatment was 8.7 kg 10a^-1 for N, 8.9 kg 10a^-1 for P₂O₅, 45.7 kg 10a^-1 for K₂O, 5.2 kg 10a^-1 for CaO, and 2.8 kg 10a^-1 for MgO, respectively. Nutrient contributions of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO, and MgO in mixed treatment were 8.8, 9.9, 29.5, 2.6 and 1.7 kg 10a^-1, respectively. After incorporation of GMC(green manure crop)s into soil, bulk density in crotalaria, sudangrass and mixed treatments was lower than that in control and NPK treatments, whereas, porosity in crotalaria, sudangrass and mixed treatments was increased as compared to control and NPK treatments. After incorporation of GMCs, pH and EC in crotalaria, sudangrass and mixed treatments were lower than those in control and NPK treatments. On the other hand, the OM, T-N, and avail. P₂O₅ contents in crotalaria, sudangrass and mixed treatments were higher than those in control and NPK treatments. Chlorophyll and β-caroteniod contents in crotalaria and mixed treatments were highest among the all treatments. A mix treatment (Crotalaria:Sudangrass = 3:1) was the most effective crop for reducing injury of carrot. Therefore, optimum condition for carrot cultivation was a mixed treatment with crotalaria and sudangrass on growth, yield and quality of carrot.
3. Development of eco-friendly carrot cultivation technology using green manure crop: The rotational cropping system (RCS) using green manure crop (GMC) was the most effective for reducing injury of carrot, because green manure crop such as Crotalaria and Sudan grass can nutrient supply and physico-chemical properties improvement in soil. Therefore, RCS using GMC in carrot cultivation was decreased disease outbreak density in soil and increased growth, yield and quality of carrot. Leaching loss of PO₄^3-, NH₄⁺ and Chlorothalinil were 0.43, 0.18, and 0.36 mg g^-1 in soil, and 0.38, 0.08 and 0.22 mg g^-1 in soil with GMC.
4. When the same crop are cultivated in same field for many years, the crops mostly have a severe problem. This problem will induce changes in the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of soil and increase in the population of pathogens. In particular, ginger is one of high value-added crops in Korea, thus the ginger plant has been widely cultivated. However, the ginger plant has root-rot disease problem in continuous cropping system and it causes a significant decrease of ginger productivity. In this study, we conducted to reduce the continuous cropping problem of ginger plant with the improvement of its cultivation system throughout the changes of soil physical and chemical properties by applications of selected green manure plants, charcoal, and expended rice hull in soils. The selected green manure plants were planted at the beginning of November every year, and then the green manure were applied in the end of April each year. Other soil amendments were treated selectedly in different plots. In this study, we found that ginger root-rot disease was closely related to topographical variables and moisture content of the cultivation field. The application of green manure relatively reduced incidence of ginger root-rot disease with improving soil chemical properties. The treatments of charcoal and extended rice hull in the soils decreased the ginger disease with enhencing of soil physical properties. Therefore, we established sustainable systems for ginger cultivation with the applications of different soil amendments.
6. This study was carried out to analyze soil sickness upon continuous potato cropping reduction using green manure crops supplementation. The main disturbance and soil chemical property were investigated in soil sickness continuous potato cropping area. In addition, the antioxidant and antibacterial ability of extract of green manure crops were investigated and accordingly examined occurrence rate of disease. The main disturbance patterns in potato and soil property analysis: The pest and disturbance patterns of soil sickness of continuous potato cropping area were investigated. Late blight, common scab, virus etc. had been observed as large problem in of continuous potato cropping area sick soil. Investigating the physical and chemical property of soil was found to be organic acid, phosphoric acid and ventilation etc. were significantly lower in the area of continuous 5 years potato cropping.
7. Comparison of planting time, seeding method and plant growth of green manure crops: Growth performance of 10 green manure crop varieties (sudangrass, hairy vetch, rye, italian ryegrass, chinese milkvetch, crimson clover, keurin solgo, showy rattlebox, sunn hemp, sorghum) in the sunchon national university field was observed as sudangrass > hariy vetch > italian ryegrass order.
8. Comparison of antioxidant ability of extracts of green manure crops: Antioxidant ability of each green manure crops using sequential extraction solvent were overall high in water, methanol, ehter solvent and low in ethylacetate and hexane solvent. In addition, antioxidant ability of green manure crops, such as sudangrass, hairy vetch, keurin solgo, sorghum, crimson clover, sunn hemp was relatively higher than the others. Growing of crops was easier by selecting the hairy vetch and sunn hemp, only hairy vetch, only sunn hemp and mixture of hairy vetch and sunn hemp. As a result, antioxidant ability of the 92% water solvent of the mixture of hairy vetch and sunn hemp was the highest.
9. Comparison of antibacterial activity of extracts of green manure crops: Methanol and water solvent of most green manure crops showed significant antibaterial activity in potato common scab and potato late blight. Especially water solvent of mixture of hairy vetch and sunn hemp showed the highest antibacterial activity in both potato common scab and potato late blight.
10. Physical and chemical changes of soil under green manure crop treatment: Soil pH and EC value of the green manure (hairy vetch + sunn hemp) treated soil were little bit reduced and organics and T-N values were increased compared to control. After growing of potatoes under treatment of the green manure crops the soil pH was a bit lower than the control soil. EC and T-N value were similar, and organics and exchangeable cations was higher in green mature treated soil than the control soil.
11. Investigation of potato disease occurrence reduction: Incidence of potato common scab in harvested potatoes was 20.3% and 51.9% in 2012, 49% and 62% in 2013, 20% and 39% in 2014 in the green manure crop treated and control, respectively. Although, incidence of disease were different in the subsequent years but it was lower every time in green manure crop treated soil than the control.
13. Analysis of the soil properties of the paddies of Geumsan ginseng plantation(2010) : The soil chemical properties of 40 sites the said plantation was analyzed. The results showed that 47.5% showed pH 5 ~ 6, suitable range for the growth of ginseng, 50% showed rather high soil pH and 2.5% showed rather low soil pH. 50% satisfied organic matter content whereas 22.5% didn’t. 45% satisfied phosphate content whereas 27.5% didn’t. 60% of the salt concentration(EC) of the said plantation was satisfied EC whereas 22.5% showed rather high EC, which was not suitable for the growth of ginseng.
14. The selection of the green manure crops for the ginseng plantation(2010-2011): G7 of the green manure crops sown in spring grew the fastest. The yield of Sordan 70 was the biggest, 4,143kg per 10a, whereas rye of the green manure crops sown in fall showed the highest yield, 2.57kg per ㎡.
15. Analysis of the variation of soil chemical properties after rice harvest and the detection of Cylindrocarpon destructans(2011).: 29 sites were analyzed for the detection of cylindrocarpon destructans. The results showed cylindrocarpon destructans was detected in 25 sites(86.2%) where ginseng was harvested 1 months before, and it was detected in 7 (47%) of 15 sites where ginseng was harvested 6 months before.
16. Analysis of the variation of the soil chemical properties and of the concentration of cylindrocarpon destructans according to the cultivation of the green manure in ginseng harvest sites (2012): If 4 types of green manure crops, such as rye, barley, barley, hairy vetch and barley, were cultivated in the soil of ginseng cultivation site, soil pH and organic matter content tended to increase compared to before the cultivation of green manure crops and EC content also tended to decrease. In addition, the cylindrocarpon destructans of the soil in which green manure crops grew was analyzed. The results showed cylindrocarpon destructans was detected in all treated groups except for rye group whereas it was not detected in Aug and Oct.
17. The effect of green manure crops on the growth of ginseng (2012): The cultivation soil for 4 types of green manure crop was put in 1/5000 Wagner pot and ginseng seedling was cultivated. The results showed rye group showed the best overground growth and moreover it did not show the red-colored phenomenon and the symptom of cylindrocarpon destructans for the underground growth.
19. An analysis the characteristics of ginseng growth by sun shading materials in the green manure crop cultivation sites (2013-2014): Green manure crops were cultivated in ginseng repeated cultivation sites and then ginseng seedlings were planted. 3 types of sun shading materials were used for ginseng cultivation. The results showed with regard to 2-year overground growth, the shading curtains(black 1+blue 3) and barely group showed the highest growth(8.92cm). In general the group treated with green manure crops showed better growth than non-treated groups regardless of the types of sun shading materials. In the case of 3-year old overground ginseng growth(Table 20,Photo 3), the groups treated with the sun-shading curtain(black 1+blue 3) showed the best growth. In the case of 2-year underground ginseng growth, the barley+ hairy vetch group treated with sun-shading curtain(black 1+blue 3) showed the best growth(5.43kg). As for the red-colored phenomenon and the clindrocarpon destructans incidence, all treated groups showed their vulnerability to them since the test cultivation site was paddy soil, and the groups treated with sun-shading sheet with less water leaks was more effective than the groups treated sun-shade curtains(black 1+blue 3, black 2+blue 2) in resisting to red-colored phenomenon and the clindrocarpon destructans. As for 3-year old underground root weight, barley+hairy vetch groups treated with sun-shading curtains(black 1+blue3) showed the best growth. As for the red-colored phenomenon and the clindrocarpon destructans incidence, the groups with the sun-shading sheet with less water leaks within the ridges between fields showed higher resistance than the groups treated with sun-shading curtains(black 1+blue 3, black 2+blue 2) with more water leaks, and the rye cultivation group showed the least red-colored phenomenon and clindrocarpon destructans incidence. With regard to the photosynthesis of 2-year old ginseng, the photosynthesis increased as the light intensity increased and the group treated with the cultivation of green manure crops showed higher photosynthesis that non-treated group. In particular the photosynthesis was sun-shading sheet>sun shading curtain(black 2+ blue 2)>sun shading curtain(black 1+blue 3), indicating there was a significant difference in photosynthesis depending on the sun shading materials.
20. Analysis of the active ingredients of ginseng according to green manure crops and sun-shading materials (2013-2014): With regard to the total ginsenoside content of 2-year old ginseng in the soil of the cultivation site of green manure crops, rye cultivation group showed the best result, 7.28mg /g. With regard to 3-year old ginseng, rye cultivation group treated with the sun shading curtain(black 1 + blue 3) showed the best results. With regard to the hardness of 3-year old ginseng, the rye cultivation group treated with sun-shading sheet showed the best results whereas the group treated with the sun shading curtains with much leakage(black 2 + blue 2) showed worst results. In addition, the chromaticity of 3-year old ginseng was measured. The results showed the group treated with sun-shading sheet showed higher L value that the group treated with sun-shading curtain.
21.Four different green manure crops, hairy vetch, Italian ryegrass, crimson clover, orchard grass were cultivated totest the differences in their effects on soil improvement. After plowing to incorporate the green manure crops, tomato plants were grown as a succeeding crop to investigate the effects of green manure on the soil physical properties and plant growths. The experimental results showed that green manure could decrease the soil hardness. Italian ryegrass and hairy vetch as the green manure were especially effective in decreasing the soil hardness. Orchard grass and Italian ryegrass provided more void in soil matrix, resulting increased soil moisture contents. After two months, bulk density was decreased in the plots of Italian ryegrass and orchard grass. However, there were no significant differences between green manure plots and control after the cultivation of the succeeding crop. The results indicated that the growing Italian ryegrass and hairy vetch as green manure helped growing tomato plants. Orchard grass also improved the soil characteristics, comparable to Italian ryegrass in spite of their relatively small biomass.
22. To reduce the injury by continuous cropping system of tomato cultivation, green manure crops (GMCs) such as hairy vetch and rye were applied, Nutrient contributions of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO, and MgO in hairy vetch were 26.2, 5.8, 10.2, 6.6, and 1.5 kg/10a, respectively. Nutrient contributions of N, P₂O₅, K₂O, CaO, and MgO in rye were 9.1, 4.2, 11.8, 3.8, and 3.1 kg/10a, respectively. After incorporation of GMCs into soil, bulk density in soil with GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs (control). In soil after incorporation of GMCs, pH was not different in all treatment conditions, and ranged from 6.37~6.52. EC in soil after incorporation of GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs. The OM, T-N, and avail. P₂O₅ contents in soil with GMCs were higher than those in soil without GMCs. The tomato growths were increased in the rotational cropping system (RCS) as compared to continuous cropping system (control and without NPK). Also the density of Pseudomonas corrugata in soil with GMCs was lower than that in soil without GMCs (control). This study suggest that the RCS using GMCs showed lower disease outbreak density in soil for tomato cultivation as compared to RCS without GMCs. Especially, the GMCs was good effect for reduction of continuous cropping injury of tomato.
23. Chemical, physical and biological properties on treated soils with manure crops plantation: The green manure crops (GM) were treated in the repeated pepper cultivation soil. Returning green manure crops to the soil reduce soil density compared to control treatment. While, the soil porosity was increased to 52.3% in rye treated soil from 46.3% of control treatment. The green manure crop treated soil increased to pH 7.1-7.2. Electric conductivity (EC) was increased in hairy vetch, sudangrass and rye treated soil to 0.01-0.02 dS m-1 on upper layer soil. Also, exchangeable cation and available P₂O₅ was increased in GM treated soil. GM treated soil reduced bulk density, but increased soil porosity. In addition, GM treated soil showed 1.7-1.8 g kg^-1 of Organic Matter (O.M) compared to 1.5 g kg^-1 of control soil.
24. Growth rate of pepper plants in green manure crops treated soils: Haiary vetch, sudan grass and rye treated soil increased to 10-20% in plant heights and stem thickness and lead width and leaf length. The yield of pepper was the highest in sudangrass treated soil, 2,100kg per 10a, whereas rye, hairy vetch treated soil and control soil showed 1,935kg, 1,850kg and 1,780kg per 10a. Pepper grown in GM treated soil retained lower K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn content than those of control soil, while inorganic content with N, P and B was increased in GM treated soil.
25. Biological alternation and disease suppression effect in green manure crops treated soils: Green manure crop, rye have been tested to assess usefulness of soil improvement and disease control on repeated cultivation pepper soil. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rye green manure crop on Phytophthora blight and anthracnose. Rye green manure was treated to a Phytophthora-infested soil in fall of the first year of the trial. Pepper seedlings were planted with production crops in the spring (April) of the following year of the trial. Rye-treated soils suppressed over 57% and 44% of Phytophthora blight and anthracnose disease on pepper. The high microbial population (6.3 x104CFU/g dry soil) of Peudomonase spp. was counted on rye-treated soil, while the low bacterial population (5.8x103CFU/g dry soil) was detected in control soil. The main Peudomonase species inhibited growth of Phythopthora capsici on PDA media. The bacteria were identified to P. brassicacearum subsp. neoaurantiaca by 16S rDNA sequence analysis.
26. This study was carried out to analyze soil sickness upon continuous grape cropping reduction using green manure crops supplementation. The main disturbance and soil chemical property were investigated in soil sickness continuous grape cropping area. The pest and disturbance patterns of soil sickness of continuous potato cropping area were investigated. Many pathogen had been observed as large problem in of continuous potato cropping area sick soil. Investigating the physical and chemical property of soil was found to be organic acid, phosphoric acid and ventilation etc. were significantly lower in the area of continuous 5 years grape cropping. Growth performance of 7 green manure crop varieties in the Youngnam university field was observed as sudangrass > hariy vetch > italian ryegrass order.

목차 Contents

• 완결과제 최종보고서 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 2
• 요약문 ... 4
• SUMMARY ... 11
• 목 차 ... 18
• 제 1 장 서 론 ... 19
• 제 2 장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 21
• 1. 국내 연구 현황 ... 21
• 2. 국외 연구 현황 ... 22
• 3. 국내외 연구현황 비교 및 필요 연구 분야 ... 23
• 4. 국내외 연구현황 비교 및 필요 연구 분야 ... 24
• 제 3 장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 ... 25
• 1. 연구개발 수행내용 ... 25
• 2. 연구개발 수행결과 ... 26
• 제1세부과제 : 녹비작물을 이용한 당근연작장해 경감기술 개발 ... 26
• 제2세부과제 : 생강연작장해 경감을 위한 녹비작물 작부체계 확립 ... 80
• 제3세부과제 : 녹비작물이용 감자의 연작장해 경감 연구 ... 121
• 제4세부과제 : 녹비작물이용 인삼 연작장해 경감연구 ... 159
• 제5세부과제 :토마토 시설 재배지에서 녹비작물 작부체계 및 연작장해 경감 연구 ... 177
• 제6세부과제 : 고추 연작장해 경감을 위한 녹비작물 이용기술개발 ... 197
• 제 7 세부과제 : 시설포도 유기 재배지 휴경기 녹비작물 작부체계 확립 ... 219
• 제 4 장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 ... 223
• 1. 세부과제별 정성적 연구목표대비 달성도 ... 223
• 2. 정량적 목표대비 달성도 ... 226
• 제 5 장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 226
• 제 6 장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 ... 227
• 제 7 장 기타 중요 변동사항 ... 227
• 제 8 장 국가과학기술종합정보시스템에 등록한 연구장비 현황 ... 227
• 제 9 장 참고문헌 ... 244
• 끝페이지 ... 251