보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
전라남도농업기술원 |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2015-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2014 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201500010272 |
과제고유번호 |
1395035033 |
사업명 |
친환경안전농축산물생산기술 |
DB 구축일자 |
2015-07-11
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500010272 |
초록
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 포도 유기재배 과원 열과발생 경감을 위한 관수 방법
○ 포도 비가림 유기재배시 추비용 적정 유기질비료 및 추비 시기
○ 포도 비가림 유기재배지에서 갈색무늬병 경감을 위한 고토 시비 효과
○ 포도 비가림 유기재배 주요 병해충 방제매뉴얼
○ 포도 유기재배시 주요 품종의 특성
○ 포도 간이비가림 유기재배 과원의 클로버 녹비재배 효과
○ 방충망 설치에 의한 비가림 포도원 말벌피해 차단
○ 포도 유기재배 농가사례 및 매뉴얼 발간
Abstract
▼
<제1세부과제> 유기재배 포도 품종선발 및 생리장해 방지 연구
【Experiment 1】Investigating the occurrence of physiological disorders according to varieties and cultivation types
The size of land where grapes are organically grown in South Korea is 134ha as of 2013. The main cultivation areas are Jeongeup in Jeongbuk, San
<제1세부과제> 유기재배 포도 품종선발 및 생리장해 방지 연구
【Experiment 1】Investigating the occurrence of physiological disorders according to varieties and cultivation types
The size of land where grapes are organically grown in South Korea is 134ha as of 2013. The main cultivation areas are Jeongeup in Jeongbuk, Sangju and Uiseong in Gyeongbuk, Okcheon in Chungbuk, Cheonan in Chungnam, and Damyang and Gokseong in Jeonnam, and so on. In organically growing grapes, it is very important to select a variety, and the difficulty of cultivation, maturity arrangement, quality, consumer preference, and the like should be considered. This experiment was conducted in order to grasp the status of cultivated varieties in the chief producing districts of organic grapes all over the country, and in order to investigate the quality of fruit and the occurrence of physiological disorders that became an issue in growing organic grapes.
It was shown that cultivated varieties tended to be different according to region. With regard to the status of 6 farms in Jeongeup in Jeonbuk among surveyed 15 farms, 2 farms cultivated Campbell Early as main variety, 1 farm cultivated Kyoho, and the others planted a black large berry variety of grapes such as Black Olympia, Daebong, and the like, and a green grape vine such as Jingzaojing. With regard to cultivation types, all farms grew grapes in unheated greenhouses, and with regard to trellis systems, large berry variety was grown in the overhead trellis system, and Campbell Early variety was grown in the Wakeman's training system. With regard to varieties of grapes grown by 4 farms in Sangju and Uiseong areas in Gyeongbuk, 1 farm grew Campbell Early as main variety, 1 farm grew Kyoho, and 2 farms grew over 20 varieties of grapes such as Kyoho, Black Olympia, and so on.
With regard to cultivation types, 2 farms used cultivation in heated greenhouses, and 1 farm used cultivation under rain shelter. With regard to trellis systems, Campbell Early variety was grown in the Wakeman's training system, and the other varieties were grown in the overhead trellis system. Among 3 farms in Okcheon area, Chungbuk, 2 farms grew Campbell Early, and 1 farm grew Mascat of Alexandria. In Cheonan area, Chungnam, Kyoho was grown in the type of cultivation under rain shelter. And Jeonnam province was composed of 1 farm that grew Campbell Early and farms that grew over 10 varieties of grapes such as Campbell Early, Black Olympia, and Jingzaojing. When the above results are considered, farms growing only 1 variety of grapes were at risk when a specific disease and insect pest became an issue. And farms growing 10 or more varieties of grapes had difficulty because cultivation method and harvest time were different. Accordingly, it was necessary to be composed of 3~5 varieties of grapes. With regard to physiological disorders that became an issue according to chief producing district of grapes, in large berry variety of grapes, a decrease in yield and marketability due to berry shattering had the biggest effect. Fruit cracking occurred in some large berry varieties of grapes, and most of farms decreased the occurrence of fruit cracking by the method of frequent irrigation with a small amount of water. Besides, uneven coloring due to disease and insect pest damage became an issue in some farms. A disease that all farms had difficulty in controlling was grape leaf spot, and it occurred in a fruit farm where Campbell Early was mainly grown and tree's vigor was low. With regard to the occurrence of insect pest, arboridia apicalis nawa largely occurred in the southern part of Korean peninsula, and pseudococcus maritimus largely occurred in the central part of Korean peninsula. Most of farmers had difficulty in controlling them.
【Experiment 2】Growth, Fruit Characteristics and Cracking of Organic ‘Campbell Early’ Grapes in Response to Irrigation Amount and Interval A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation (amount, interval) on fruit growth, composition, and cracking of organic ‘Campbell Early’ grapes in 2012 and 2013.
Three irrigation treatments were applied using sprinkler system from end-June to mid-August in 2012 and 2013: 10 mm applied daily (10 mm-IR), 20 mm applied every three days (20 mm-IR), and 30 mm applied every six days (30 mm-IR). Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature were observed to increase in the 10 mm-IR treatment in both years. Soil moisture content ranged between 20 - 40 % in the 10 mm-IR treatment plots, and between 20 - 70% in the 20 mm-IR and 30 mm-IR treatment plots. Total number of leaves per vine and shoot growth were found to increase in the 30mm-IR treatment. Cluster and berry weights, and cluster and berry sizes were not consistently affected by the treatments. The 10 mm-IR treatment resulted in an increase in fruit SSC, SSC/acidity ratio, and berry skin color of b*(blue).Fruit cracking of approximately 5% was observed on average over both years in the 10mm-IR-treated fruit, while the 30mm-IR treatment resulted in nearly 18% cracking in 2012. Average annual fruit yield from the 10mm-IR treatment was 25,031kg ha-1 followed by the 30mm-IR treatment(24,187kgha-1) and lastly the 20mm-IR treatment(23,119kgha-1). Daily and smaller irrigation applications(10mm-IR treatment) resulted in the highest economic return of all irrigation treatments, approximately $5,000ha-1 higher than that from the 30mm-IR treatment.
【Experiment 3】Selecting desirable varieties of organic grapes (’13~’14) Recently, the size of land where grapes have been organically grown has rapidly increased. However, cultivation technologies about this aren't established. Accordingly, farms that want to change from pesticide-free cultivation to organic cultivation face many hardships. In putting the organic cultivation into practice, soil management and disease and insect pest management are important, but what should be considered first is the selection of variety. In particular, there is a large difference in the level of fruit setting and the occurrence of disease and insect pest according to varieties in organically growing fruit trees. Accordingly, this experiment was conducted in order to help select varieties suitable for the given condition of facility and the level of cultivation technologies of farm that started organically growing grapes by investigating the level of disease and insect pest occurrence and the quality of fruit for the main varieties in chief producing district where grapes were organically grown all over the country.
This experiment was conducted on varieties of grapes grown by farms in chief producing districts where grapes were organically grown all over the country for 2 years from 2012. We gave public notice that 15 farms would be surveyed, such as Sangju and Uiseong, the chief producing district where grapes were organically grown in Gyeongbuk, Jeongeup in Jeonbuk, Okcheon in Chungbuk, Cheonan in Chungnam, and Damyang in Jeonnam. The farms were surveyed about the status of growing varieties of grapes, the quality of fruit, and the level of disease and insect pest occurrence.
The variety of grapes grown most largely in farms was Campbell Early. The single variety of grapes was grown by 9 farms among 15 farms, and the farm of which the number of varieties of grapes was the largest grew over 30 varieties of grapes. In case of Campbell Early, mainly grown variety of grapes, fruit was well set, and it was relatively easy to grow the variety of grapes. However, in case of cultivation under rain shelter or in unheated greenhouses, brown spot disease severly occurred. Accordingly, it was urgent to establish a control method using eco-friendly formulation. Kyoho variety was grown by 5 farms. The most severe hardship was berry shattering and fruit cracking on the late growth stage. What became the biggest issue among diseases occurring in organically growing grapes was brown spot disease. With regard to the level of occurrence according to varieties, it occurred in 60.5% of Campbell Early, 25.5% of Kyoho, and 2.5% of Mascat of Alexandria. And there was large difference according to varieties. Among pests, what became an issue was pseudococcus maritimus and arboridia apicalis nawa. Pseudococcus maritimus mainly occurred in Mascat of Alexandria, green grapes, and arboridia apicalis nawa largely occurred in Campbell Early. If it was not controlled at a proper time, it had an effect on fruit enlargement and coloring. With regard to what should be considered in selecting varieties according to the above results, it was thought that the level of disease and insect pest occurrence, the stability of berry set and coloring, consumer preference, and the like should be considered.
<제2세부과제> 유기재배 포도 과원 토양 및 양분관리 기술 개발
Organic grape was mostly cultivated in rainshield culture and plastic greenhouse differently than the other fruit. But little attention has been given to soil properties in condition of culture facilities and soil management in organic cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties and method of soil management by culture facilities in organic grapes farming. The rate of using organic fertilizer was higher than green manure in soil management, and total amount of organic fertilizer was input all at once in time of basal fertilizer or additional fertilizer in most organic grapes farming by contrast with conventional cultivation splitting fertilizer. The bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower in rainshield culture and plastic greenhouse cultivated green manure. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture that using natural weed after green manure culture was more effective than sod culture using only natural weed in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The content of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to be increased in soil cultivated green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties was significant between rainshield culture and plastic greenhouse. The proper management of fertilization was required in plastic greenhouse because that content of pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to determine the chemical properties, as well as soil physical properties, specially, in plastic greenhouse, and it is found that sod culture using natural weed after green manure culture enhance utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil as well as to increase organic matter as compared with general sod culture.
<제3세부과제> 유기재배 포도 병해충 종합관리기술 개발
This study was conducted to research for development of integrated pest and disease management technique for the organic cultivation of grape. We investigated the occurrence and the damage level of major disease and insect pests for 2 years from 2012 to 2013 in the major grapevine producing districts, including 10 cities and 20 farm. The predominant grapevine diseases were leaf spot(Pseudocercospora vitis), gray mold(Botrytis cinerea), powdery mildew(Uncinula necator), and ripe rot(Collectotrichum gloeosporioides). The pests were grape leafhopper(Empoasca vitis), comstock mealybug(Pseudococcus comstocki), yellow tea thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis).
Crop protection strategies in organic grapevine aim to prevent plant pest and disease problems through utilization of non-chemical based control means. In order to develop a model for management of plant diseases and insects in organic grapevine cultivation, we compared efficacies between non-chemical biopesticide spraying system and biological control means in organic grapevine cultivation during 2012 and 2013. We established and evaluated an effective and economic crop protection strategy using various biological resources can be used to control plant diseases and pests in organic grapevine cultivation field.
Development of leaf spot by P. vitis in canopy shield house appeared early in the rainy season on the primary leaves of grapevine in Jeonnam province. The seasonal incidences of leaf spot were the highest in the veraison of the August as the growth stage. Leaf spot of grapevine by P. vitis can be affected by altered fertilization nutrition of the host plant.
Magnesium(Mg), as an essential nutrition for plant growth, can have both indirect as well as direct effects on disease. A deficiency or excess of Mg can influence a wide range of physiologic functions because of these interrelated processes. The N fertilization on cultivar ‘Campbell Early’ showed the high incidence of leaf spot on overall surface layer application in the April. These results indicated that the management of fertilization to reduce disease could be an effective and economic crop protection system in organic grape field.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.