보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립식량과학원 National Institute of Crop Science |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2015-03 |
과제시작연도 |
2014 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201500010445 |
과제고유번호 |
1395035145 |
사업명 |
작물시험연구 |
DB 구축일자 |
2015-07-11
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500010445 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 1세부과제명 : 벼 재배 조건에 따른 질소 이용 효율 변화 연구
가. 벼 재배 조건에 따른 질소 이용 효율 변화 연구
(1) 다비구의 경우에는 다른 품종들에 비해 보람찬 벼의 잎과 줄기의 질소함량이 비교적 낮은 반면 이삭의 질소 함량은 가장 높은 값을 보였는데 이는 보람찬 벼가 다비 조건에서 질소 전이율이 높기 때문으로 생각된다.
(3) 각 부위별 시비질소의 흡수량은 부위에 관계없이 기비와 분얼비에서 적었고, 특히 보람찬은 수비 질소의 흡수량뿐만 아니라 흡수된 질소의 이삭 분배율 또한 64
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 1세부과제명 : 벼 재배 조건에 따른 질소 이용 효율 변화 연구
가. 벼 재배 조건에 따른 질소 이용 효율 변화 연구
(1) 다비구의 경우에는 다른 품종들에 비해 보람찬 벼의 잎과 줄기의 질소함량이 비교적 낮은 반면 이삭의 질소 함량은 가장 높은 값을 보였는데 이는 보람찬 벼가 다비 조건에서 질소 전이율이 높기 때문으로 생각된다.
(3) 각 부위별 시비질소의 흡수량은 부위에 관계없이 기비와 분얼비에서 적었고, 특히 보람찬은 수비 질소의 흡수량뿐만 아니라 흡수된 질소의 이삭 분배율 또한 64%로 다른 품종들에 비해 높았다.
(4) 다비조건에서 조기재배시 보람찬, 호품, 호농 벼의 질소이용효율(NUE)이 각각 35.4, 33.9, 31.9인 반면 만기재배시는 36.2, 34.4, 33.2으로 세품종 모두 만기재배시 질소이용효율도가 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 질소시비량에 따른 식물체의 질소 흡수 효율을 뜻하는 NUpE 수치는 전체적으로 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 반면 질소전이율을 뜻하는 질소 수확지수(NHI)는 보람찬과 호품이 호농에 비해서 이앙시기에 관계없이 다소 높았는데 이는 다비조건에서 다수성 품종인 보람찬과 호품의 종실로의 질소 전이율이 다른 품종들에 비해 더 우수하다는 것을 반증한다. 식물체가 흡수한 질소량에 대한 실제 수량 기여 정도를 의미하는 생리적 질소이용효율(PNUE), 농업적 질소이용효율(ANUE) 수치는 세 품종간의 변화 양상이 흡사하였다.
나. 태풍 “볼라벤”에 의한 벼 생육시기별 변색립 발생정도와 수량 변이
(1) 지역별로는 해남>영광>김제>익산의 순으로 피해가 컸으며, 피해정도는 출수후 5일>출수기>출수후 10일>출수후 15일 순으로 컸다.
(2) 출수기에 피해를 받은 벼는 일부 늦게 출수하여 출수후 5일에 비해 피해가 다소 적었으며 출수후 15일된 벼는 변색수율 발생이 적었다.
○ 2세부과제명 : 고품질 벼 품종의 광 이용 및 건물생산 특성 연구
(1) 재식밀도와 상관없이 전체 건물중 대비 이삭무게 비율은 온누리와 호품이 51.7∼56.9%로 호농 42.3%보다 높았으며, 온누리와 호품의 경우 출수 이후 잎과 줄기의 건물중은 감소한 반면 호농의 경우 잎과 줄기의 무게 또한 증가한 것으로 나타났다.
(2) 등숙기 차광처리에 의해 Fv/Fm 및 SPAD값은 차광률이 높을수록 그 감소율이 적었으며, 질소 시비량을 증가에 따른 유의적인 변화는 없었다. 등숙기 차광처리에 의해 천립중과 수량은 차광에 따라 감소하였고, 차광률에 따라 더 높은 감소율을 보였다. 천립중은 세 품종 중 보람찬이 가장 많이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 차광 70% 처리시 질소 시비량의 증수에 따라서 감소율이 더 급격히 나타나 등숙기 일조부족에 질소질 비료의 추가시용은 비효율적임을 알 수 있었다.
○ 3세부과제명 : 고온조건에서 동화물질 전류특성 및 등숙률 향상 연구
(1) 6월 1일 이앙시 노지에서 벼의 수량은 관행시비구에서 수량이 높았으나 온실에서 벼의 수량은 수비를 증시한 시비구에서 수량이 증가하는 편이었다.
(2) 6월 20일 이앙시 노지에서 벼의 수량은 관행시비구에 비해 수비를 10% 증시한 시비구에서 수당립수, 등숙비율, 천립중이 증가하여 수량도 높은 편이었나, 온실에서 벼의 수량은 노지에서 재배한 것에 비해 수량이 감소하였으나, 수비를 증시한 시험구에서 다소 수량이 증가한 편이었다.
(3) 6월 1일 이앙시 노지에서 완전미비율은 관행시비구가 수비를 증시한 시험구에 비해 다소 높은 편이었고, 온실에서 완전미비율은 수비를 증시하였을 때 높았다.
(4) 6월 20일 이앙시 노지에서 완전미비율은 관행시비구와 수비를 증시한 시험구에서 거의 비슷한 수준이었으나, 온실에서 완전미비율은 수비를 증시하였을 때 높았다.
(5) 질소동위원소를 기비, 분얼비, 수비로 시용하여 분석한 결과 식물체가 흡수한 질소성분중 이삭으로 전류되는 비율과 식물체에 남아있는 비율은 비슷한 경향을 보였다.
Abstract
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○ Section 1 : Study on nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by rice cultivation condition
Experiment 1. Study on nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by rice cultivation condition
Productive agriculture needs a large amount of expensive nitrogenous fertilizers. Improving nitrogen use effici
○ Section 1 : Study on nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by rice cultivation condition
Experiment 1. Study on nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by rice cultivation condition
Productive agriculture needs a large amount of expensive nitrogenous fertilizers. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crop plants is thus of key importance. This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, physiological utilization efficiency in high quality japonica rice under variable nitrogen levels. Field experiment was conducted at the research farm in National Institute of Crops Science (NICS), Iksan, Korea during 2012∼2014. Four nitrogen levels (0 kg ha-1, 45kg ha-1, 90kg ha-1 and 135kg ha-1) and three Japonica rice varieties (Boramchan, Hopum and Honong) formed the treatment variables. Nitrogen use efficiency of rice cultivars ‘Boramchan’ was 47.7, nitrogen uptake efficiency was 1.3, and physiological N use efficiency was 31.3 in high nitrogen level. And when 135kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer were applied compared to the standard rate of 90kg ha-1, yield and plant dry weight of Boramchan were increased than the others dramatically mainly due to higher number of panicles per ㎡. Especially Production efficiency(yield/total nitrogen taken up), physiological N use efficiency, agronomic N use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index are higher in ‘Boramchan’ than in the others. In addition, N derived from fertilizer(NDFF) and partitioned N to panicle from fertilizer(PNPF) of ‘Boramchan’ was higher than the others in high nitrogen level.
Experiment 2. Effects of dry wind of typhoon “Bolaven” at different growth stage on panicle discoloration and yield in rice
Typhoon “Bolaven” passed through Honam province area on August 28-29, 2012. Dry strong wind from typhoon damaged to rice at the heading date in this area. The panicles attacked by dry wind were injured in various ways, some of them were wholly or partially discolored and others were variously wounded. To investigate the effect of the dry-wind damage on rice growth, we examined the panicle discoloration and yield of rice plants on different heading dates in Honam province area. The panicles attacked by dry wind at 5 days after heading were injured more severely than the panicles at the other stages, and about 85.8% of panicles on them were wholly or partially discolored. On the other hand, recovery rate of panicle discoloration was lower when the panicles were attacked at 5 days after heading than at the other stages. Also, The close correlations were found between the yield components and discoloration of panicles. Rice typhoon-damaged at 5 days after heading is the lowest in ripening ratio, perfect grain rate and yield. Compared with none-damaged rice plants in panicles, damaged rice plants at 5 days after heading demonstrated yield reduction by 37% in milled rice. And they showed a tendency of high protein content in the milled rice.
○ Section 2 : Study on light use efficiency and dry matter production of high quality rice varieties
Experiment 1& 2. Study on nitrogen use efficiency as influenced by rice cultivation condition To understand the light use efficiency and photosynthetic characteristics, field experiments were conducted in Iksan, Korea in 2013 and 2014 to determine the factors, such as photosynthetic activities and yield related characteristics, related to high-quality of japonica rice variety. Boramchan, Hopum, and Honong(control) were transplanted in field under 9, 18 kg/10a nitrogen levels at 80 hills/3.3㎡ planting density. For the study, we treated of three levels of shade (0, 50 and 70%) on rice at ripening stage. The shade was given for the respective plots from heading up to harvesting. We were performed to determine growth survey, SPAD and chlorophyll fluorescence every 10 days interval after shading on ripening stage. At harvest stage, grain yield and yield components were determined. Results of analysis of the results representing the maximum photosynthetic efficiency of PSII, Fv/Fm, and SPAD were decreased by depending on the time at full sunlight. But shade treatments were not changed and a significant difference among cultivars did not appear. Compared with the full sunlight, shade treatments significantly delayed ripening rate and decreased rice quality of cultivated rice. Therefore, rice yield, can be reduced in proportion to the shading density is apparent, the rate of decrease was not observed difference between varieties, when protected from light 70%, and decreased to less than 50%. The adverse effects of low light intensity on the yield and yield components were not able to significantly minimize by the nitrogen level.
Experiment 3. Changes in rice growth under shade of structure (Additional experiment)
This experiment was conducted to verify the effect of bridge shade on rice growth and yield by comparing beneath areas with outside of bridge-affected area (control). We selected a site where the railway bridge was newly constructed above paddy field in Ikasn, Korea. A mid-rate maturing japonica rice variety, Shindongjin, was transplanted in the both side of the bridge on June 7, 2014. As the orientation of the bridge was 30° N-NE, shade was moved from west (Shade A) to east side of the bridge. Light attenuation was calculated by shading duration on the sites and the amount of radiation of each hour during June to September. Light attenuation at Shade A (shading before noon) and Shade B (shading after noon) were 15 and 20%, respectively. Culm length, panicle length, and number of panicle were not significantly different between shaded plots and control.
However, spikelet numbers, ripening ratio, and 1000-grain weight of brown rice were significantly decreased compared to control. Milled rice yield of shaded plots were 3% to 6% lower than that of control. Head rice ratio was decreased by 3.0% to 4.3% in shaded plots, while protein and amylose content in milled rice grain was increased by shading.
○ Section 3 : Study of characteristics of assimilated materials movement and improvement of grain filling rate of rice in high temperature condition
This study was carried out to analyze the efficiency of nitrogen split application in high temperature condition and to figure out suitable nitrogen amount and application method to increase grain filling rate in high temperature condition. During 2012~2014, four middle-late maturing rice cultivars (Boramchan, Sukwang, Sodami, Chinnong) were transplanted at two different dates(June 1, 20) in Iksan region. Nitrogen amount were 9kg/10a in transplanting on June 1 and 8kg/10a in transplanting on June 20. Nitrogen split application were 50:20:30% and 40:20:40% as fertilizing at basal, tillering stage and panicle initiation stage in transplanting on June 1 and 70:30% and 60:40% as fertilizing at basal and panicle initiation stage in transplanting on June 20.
To check the movement of assimilated materials in rice and contribution of each nitrogen fertilizer which applicated at different times, we used the nitrogen isotope(15N) in high temperature and control condition. To maintain high temperature condition after heading, we established greenhouse with vinyl from heading to harvesting time.
At maximum tillering stage, plant height and SPAD value were more high and tiller number was much in 50:20:30 nitrogen treatment than 40:20:40 in two transplanting times.
At heading stage in transplanting on June 1, plant height were similar, but tiller number per hill, dry weight and LAI were more high in 50:20:30 nitrogen treatment. At heading stage in transplanting on June 20, the difference of rice growth were smaller between nitrogen split application method than transplanting on June 1.
At ripening stage in transplanting on June 1, plant height and SPAD value were more high and dry weight of plant were more heavier in 40:20:40% nitrogen treatment, but panicle number per hill was more high in 50:20:30 nitrogen treatment. In transplanting on June 20, culm length and panicle length was longer and panicle number and SPAD value were more high in 60:40 nitrogen treatment.
In transplanting on June 1, rice yield was more high in conventional nitrogen application method in control condition, but in vinyl house, rice yield show a tendency to increase in 40:20:40% nitrogen treatment. In transplanting on June 20, rice yield was more high in 60:40 nitrogen treatment. Generally, rice yield decreased in high temperature of vinyl house condition, but it showed the tendency of increase in 40:20:40% and 60:40% nitrogen application treatment in each transplanting times.
In transplanting on June 1, head rice ratio was more high in 50:20:30 nitrogen application treatment, but in high temperature of vinyl house condition, it was more high in 40:20:40% nitrogen treatment. In transplanting on June 20, head rice ratio were similar between two nitrogen application method, but in high temperature of vinyl house condition, it was more high in 60:40% nitrogen application treatment.
As a result of isotope analysis of plant at harvesting time, the ratio of moved and accumulated nitrogen of leaf, culm and ear was similar. But Boramchan showed more high value in 40:20:40% nitrogen treatment than control.
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