보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립농업과학원 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2014-12 |
과제시작연도 |
2014 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201500010590 |
과제고유번호 |
1395035165 |
사업명 |
친환경안전농축산물생산기술 |
DB 구축일자 |
2015-07-11
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201500010590 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
1. 클로렐라 배양을 위한 배양조건 규명 및 품질향상 효과
- 인공광원의 세기: 2500Lux 이상, 클로렐라 7일 배양 106 cell/ml 이상 농도 유지
- CO2를 탄소원으로 이용할 경우 10% 농도로 공급
- pH조건 : pH를 5~7 사이로 유지
2. 클로렐라 배양처리에 의한 콩나물 생육 및 품질향상 효과
- 생육 : 길이 46.5%, 두께 37.5%, 무게 84.7% 증가
- 항산화능 증진효과 : Vt. C 100mg의 각각
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
1. 클로렐라 배양을 위한 배양조건 규명 및 품질향상 효과
- 인공광원의 세기: 2500Lux 이상, 클로렐라 7일 배양 106 cell/ml 이상 농도 유지
- CO2를 탄소원으로 이용할 경우 10% 농도로 공급
- pH조건 : pH를 5~7 사이로 유지
2. 클로렐라 배양처리에 의한 콩나물 생육 및 품질향상 효과
- 생육 : 길이 46.5%, 두께 37.5%, 무게 84.7% 증가
- 항산화능 증진효과 : Vt. C 100mg의 각각 약 50%, 26%
- 콩나물 부패율 : 90% 이상 경감
3. 클로렐라 처리에 의한 종자 발아율 향상 및 유묘 생육촉진 효과
- 곡류 : 보리, 밀, 메밀(60% 이상 향상)
- 과채류 : 상추, 배추, 고추, 참외, 멜론, 오이(11% 향상)
4. 클로렐라 처리에 의한 유기농 작물 생육촉진효과
- 생육촉진 : 무 58.9%, 적상추 32.5%, 로메인상추 35.2% 비트 92.0% 향상
5. 클로렐라 처리에 의한 유기농 작물 병 발생 억제효과
- 적상추 : 균핵병 75.6%, 노균병 79.5% 방제
- 상추(로메인) : 균핵병 69.8%, 노균병 97.5% 방제
- 딸기 : 잿빛곰팡이병 89.0%, 흰가루병 93.6% 방제
6. 클로렐라 처리에 의한 딸기의 품질향상 효과
- 무처리에 비해 클로렐라를 처리한 딸기의 식미치가 높음
- 수량증가 : 57.1% 향상
7. 클로렐라 처리에 의한 유기농 농산물 저장성 및 신선도 향상효과
- 유기농 딸기 : 저온 저장 30일까지 부패율 0%
- 유기농 엽채류(5종) : 관행 또는 무처리에 비해 저장성 70.1% 향상
8. 클로렐라 처리에 의한 유기농 농산물 안정성 증진효과
- 카드뮴(Cd)과 납(Pb)저감효과
- 살충제(Imidacloprid, 코니도) 잔류량 43.6% 경감
- 살균제(Azoxystrobin, 오티바) 잔류량 24.3% 경감
- 처리 72시간 이후 잔류농도 경감효과 감소
9. 유기농 농가 및 시․군기술센터 보급을 위한 클로렐라 균주 확보
· 16균주 동정 및 배양 특성 논문투고
- 담수 클로렐라 배양을 위한 배양배지 및 배양기 산업재산권 출원
- 담수 클로렐라 농업적 연구 및 유기농 선도농가 자가 배양을 위한 배양기술 확보
· 배양규모 : 개인 농가, 작목반, 대규모 영농단위 활용 가능 기술 확보
Abstract
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The green algae of the genus Chlorella belongs to the family of Chlorellaceae and widespread in fresh water and in the sea, air and soil. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify freshwater green algae, Chlorella sp. as resources for organic farming. Six kinds of freshwater samples, irrigat
The green algae of the genus Chlorella belongs to the family of Chlorellaceae and widespread in fresh water and in the sea, air and soil. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify freshwater green algae, Chlorella sp. as resources for organic farming. Six kinds of freshwater samples, irrigation water, water in paddy field, natural ponds, river water, agriculture reservoir water and groundwater in Korea were collected from 9 local regions and wild clones of Chlorella species isolated. Green algae strains were isolated the most in the natural pond. However green algae were not isolated in groundwater collected from three local regions. Total 115 green algal clones were isolated through agar plate streaking method using BG11 modified medium (BG11MM). Sixty nine isolates of freshwater green algae were purified by single colony isolation and by detection of cells showing bio-luminescence activity under epi-fluorescence microscopy. Of 69 isolates, nine strains were identified as Chlorella vulgaris and one strain was identified as C. fusca based on the morphological characteristics by microscopic observation. The optimal temperature for growth of C. vulgaris and C. fusca was 30℃ under aeration condition. The identification of Chlorella species was difficult because their morphological and physiological characteristics were easily changed according to environmental conditions. Afterward further study will be needed to determine optimal growth condition for mass production of Chlorella sp, we think. We also estimated that the effect of Chlorella fusca as a biofertilizer on the growth of soybean sprout. Five cultivars of domestic breed soybean sprout, Pungsan, Shinhwa, Pungwon, Nokchae, and Wonheuk are treated with two concentrations of C. fusca solution, 0.1% and 0.2% for seven days. In the two treatments, the yield of soybean sprout treated with 0.1% of C. fusca was higher than the yield of soybean sprout treated with 0.2% of C. fusca. Two of five soybeans sprout cultivars, Pungwon and Wonheuk soaking with 0.1% C. fusca significantly increased the yield of soybean sprout by 26.2% and 28.2% compared to control treatment, respectively.
Green algae, Chlorella has various efficacies such as heavy metal removal, degradation of toxic materials, and growth-stimulating activity of intestinal bacteria. The main objective of this study was to investigate the ability of Chlorella fusca to improve seed germination and growth of vegetable crops and minor cereals as organic farming resources. The green algae, C. fusca were grown in BG11 modified liquid medium for 7days under aeration and 3000Lux fluorescence light. 50 ml of four grade of cell contents of C. fusca, 17%, 25%, 50%, and 100% were irrigated in horticultural nursling medium at one times after sowing. All of treatments, except for 100% culture solution of C. fusca enhanced growth of leaf length of vegetable crops and minor cereals. The best treatments was a 25% cell content of C. fusca. 20 Seeds of each minor cereals and vegetable crops were germinated in petri-dishes with double layed filter pepper containing 10 ml of 2.5×103 cells/ml of C. fusca. All of the minor cereals and vegetable crops were showed improving of seed germination rate with 11-100% compared to water treated control, except for hot pepper and Chinese cabbage seeds. These results suggested that the cell population density of C. fusca might be potentially one of important factor for improving seed germination and enhancing seedling growth of vegetable crops and minor cereals. Afterward further study will be needed to determine how to interact Chlorella fusca and organic farming crops with the biological, ecological and molecular study. This study was aimed to enhance storage and freshness of strawberry fruits and foliage vegetables treated with Chlorella vulgaris as a bio-fertilizer. The soluble liquid content of Seolhyang and Yukbo Strawberry fruits was enhanced by 22.2% and 11.5%, respectively, compared to control treatment. The decay rates of Seolhyang and Yukbo Strawberry fruits treated with foliar spray were lower than soil drench treatments during cold storage. Surface color change and chlorosis of leave of fresh-cut vegetables were observed in the sample treated with water spray at 10 days after cold storage. However, the decay rate of fresh-cut leafy vegetables, lettuce, kale, red kale, white kale and beet treated with foliar spray of 15 % of C. vulgaris were significantly lower than water spray treatment during storage at 4℃.
Chlorella has been utilized for the production of environment-friendly agricultural products. It has been known that chlorella promotes the growth promotion and the post-harvest storage of crop plants and improves sugar content. To reveal the mechanism of the effect of the growth promotion of crop plants, dozens of chlorella samples have been collected nationwide and subjected to the identification by the determination of the nucleotide sequences of 18S rRNA. When they were applied to leaf surface, approximately forty percent of growth promotion was repeatedly observed, indicating that the samples were suitable for this study. However, any chemical substances related to the growth promotion of the crop plants have not been found from chlorella. Otherwise, chlorella seems to modulate the population of microorganism on leaf surface. Chlorella applied to leaf surface might reduce the population of most of microorganism, but it seems to increase the population of a specific microorganism. Based on these results, Pseudomonas fluorescence has been identified from the leaf surface treated by chlorella. To show if the bacterium alone without chlorella can promote plant growth, it was applied to the leaf surface. The result indicated that the bacterium itself was sufficient to promote plant growth. Therefore, the mechanism of the effect of the growth promotion of plants by chlorella might be indirectly accomplished by the modulation of the population of microorganism on leaf surface.
In order to provide methods to culture Chlorella fusca on farm, a batch culturing system was developed. The system was consisted of self-standing transparent LDPE containers, an air supplier, and a controlling unit for air-flow to the container. The system was designed to be installed in a place where sunlight is reached and electricity is supplied. A place for the system installed is not limited to a place where sunlight is reached because the shelf supporting the container has a removable part for lightening source. The system was designed to be operated with minimum skills by reducing complexity. It hired low technical apparatus and is controlled manually. A nutrient solution for culturing Chlorella fusca was developed for the system. A solution is consisted of macro and micro elements necessary for cell division and cell growth of Chlorella fusca. A formula of the solution was designed with consideration of user efficiency and effectiveness on operation of the system. The system is able to expanded to be adapted to most of farm regardless of size by adding another container to the system. The system was developed based on works changing environmental factors including light sources from fluorescence to LED, and temperature and carbon sources. Different nutrients formula and formulation including powder, tablet, pellet and liquid were tested. Various types of culturing methods were developed and tested including continuous stirring, tubes in a waterbath, different volumes of PVC bag. For developing application program of Chlorella fusca culture on crops, phytotoxicity tests were done with high density culture on leafy vegetables, apple, grape, pear, chinese melon, onion, garlic, strawberry and ginseng. The results showed that there was no significant adverse symptom on crops. Six 10liter containers for 1ha farming was recommended based on application rates and the numbers of application for a cultivation season.
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