초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
□ 적색의 LED는 심비디움의 생육을 촉진시켰고, 백색의 LED는 팔레놉시스의 화경 발생을 촉진시켰다. 일장시험에서는 16, 24h 처리가 팔레놉시스의 화경발생을, 또한 16h 처리는 심비디움의 엽수나 구직경을 증대시켰다.
□ 스탠다드 국화에 있어서 형광등과 LED 660nm 처리가 생육이나 개화에 효과적이었으며, 화아 억제는 80 Lux 이상의 적색 LED가 효과적이었다.
□ 장미 동계재배 시 고압나트륨 등으로 보광을 하였을 때 온도는 2∼4℃ 상승하였고 습도는 15-20%를 낮추었으며, 보광시간

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
□ 적색의 LED는 심비디움의 생육을 촉진시켰고, 백색의 LED는 팔레놉시스의 화경 발생을 촉진시켰다. 일장시험에서는 16, 24h 처리가 팔레놉시스의 화경발생을, 또한 16h 처리는 심비디움의 엽수나 구직경을 증대시켰다.
□ 스탠다드 국화에 있어서 형광등과 LED 660nm 처리가 생육이나 개화에 효과적이었으며, 화아 억제는 80 Lux 이상의 적색 LED가 효과적이었다.
□ 장미 동계재배 시 고압나트륨 등으로 보광을 하였을 때 온도는 2∼4℃ 상승하였고 습도는 15-20%를 낮추었으며, 보광시간이 길수록 더욱 품질이 향상되었다. 보광시에 양액을 공급해주었을 때 절화장미의 품질도 향상시켰다.
□ 선인장에 미치는 광의 효과는 광파장에서는 가시광선과 UV-A의 효과는 미미하였지만, UV-B는 구색의 변색효과가 있었고, 차광도 시험에서는 차광도가 낮을수록 생육(구경, 자구수)에서 효과가 있었다.

Abstract ▼

Recently, the occurrence of extreme weather is becoming frequent, and lack of sunshine is increasing the instability of plant growth. For the stable cultivation of plants, they need to analyze the impact of light on plant growth and to optimize the growing environment for plants need. This project i

Recently, the occurrence of extreme weather is becoming frequent, and lack of sunshine is increasing the instability of plant growth. For the stable cultivation of plants, they need to analyze the impact of light on plant growth and to optimize the growing environment for plants need. This project is conducted to achieve such objects and comprised of four subjects.
In first project, we investigated the effects of night interruption (NI) with different light qualities on growth and flowering in Cymbidium spp. and Phalaenopsis spp.. Firstly we carried out to determine the optimum light source for NI for the growth of Cymbidium.
The plants were irradiated with metal halide lamp, high pressure sodium lamp, red LED (lighting emitting diode), blue LED, and white LED at 2∼5μmol·m-1·s-1 for 4h(22:00 to 02:00). Red LED lighting promoted the growth of young plant in Cymbidium as evidenced by increased plant height, leaf number, and bulb diameter compared to other light sources.
Second, NI with red, blue, and white LED irradiation on flowering in Phalaenopsis was investigated. White LED lighting accelerated flower stalk emergence and flowering compared to blue LED lighting in both cultivars. Red LED lighting also hastened flowering by 17 days compared to blue LED lighting. Flower stalk length increased under both red and white LED condition rather than blue LED condition. The number of florets and flower stalks were greater in the plants grown under white LED rather than those under blue LED. Therefore, NI with white and red LED lighting can be used effectively to promote flower induction with increased flower stalk length in Phalaenopsis. To obtain short flower stalk, however, NI with blue LED lighting can be considered.
In this study, the effects of photoperiod on growth and flowering of Cymbidium spp. and Phalaenopsis spp were studied. First, in Phalaenopsis, 16h and 24h day length promoted flowering compared to 8h day length. However, the plants exposed to 24h day length had short flower stalk rather than those exposed to 8h and 16h day length and they had physiological disorder such as floret reduction and blasting. In addition, when we studied the photoperiod effects on growth and flowering in Cymbidium, The number of leaves and bulb diameter were increased in the plants grown under 16h day length rather than 9h and NI. The percentage of inflorescence emergence was increased by 95% and flowering was faster in the plants exposed to 16h day length. Therefore, longer day length promoted growth rate and thereby accelerated flowering in Cymbidium.
In second project, it was performed to investigate the effect of light source and light quality in night break treatment on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum. It was processed 4 hours (22:00-02:00) night break using LED 590, 610, 630, 660, 680 nm and fluorescent lamp (mixed light of 480+540+610 nm) in 'Baekma', 'Jinba', ‘Pink Pride’ and ‘Yes Song’ for 40 days from transplanting. The days to flower budding from short-day treatment of ‘Baekma’ were the longest at fluorescent treatment (21.3 days) and were the shortest at LED 590 nm treatment (15.8 days) among all treatments. The days to flower budding from short-day treatment of ‘Jinba’ was longer with 18.0 days, 17.8 days, and 17.7 days at the fluorescent, LED 610 nm, and 660 nm treatments. And it was the shortest with 15.1 days in LED 590 nm treatment. Similarly, the days to flowering from short-day treatment of 'Baekma' was the longest with 56.9 days at fluorescent treatment, and was the shortest in 51.6 days about LED 590 nm treatment. The days to flowering from short-day treatment of ‘Jinba’ was longer at fluorescent (56.0 days) and LED 660 nm (56.7 days) treatments and was shortest at LED 590 nm (52.9 days) among all treatments.
Therefore, inhibition of flower bud initiation and flowering were the most effective under fluorescent treatment in case of ‘Baekma’, and fluorescent and LED 660 nm treatments in case of ‘Jinba’. The length and weight of cut flower of ‘Baekma’ and ‘Jinba’ were most excellent in fluorescent treatment in which the floral differentiation suppression effect was the best. Consequently, as to the growth and flowering of standard chrysanthemum, the treatment which was suitable as the light source and light quality for night break is regarded as the fluorescent lamp, and also under LED 660nm up to a certain level. The days to flower budding and flowering from short-day treatment in ‘Pink Pride’ were longer at fluorescent (14.9 days, 67.7 days) and LED 660 nm (14.7days, 66.7 days) treatments than other treatments. Similarly, the days to flower budding from short-day treatment in ‘Yes Song’ was the longest at fluorescent (15.0 days) and LED 660 nm (15.1 days) treatments.
But, as to the days to flowering from short-day treatment in ‘Yes Song’, the fluorescent (53.0 days) treatment was the longest, and LED 660 nm (51.5 days) treatment was secondly to longer than other treatments. The plant height increment to flower budding stage from short-day treatment in ‘Pink Pride’ and ‘Yes Song’ were the longest at fluorescent treatment, and the second longest at LED 660 nm treatment. The result on length of cut flower in spray chrysanthemum two cultivars was similarly shown to above results. In the other characteristic except length of cut flower, the clear difference between treatments could not be found. Consequently, fluorescent and LED 660 nm treatment were considered to be the most effective on inhibition of flower bud initiation and flowering, and plant height growth in 'Pink Pride' and 'Yes Song'.
In third project, it was carried out to investigate the effect of artificial supplemental lighting on the growth and flowering of rose in winter. And a study would being conducted to develop the supplemental lighting technology. Artificial light sources used for the cut flowers of roses supplemental lighting were a high pressure sodium lamp and halogen lamp, and the recent introduction of such induction lamp. Halogen lamp had a wavelength of visible light is relatively evenly around the area. Induction lamps had a wavelength of 600∼650 nm. When cut rose ‘Antique Curl’ was grown with induction lamp, this had a high content of chlorophyll, higher photosynthesis, and faster the growth. High-pressure sodium lamps have a light wavelength was mostly in the 550∼600 nm and cut rose was supplemental lighting of high pressure sodium to increase the quantity and quality. After sunset at 6:00, and by 400W high pressure sodium Room 35 μmol·m-2·s-1 of light were investigated. Treatment were supplemental lighting of 0, 4, 8, and 12 hours after sunset at 18:00. In the supplemental lighting of high-pressure sodium lamps, the temperature was rising to 2∼4℃ and the humidity was down from 5 % to 20 % in the greenhouse. These resulted in suppressing the occurrence of downy mildew. More than 8 hours treatment inhibited 100 % of downy mildew in rose variety ‘Charming black’. 12 hours supplemental lighting in 'Pink Girl', downy mildew did not occur. After sunset, the longer the supplemental lighting time decreased the incidence of blindness. 8 hours of supplemental lighting led to more production and longer stem.
In fourth project, it was conducted to study the interaction between the light and grafted cactus. This project is conducted to analyze how the growth of grafted cactus changes according to the light wavelength is and how it affects the color of grafted cactus, and to investigate how the farmers manage the greenhouse to control the light. First, in a test as wavelength of light, LED (White, Red, Green, Blue) and UV-A light had no effect on the color of cactus. However, UV-B treatment for 5 days affected the color of cactus. Second, in a test as intensity of light, the growth of cactus, such as the diameter of globe and the number of offset, was poor, as the blind rate to light increases. On the other hand, the light intensity of the greenhouse in our country was very low, expecially for rainy season from July to August in Korea.