초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 염생식물의 무기성분 분석결과 미네랄 함량이 높아 공급원으로 우수성 확인
- 나트륨 함량은 칠면초, 퉁퉁마디, 해홍나물에서 높게 나타났으며, 마그네슘 함량은 갯질경, 해홍나물이 높은 수치를 보여줌.
- 칼륨, 칼슘, 인의 경우 해당화, 아연의 경우 비쑥이 가장 높았는데, 전반적으로 해당화의 경우 다양한 무기성분이 분포되어 미네랄 공급원으로 가치가 있는 자원으로 사료됨
- 채취시기에 따른 세발나물과 퉁퉁마디의 무기성분 함량 차이가 일부 성분에서 나타남
○ 염생식물의 총폴리페놀 및 총플라보

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 염생식물의 무기성분 분석결과 미네랄 함량이 높아 공급원으로 우수성 확인
- 나트륨 함량은 칠면초, 퉁퉁마디, 해홍나물에서 높게 나타났으며, 마그네슘 함량은 갯질경, 해홍나물이 높은 수치를 보여줌.
- 칼륨, 칼슘, 인의 경우 해당화, 아연의 경우 비쑥이 가장 높았는데, 전반적으로 해당화의 경우 다양한 무기성분이 분포되어 미네랄 공급원으로 가치가 있는 자원으로 사료됨
- 채취시기에 따른 세발나물과 퉁퉁마디의 무기성분 함량 차이가 일부 성분에서 나타남
○ 염생식물의 총폴리페놀 및 총플라보노이드의 기능성 성분 조사
- 총폴리페놀 함량은 해당화(54.42 ± 0.41 mg/g)에서 가장 높았고, 총플라보노이드 함량은 비쑥(10.34±0.25 mg/g)에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냄
⇒ 염생식물 종류에 따라 값 간의 편차가 컸지만, 해당화와 비쑥의 경우 항산화물질 함량이 높아 관련된 건강기능성 검토가 필요하다고 판단됨.
○ 염생식물의 중금속 안전성 조사 결과
- 54종의 시료분석결과 비소는 전체 시료에서 불검출 되었으나, 납은 2종의 시료에서 검출, 카드뮴은 4종의 시료에서 검출되었고, 수은은 26종으로 다수의 시료에서 미량으로 검출되었음
⇒ 수은의 경우 농산물에 대한 검출기준 마련 및 검출량에 대한 위해성 평가 필요
○ 본태성고혈압쥐((spontaneously hypertensive rat, SHR)에서 비쑥의 항고혈압 효과
- SHR에 비쑥추출물과 비쑥+마늘혼합추출물을 6주 동안 섭취시킬 경우 두 비쑥식이군들은 대조군에 비해 수축기와 이완기 혈압 수치가 낮았음.
- 비쑥 섭취가 혈압 상승 유발 인자인 ACE 활성을 저해하고 NO 생성을 증가시켰음.
- 비쑥 섭취가 혈압을 낮추는데 관여하는 혈관외피성장인자(vascular endothelial growth factor , VEGF)의 발현을 촉진하고 미오신 인산화 효소를 저해하여 혈관긴장도(vascular tone)를 높여 혈압을 상승시키는데 관여하는 Ras homology gene family member A (RhoA) 발현을 억제하였음.
- 또한 비쑥 섭취가 산화 스트레스 및 염증 반응을 줄여주는 효과를 나타냈음.
○ 비쑥에 함유된 혈압조절 인자인 7종의 ACE 저해물질 구명
- ACE 저해 활성 검증을 통해 비쑥으로부터 7종의 ACE 저해물질을 분리하고 구조 결정, 이중 2종의 ACE 저해물질은 아직까지 밝혀지지 않는 세계 최초로 구명. 그리고 그 화합물들은 혈압 상승에 관여하는 ACE 저해 활성 확인.
○ SHR에서 비쑥의 알츠하이머병 효과 검증
- 비쑥을 섭취한 본태성고혈압쥐의 뇌조직에서 amyloid β 생성 및 neurofibrary tangle 생성에 관여하는 인자들의 발현을 줄어주고 신경전달물질인 acetylcholine 함량이 높아 알츠하이머병 예방에도 효과가 있음을 확인하였음.
○ 비쑥의 기능성 조성물 개발
특허 1. 비쑥을 포함하는 혈압 상승 억제조성물(출원 제10-2013-0138865호)
특허 2. ACE저해활성 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 혈압상승억제용 조성물(출원 제 10-2014-0154363호
특허 3. 비쑥을 포함하는 알츠하이머병 예방용 조성물(출원 제10-2014-0154364호)

Abstract ▼

1. Study on nutritional functionality profiles and development of antihypertensive functional product using halophyte plant
In this study, we determined the physicochemical properties at different times of Spergularia marina inhabited in Korea. The moisture, brix, pH, minerals, total phenolic an

1. Study on nutritional functionality profiles and development of antihypertensive functional product using halophyte plant
In this study, we determined the physicochemical properties at different times of Spergularia marina inhabited in Korea. The moisture, brix, pH, minerals, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed. As a result, there were significantly different the moisture content in Spergularia marina collected from March to May but both were shown the pH of a weak acid. Spergularia marina harvested in May had the high salinity and sodium content(5,558.7 ± 277.6 mg/100g). Total phenolic contents of the extracts between May and March were 1.36 ± 0.01 and 0.90 ± 0.01 mg/g, respectively. In the further, more accurate study will be needed to find novel physiological activity according to the different times of Spergularia marina.

2. Effects of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. on Blood Pressure in Spontaneously hypertensive rats
The effects of AS on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats was investigated. The rats were fed diets containing 2% (w/w) AS pressurized water extracts for 6 weeks. AS group showed significantly lower systolic and Diastolic blood pressure level than control group. AS group showed lower blood Na+ content and ACE activity compared to control group. Higher vascular endothelial growth factor and lower ras homology gene family member A expression levels in kidney were observed in AS group compared to those in control group. AS group showed significantly lower levels of lipid oxidation in plasma and protein carbonyl content in liver than control group. These results indicate that AS diet reduces blood pressure possibly by reducing ACE activity, and by enhancement of VEGF expression and suppression of RhoA expression.

3. Isolation and Identification of ACE Inhibitors from Artemisia scoparia .
We have found that AS had anti-hypertension effect in spontaneously hypertensive rat. In particular, AS efficiently inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. Therefore, we carried out isolation and identification of ACE inhibitor from AS aerial parts. The chloroform and ethyl acetate layers obtained after solvent-fractionation of AS hot water extract showed high ACE inhibitory activity. Seven ACE inhibitors were isolated from chloroform and ethyl acetate layers by various column chromatographies and ODS-HPLC following ACE inhibition activity. Of them, two novel compounds were determined structurally to 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoyl (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl benzoate and 4-(O-β-D-glucopyranoyl)-3-(3'-methyl-2'-butenyl)acetophenone, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy. Five known compounds were identified as s ludovicin B, eugenol 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid and 6,8-dimethoxycoumarin 7-O-β -D-glucopyranoside. The structures were determined by the nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer. Seven isolated compounds showed ACE inhibitory activity (28.3 ± 1.46–55.8 ± 1.54 %), although its activity was very low in comparison to that (49.3 ± 2.6 %) of captopril (1 nM), which is used as a drug. However, the ACE inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds were higher and similar when compared to quercetin.

4. Preventive Effect of Artemisia scoparia on Insulin Resistance Induced by High Fat Diet in Sprague Dawley Rat
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious metabolic disorders, and is characterized by high blood glucose levels via insulin resistance. Therefore, in this study we investigated preventive effects of AS on insulin resistance induced by high fat diet in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were fed with a diet containing 60% high fat and 2% AS hot water extracts for 11 weeks. OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test) result showed that AS-high fat diet group had lower insulin resistance level compared to high fat diet group. AS-high fat diet group showed higher expression levels of IRS1, PKB/AKT, and GLUT4 than high fat diet group. In contrast, AS-high fat diet group showed lower expression level of pIRS1 ser307 than high fat diet group. AS-high fat diet group showed lower lipid oxidation level compared to high fat diet group. Recent studies reported that defects in mitochondrial function play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. AS-high fat diet group showed higher mitochondrial membrane potential and larger mitochondrial mass than high fat diet group. AS-high fat diet group showed lower level of ROS generation and higher ATP content than high fat diet group. In addition, AS-high fat diet group showed lower levels of ER stress-related factors such as GRP78, CHOP, and XBP-1s than high fat diet group. These results imply that AS has ability to reduce insulin resistance via decreasing mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress induced by high fat diet.

5. Preventive Effect of Artemisia scoparia on Alzheimer's Disease in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
Hypertension is one of the causative agents of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, we have investigated the effect of AS and AS+garlic (ASG) on AD in SHR. The rats were fed diets containing 2% (w/w) water extract of AS or ASG for 6 weeks. The level of amyloid beta slightly decreased in the rats fed AS and ASG when compared with that of the control. The AS-fed rats showed the lowest β-secretase 1 (BACE1) expression whereas expressions of Aβ clearance-related proteins such as low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1, insulin degrading enzyme, and neprilysin increased markedly in AS-fed and ASG-fed rats than control. In addition, the expression of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts decreased by AS and ASG intake. Tau proteins phosphorylated at serine 396 and 404 decreased by AS-fed and ASG-fed intake. Furthermore, the tau hyperphosphorylation-related protein [GSK3β and inactive form PP2A (p-PP2A-Y307)] contents were slightly reduced in AS-fed and ASG-fed rats than in control. Biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress diminished in AS- and ASG-fed rats than in control. These results indicate that AS and ASG attenuate the development of AD in SHR by suppressing the Aβ accumulation and tau hyperphosphorylation.

6. The development of muesli bar (snack bar) using halophytes that have health-beneficial effects
In this study, AS showed health-beneficial effects including prevention of hypertension, insulin resistance, and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition. in our previous study, Suaeda japonica (SJ) and Spergularia marina Griseb (SMG) showed health-beneficial effects including prevention of diabetes and insulin resistance, and cholesterol reduction. Three halophytes were extracted with water at 121℃ for 30 min. The high pressurized hot water extracts of three halophytes were used for the preparation of muesli bar (snack bar). Three muesli bars showed ACE inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and antioxidative activities. Biological activities and total phenolic content of muesli bars increased depending on additional amount of three halophytic hot water extracts. AS-containing muesli bar showed the highest biological activities and total phenolic content. However, sensory evaluation showed that halophyte-containing muesli bars were not good in taste (salty or bitter) and overall acceptability. Considering the health-beneficial effects of three halophytes, addition of 3% halophyte hot water extracts in preparation of muesli bar is acceptable. These results indicate that biological activities and total phenolic content of muesli bars increased by the addition of halophytes.