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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 전북대학교 Chonbuk National University |
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보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2015-03 |
과제시작연도 | 2014 |
주관부처 | 농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 | TRKO201500010259 |
과제고유번호 | 1395035332 |
사업명 | 국책기술개발 |
DB 구축일자 | 2015-07-11 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500010259 |
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 1세부과제명 : 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 산림 처리에 의한 토양 및 수계 환경영향평가
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 산림처리시 토양의 물리성, 화학적 특성이 개선되었고, 가축분뇨 유래 환경위해물질의 산림토양내 집적은 우려할 수준이 아니었음.
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리토양을 대상으로 세균, 사상균 및 방선균의 밀도를 조사한 결과, 대조구에 비해 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리구에서 토양미생물의 밀도가 증가하였음(P<0.05). 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리토양을 대상으로 병원성미생물 4종의 분포실태를 조사한 결과, 대조구에서는
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 1세부과제명 : 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 산림 처리에 의한 토양 및 수계 환경영향평가
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 산림처리시 토양의 물리성, 화학적 특성이 개선되었고, 가축분뇨 유래 환경위해물질의 산림토양내 집적은 우려할 수준이 아니었음.
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리토양을 대상으로 세균, 사상균 및 방선균의 밀도를 조사한 결과, 대조구에 비해 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리구에서 토양미생물의 밀도가 증가하였음(P<0.05). 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리토양을 대상으로 병원성미생물 4종의 분포실태를 조사한 결과, 대조구에서는 병원성 미생물이 전혀 검출되지 않았지만, 퇴․액비 처리구에서 대장균이 낮은 개체수로 검출되었을 뿐 기타 Listeria, Entero bacteria, Staphylococcus 등은 검출되지 않았음.
▸ 연구기간동안 지하침출수에서 검출된 질산태질소의 농도는 WHO에서 규정하고 있는 지하수중 질산태질소의 농도 10mg/L에 훨씬 못미치는 수준으로 추후 장기간 퇴액비 연용에 따른 환경영향평가가 지속적으로 수행될 필요가 있는 것으로 판단됨
▸ 시험포장으로부터 강우-유출에 따른 총질소와 총인의 유출부하량은 바이오순환림(백합나무)과 산림단기소득작물(오미자) 시험구간에 유의성있는 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 연차별 그리고 액비와 퇴비 처리구간에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았음(P>0.05).
○ 2세부과제명: 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 활용 바이오에너지 순환림 모델 시험체계 구축 및 경제성 평가
▸ 백합나무 바이오순환림에 화학비료, 퇴비, 액비 등을 처리하지 않은 무처리구에 비해 저농도액비 150% 처리구에서 2배 이상의 백합나무 바이오매스 생산량의 증대효과가 나타났으며,CO2 흡수고정량은 고농도액비 150% 처리구에서 대조구보다 2배 이상의 이산화탄소 저감효과를 나타내어 가축분뇨 액비의 산림처리가 수목생장, 바이오매스 증대, 이산화탄소 저감에 효과가 우수한 것으로 나타남
▸ 대조구(화학비료 무처리구)의 이산화탄소 흡수량 3,619kg CO2/ha와 비교시 백합나무 바이오순환림지에 저농도액비를 표준시비량보다 1.5배 많은 양 시비시 8,067kg CO2/ha의 이산화탄소를 고정해 이산화탄소 고정량이 2.22배 증가하는 것으로 나타났음
○ 3세부과제명 : 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 활용 산림 단기소득자원 수종 및 경제성 평가
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리후 오미자와 복분자의 생재 수확량을 조사한 결과, 화학비료 처리구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았음. 생중수량만을 기준으로 할 때 저농도 가축분뇨 액비를 기준량 대비 150% 처리시 수확량이 가장 높게 나타난 것으로 평가되었음
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리후 오미자와 복분자의 병해충 발병율은 차이가 없었으며, 가축분뇨액비 유래 중금속 구리와 아연 그리고 병원성미생물의 생재로의 흡수이행량도 자연함유량수준으로 나타나 안전성이 확보되었음.
○ 4세부과제명: 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 산림처리에 의한 산림식생 환경변화 및 수목의 건전도 평가
▸ 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리별 해충의 발생은 거의 없었으며, 대조구와 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리별간의 해충 발생율도 차이가 나타나지 않았음. 또한, 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 처리별 수목내 전기저항값, 광합성량은 유의성있는 차이가 나타나지 않았음
○ 1협동과제명 : 가축분뇨 퇴․액비 최적 살포기술 개발 및 시험포장 조성관리
▸ 2012-2014년 총 3년 동안 약 60점의 액비(저농도, 고농도)를 대상으로 Salmonella spp., E.coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, C. sakazakii, B. cereus 등 5종의 병원성미생물에 대한분석결과, E. coli 만이 간헐적으로 적은 개체수가 검출되었음. tetracycline계열,beta-lactams계열, sulfonamides계열, macrolides계열, aminoglycosides계열 등 5종의 동물용의약품에 대한 분석결과, amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, sulfathiazole이 극미량으로 검출되었음. 하지만, 검출농도가 2ppb 수준의 극미량으로 큰 문제가 될 수준은 아니었음. 구리, 아연 및 니켈의 함량을 조사한 결과, 저농도 액비보다 고농도 액비의 구리, 아연 및 니켈의 함량이 약간 더 높게 나타났으나, 일반적인 액비중 구리와 아연의 함량과 유사한 수준으로 평가되었음.
1. Fertilizing forestland with livestock liquid manure has led to an increased incidence of nutrient-saturated soils, particularly on highly fertilized, well drained soils. It must be demonstrated that the forest ecosystem is capable of absorbing the nutrients contained in livestock liquid manure, e
1. Fertilizing forestland with livestock liquid manure has led to an increased incidence of nutrient-saturated soils, particularly on highly fertilized, well drained soils. It must be demonstrated that the forest ecosystem is capable of absorbing the nutrients contained in livestock liquid manure, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This study evaluated soil nutrient dynamics and water quality in forest with applied livestock liquid manure. Livestock liquid manure treatments led to accumulation of several nutrients in upper soil horizons relative to unfertilized control treatments. Levels of nitrate in soil water, monitored at a 50cm depth with porous cup tension lysimeters, lower 10 mg N L -1 during the experimental period. Phosphate was largely absent from lysimeter water in all treatments. These results show that, under the conditions of this study, these forest systems had a relatively high capacity for nutrient use and retention at this site,livestock liquid manure treatments has been estimated that do not cause a significant impact on the environment. However, the higher rate, did pose some risk to water quality through the mobilization of nitrate.
2. The study area was created in 1-1, Sang-ri, Baeksan-myeon, Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do (N 35° 51′ 06.24″, E 126° 56′ 00.38″) in 2012 in order to develop initial growth models of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Liriodendron tulipifera depending on fertilization methods. 2-2 years seedlings of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Liriodendron tulipifera were planted, and 11 cases including controls were planted, and the tests were performed 3 times for 5 trees by each case. Thus, total 165 trees (11 cases × 5 trees × 3 times) of 2-2 years seedlings were planted by each type for this study, and they were kept on this study area for one year after planing so that they could settle in the area. It was that the test was influenced by withering from low survival rate of the seedlings. As the result of analysis for total growth increment of DAG by fertilization method of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Liriodendron tulipifera, in the case of Chamaecyparis obtusa, it was confirmed that there was high growth increment in all cases except for CP-150 case (1.67cm) compared with the control which has growth increment of 1.75cm. As the result of ANOVA for total DAG growth, significant probability of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Liriodendron tulipifera were 0.3948 and 0.7642, respectively. It suggests that they were not significant at =0.05. As the result of analysis for total growth increment of height by their fertilization method, in the case of Chamaecyparis obtusa, it was presented that it has high growth increment in all fertilized cases compared with the control which has height of 97.4cm. CP-100 and CP-150 had the highest growth increment, 122.7cm and 123cm, respectively, however, there was not significantly different with LLF-100, LLF-200 and all HLF fertilized cases. As the result of ANOVA for total height growth, significant probability of Chamaecyparis obtusa was 0.0603. It suggests that it was not significant at α=0.05. Significant probability of Liriodendron tulipifera was 0.0052, and it suggests that it was significant at α=0.05. From the results of estimating the carbon content and the carbon dioxide absorption of Chamaecyparis obtusa based on the fertilization methods, the CF and LLF-150 plots were similar to the control plot so that these plots showed the lowest effect of fertilizer treatment. The plot having the highest carbon content and absorbing the highest carbon dioxide was HLF-100 with 2,000 kgC/ha and 2,456 kgCO2/ha, respectively. Whenestimating the carbon content of Liliodendron tulipifera by the fertilizer treatment plots,only the CP plot had the lower value as 855kgC/ha than the control plot(987kgC/ha ).The plots having the highest carbon content were the LLF-150 plot(2,200kgC/ha) and the HLF-150 plot(1,793kgC/ha). In the case of the carbon dioxide absorption, the LLF-150 plot was surmised to absorb the majority of carbon dioxide as 8,067kgCO2/ha, and the next one was the HLF-150 plot with 6,576kgCO2/ha . From the analyzed results of the carbon emission value for Chamaecyparis obtusa based on the fertilization methods, the CF plot and the LLF-150 plot showed the similar figures(17.41 euro/ha and 17.63euro/ha , respectively) to the control plot(16.40euro/ha ) for the aboveground part.The plots expected to have the highest value were HLF-100(39.99euro/ha ), LLF-100(37.39euro/ha ), and CP-100(36.70euro/ha ). For the whole part of tree, the HLF-100 plot was surmised to have the highest carbon emission value with 49.13 euro/ha. When presuming the carbon emission value of Liliodendron tulipifera by the fertilization plots, the LLF-150 plot had the biggest figures for both the aboveground part and the whole tree as 106.94euro/ha and 161.33euro/ha.
The CP plot had the lowest values as 41.98 euro/ha for the aboveground part and 62.72 euro/hafor the whole tree, which was the sole plot lower than the control plot(50.93euro/ha and 72.37euro/ha, respectively). When considering the carbon emission exchange value based on the kinds of the fertilizers with the exclusion of amount of the applied fertilizer, the plots tend to be higher were HLF > CP > LLF > CF > Control for Chamaecyparis obtusa and HLF > LLF > CF > Control > CP for Liliodendron tulipifera. As the result of analysis for total growth increments of DAG and height in order to select the optimal fertilization method, HLF-200 and LLF-200 were selected as the most suitable fertilization method for initial growth of Chamaecyparis obtusa and Liriodendron tulipifera, respectively. As the result of analysis for HLF-200, the optimal fertilization method for Chamaecyparis obtusa, LLF-200, the optimal method for Liriodendron tulipifera, and control in order to develop initial growth model, Schumacher anamorphic and Schumacher polymorphic were selected as the optimal initial growth model for control and HLF-200 of DAG of Chamaecyparis obtusa, respectively. In the case of height, Gompertz polymorphic was selected as the optimal initial growth model for both control and HLF-200. Schumacher polymorphic and Gompertz polymorphic were selected as the optimal initial growth model for control and LLF-200 of DAG of Liriodendron tulipifera, respectively. In the case of height, Gompertz polymorphic was selected as the optimal initial growth model for both control and LLF-200. Except for control of Chamaecyparis obtusa, all models were polymorphic, and it means that polymorphic has higher suitability for initial growth models of both than anamorphic.
3. Livestock liquid manure is routinely applied to farm land as a crop fertilizer. However,this practice raises food safety concerns, especially when livestock liquid manure is used on fruit and vegetable crops. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the persistence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Omija and Bokbunja fresh fruit after application of livestock liquid manure to fields and to verify the safety of heavy metals(Cu and Zn) of harvested Omija and Bokbunja fresh fruit. The experimental design was a randomized complete block comprising three replicates in sandy loam. Fresh fruit samples were also taken at harvest time. Livestock liquid manure, soil, and fresh fruit samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella and E. coli . An exponential decrease of E. coli populations was observed in surface soil after the application of liquid manure. The estimated average time required to reach undetectable concentrations of E.coli in sandy loam varied from 56 to 70 days. The maximal Salmonella persistence in soil was 54 days. E. coli and Salmonella were not detected in any fresh fruit samples. The concentrations of copper and zinc in the fresh fruits were lower than the recommended tolerable levels proposed by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius (1995).However, the continuous monitoring and pollution control of hazardous materials from farms, such as sewage sludge and manures, are required to prevent the excessive build-up of heavy metals in the food chain.
4. This study were investigate the occurrence rate of diseases and pests after treatment of livestock manure liquid fertilizer on Liriodendron tulipifera and Chamaecyparis obtusa.The results were showed that the disease was observed mainly leaf spot disease on L. tulipifera and the occurrence rate was over 50% from each of control and treatment of livestock manure liquid fertilizer, however there are no significant difference. The pests damage from L. tulipifera were appeared mainly by leaf beetles, however the damage was not severed. The diseases were observed mainly needle blight disease on C. obtusa and the difference of occurrence rate was under 3% between control and treatment of livestock manure liquid fertilizer, however the pest species were not found.
The results of the electrical resistance values of cambium on L. tulipifera ranged from 5.7kΩ(LLF-150, in Aug.) to the maximum 8.5kΩ(LLF-200, in Aug.) and the electrical resistance values on C. obtusa was ranged the minimum 7.3kΩ(HLF-100 in Aug.) to the maximum 10.2kΩ. The chlorophyll content in L. tulipifera showed the minimum 19.7cci in LLF-150, treated liquid fertilizer in comparison 27.6cci in control. The results are to be summarized that the treatment of livestock manure liquid fertilizer on L. tulipifera and C. obtusa. were not significantly affect to disease and growth vitality of trees.
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