초록 ▼

본 연구는 산림자원을 비롯한 지역자원과 인적자원, 그리고 자원과 사람이 결합된 커뮤니티 육성을 목표로, 최근 활발하게 진행되고 있는 ‘귀농귀촌’ 현상과 연계하여 ‘귀산촌’이라는 개념을 정의하고, 귀산촌 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 충북 괴산군을 대상으로 현장밀착형 연구를 진행하여, 실제로 산림자원의 활용에 있어 지역민들의 참여를 이끌어 내고, 지역주민과 귀농귀촌인이 함께 협력하여 커뮤니티를 구성하고 발전시켜나가는 과정과 결과를 분석하였다. 지역자산을 기반으로 한 커뮤니티 개발 모델인 ABCD(Asset Based Communi

본 연구는 산림자원을 비롯한 지역자원과 인적자원, 그리고 자원과 사람이 결합된 커뮤니티 육성을 목표로, 최근 활발하게 진행되고 있는 ‘귀농귀촌’ 현상과 연계하여 ‘귀산촌’이라는 개념을 정의하고, 귀산촌 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 충북 괴산군을 대상으로 현장밀착형 연구를 진행하여, 실제로 산림자원의 활용에 있어 지역민들의 참여를 이끌어 내고, 지역주민과 귀농귀촌인이 함께 협력하여 커뮤니티를 구성하고 발전시켜나가는 과정과 결과를 분석하였다. 지역자산을 기반으로 한 커뮤니티 개발 모델인 ABCD(Asset Based Community Development)모델을 활용하여 지역자산조사, 지역커뮤니티 조직, 전략계획수립, 계획의 실행 단계 수행결과, 임산물 생산, 판매와 관련된 전략적 계획을 수립하고 실행기반을 구축한 2개의 커뮤니티 사례를 도출할 수 있었다. 실제 현장을 대상으로, 산림자원과 커뮤니티를 기반으로 한 귀산촌 활성화 모델을 활성화 시키기 위해서는 다음의 요소가 필요하다.
첫 번째는 지역의 고유한 특성을 반영한 지역발전의 가이드라인과 핵심요소가 제시되어야 할 것이다. 두 번째는 지역주민들이 스스로가 조직을 구성하고 참여할 수 있는 시스템을 만들어야 할 것이다. 세번째는 지역의 인적자원을 발굴하고 양성하기 위한 교육시스템이 필요하다. 그리고 마지막으로 전체적인 시스템을 구축하는데 필요한 중간지원조직이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 산촌 지역개발에 있어 소홀히 되었던 지역자원과 커뮤니티 발굴 및 교육을 강조한 연구로 최근 급증하고 있는 귀농귀촌인들의 자원활용과 커뮤니티 개발 및 지역민들과의 교류, 협력을 통해 지역의 지속가능한 정착을 유도하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있다. 또한 영농활동에 집중된 귀농귀촌 활동의 범위를 확대하고, 다양한 도 시민들의 수요를 충족시키는데 활용될 수 있다. 향후 귀산촌 모델 도입을 통한 지역발전의 효과성과 성과를 측정할 수 있는 실증적인 연구가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Abstract ▼

Ⅳ. Results of Research and Development
1. Investigation on the Regional Resources of Goesan-gun
In case of Goesan-gun, mountains and gullies have been developed due to its geographical characteristics of being adjacent to Baekdu Mountain Range. As an inland mountainous area, it is an area that

Ⅳ. Results of Research and Development
1. Investigation on the Regional Resources of Goesan-gun
In case of Goesan-gun, mountains and gullies have been developed due to its geographical characteristics of being adjacent to Baekdu Mountain Range. As an inland mountainous area, it is an area that had been originally neglected by the regional development policies. However, the interest is getting higher as an area which possesses healthy food and clean natural environment through the resources of mountains and gullies, etc. including pure agricultural products such as organic agriculture, etc.
Recently, the population that had been steadily getting decreased since 1987 is steadily getting increased since 2009 due to an increased inflow of migrants returning to farms and rural areas. A distinctive fact is that relatively many migrants returning to farms and rural areas are flowing into the areas where there had been little sedentary population in the past from having high ratio of forests. This could be considered as being related to the recently shown migration motives of the migrants returning to farms and rural areas. It can be inferred that people migrate based on mountain village development areas with more beautiful natural scenery than other areas and relatively low population density such as mountains and valleys, etc. rather than the areas with wide farmlands or building sites since the people returning to farms and rural areas migrating for the purpose of having quiet rural life by escaping from congestion or pollution of the urban area are getting increased. Looking from the increasing nationwide interest toward returning to farms and rural areas or the increasing trend of migrants returning to farms and rural areas migrating for the purpose of living a rural life, places with relatively high ratio of forests and low population density such as the mountain village development area of Goesan-gun could be called the places with new development potentials in the future.
Therefore, it is important to make use of the natural resources (especially the forest resources) that Goesan-gun possesses with the recent inflow of migrants from urban areas and the native residents. It is also necessary to continue expanding the use of resources even further by creating a structure that can be linked and utilized with services and education, etc. without using the resources based on existing primary and secondary industries.

2. Fact-Finding Survey of Migrants Returning to Farms/Rural Areas and Investigation on the Community of Migrants Returning to Farms/Rural Areas As a result of performing a fact-finding survey of migrants returning to farms/rural areas, the greatest motive for migrating to rural and mountain village areas was shown as "because they like the rural and mountain village life". In other words, the anticipation toward rural life or the pleasure and leisure it provides are the biggest factors for deciding on the migration. This implies that the spatial attribute possessed by rural/mountain village area is more important than other factors. Forest is a resource that has various attributes such as scenery, culture and recuperation, etc. among the rural/mountain village area resources as resources that can be utilized in many different fields. Therefore, it is necessary to maximize the spatial characteristics possessed by rural and mountain villages by expanding the forest infrastructure of Goesan in order to attract urban citizens to farms/rural areas and actually having them flow into this area.
At the same time, as a result of performing an IPA analysis on the motivator for migrating to rural areas targeting the people who have migrated to Goesan-gun, the aspect of creating economic income such as cultivation of forest products, production of agricultural products or income from experience activities, etc. and the aspect of education programs or exchange activities for people migrating to rural area have been shown as the main factors for improvement. Since the economic factors related to income also act as the factors that make people have difficulty of settling down after migrating to rural areas, it is essential to prepare policies and provide policy support on them in order to raise the settlement ratio of rural area migrants. It is necessary to develop various resources for income and open up new markets to continue creating a specialized exclusive market of Goesan-gun.
Also, a genealogy of migrants returning to farms and rural areas of Goesan-gun has been researched based on a field investigation in a form of interview on the production communities that the migrants returning to farms and rural areas of Goesan-gun are participating in. As a result, the activities of communities for the migrants returning to farms and villages of Goesan-gun has been leading a relatively stable return-to-farm society as Chungbuk Rural Village Development Association (currently Nunbisan Village) and Hansallim activity have been the linchpin. It was shown that the reason why these organizations could continue until now in spite of various conflict factors or development obstacles, etc. was because they have formed a local social capital as they continued community activities and businesses using the common resources of the region.

3. Application of Community Development Using Forest Resources
The forest resources, forest trails and recreation forests possessed by Goesan-gun as well as the forest experience, education and healing activities using them could become a creative plan for the development of new resources for income and the development of community. Accordingly, just like the case of performing community development based on a common resource called organic agriculture in the past, a community where migrants returning to farms/rural areas and local residents can utilize the resources together based on the forest resources within Goesan-gun has been attempted to be developed.
In order to identify the status of forest resources that can be potentially utilized, the types of forest resources in high demand within Goesan-gun have been examined based on the details of investigating the local resources of ri region. Most of them were forest trail or mountain trail resources and have been verified as being planned as a usage for the purpose of recreation or tour. At the same time, the utilization was shown as being high even in the field of distribution/marketing to sell by collecting or raising forest products such as wild vegetables or mushrooms. Other than this, the fields of nature conservation, utilization of wood fuel and social integration have not been verified. This seems to be the result created from little awareness of the residents on definition, concept or utilization of the forest resources.
Based on the investigated details, as the second stage of mountain village migration promotion model and as the first stage for local capitalization of forest resources, an activity for spreading bond of sympathy and forming organizations on the utilization of forest resources has been performed targeting the actual Goesan-gun residents. It has attempted to draw capability of residents by introducing a community business concept for field activities. Community business is one of social economic activities to form a community as residents cooperate by themselves, solve problems of the region through economic activities and reinvest the profit once again for the development of region. It is a bottom-up method as it originally emphasizes on the capability of community and could be considered as being local community capital centered at the same time. Accordingly, the participation of local residents has been attempted to be drawn based on a community business using forest resources.
The understanding of local residents toward the community business support project in general could be enhanced by promoting online and offline publicity activities and briefing sessions on the idea competition. Although only a few number has subscribed as six teams have participated in the competition, the fact that there are movements of trying to solve regional problems by utilizing forest resources could be verified and the original ideas connected with real life could be secured. Out of six teams that have participated in the competition, five teams have been finally selected.
Next, a program to consolidate the capability of residents has been performed so that the five ideas discovered through the competition could be developed into specific project plans as a strategic planning stage. As a program led by the residents, it sets the basics as participation and cooperation of team members. The education program has been planned based on the preparation process for the establishment of community business which is being performed by 'Konkuk University Community Business Center'. This education composed of a total of five workshops was held from January 17, 2014 to February 21, 2014. All members of the selected five teams have participated to proceed with the program through the group activities by each team.
As mentioned above, the related information has been provided to perform field study and connection with experts so that the business plans derived by going through the stage up to setting up a strategic plan can be actually performed by local residents. Among the four communities that have prepared a business plan, a support for promoting and implementing business has been provided targeting two communities called Bakdal Village and Hwangam Village.

4. Mountain Village Migration Promotion Model
In order to promote the mountain village migration, organizations and business plans must be designed systematically within the concept of regional development in a wide ranged dimension in order to become in harmony with the existing local community and accomplish a win-win development which is not an isolated community of migrants returning to farms and rural areas. In other words, the concept of mountain village migration in this study must be understood from the level of a mountain village development plan which is integrally designed within an even wider ranged context of local community rather than being an independent mountain village business plan of the migrants returning to farms and rural areas. If summarized by combining the result that has applied the mountain village migration model on the field targeting Goesan-gun, the process for establishing a strategic plan for mountain village migration is as follows.

Preparation Stage: Requires establishment of a project promotion organization where various main bodies of private and public sectors participate in by setting up a regional range of medium scale or higher with homogeneity. This must be backed up by guidelines or support presented by the public in the process of regulating the organizing process or requirements of the project promotion organization to make stable formation of organization and growth possible.
Analysis of Assets and Situations: Investigation of various material and non-material assets (natural, cultural, social, structural and economic assets) having deep interrelationship with regional forest assets and for utilizing such forest assets has been performed. Here, the activity status of existing forest asset utilizing groups (cooperative units, farming associations and mountain cultivated ginseng research societies) of the region, method of utilizing resources and other policy support measures or established bodies (roles of farm and rural area migration support center, etc.) must be included. It is important to carry out the investigation under the participation of residents and cooperation from the support manpower (research team or public sector).
Setting Up the Objectives of Organization: Setting up vision, mission and objectives of the community based on SWOT analysis and the details of investigating the assets. In this process, a halfway support organization must aim at a wide ranged participation of local community through active communication.
Formation of Strategies: Specific strategies are established using various methods such as PTA (Problem Tree Analysis), SWOT matrix (deriving SO, ST, WO and WT strategies) and scenario technique, etc. The technology aspect of participation process requires public support (review of external consistency, technical worker support, information support or support of expenses for hiring consultants, etc.).

목차 Contents

• 표 지 ... 1
• 제 출 문 ... 3
• 보고서 요약서 ... 5
• 요 약 문 ... 6
• SUMMARY ... 12
• CONTENTS ... 21
• 목 차 ... 24
• 제 1장. 연구개발과제 개요 ... 27
• 제 1절. 연구배경 및 필요성 ... 29
• 1. 공동자원(Commons)로서의 산림의 역할과 기능, 관리 주체의 변화 ... 29
• 2. 우리나라 산림관리 정책의 변화와 방향 ... 32
• 제 2절. 연구목표 ... 38
• 제 3절. 연구대상 및 수행방법 ... 40
• 1. 현장연구 사이트 선정 ... 40
• 2. 문헌 및 자료 수집 분석 ... 42
• 3. 현장 지역자원조사 및 주민 설문조사 실시 ... 42
• 4. 지역 주민 대상 심층인터뷰 진행 ... 43
• 5. 지역주민 대상 귀산촌 활성화 프로그램(주민역량강화교육) 실시 ... 44
• 제 2장. 국내외 연구동향 ... 47
• 제 1절. 농산촌 지역개발 흐름 ... 49
• 제 2절. 귀농귀촌 인력을 활용한 농산촌 지역개발 ... 50
• 제 3절. 산림정책에 있어 지역자원과 커뮤니티 ... 52
• 1. 산림경영정책에서의 지역자원과 커뮤니티 ... 52
• 2. 산촌개발정책에서의 지역자원과 커뮤니티 ... 53
• 제 4절. 커뮤니티, 지역자산 중심의 지역발전 연구 동향 ... 56
• 1. 커뮤니티, 지역 자산 중심의 지역발전 ... 56
• 제 3장. 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 ... 69
• 제 1절. 귀산촌 현장연구의 개요 ... 71
• 1. 귀산촌의 개념정의 ... 71
• 2. 귀산촌과 커뮤니티개발이론의 적용 ... 72
• 제 2절. 괴산군 지역자원조사 ... 73
• 1. 조사개요 ... 73
• 2. 괴산군의 지역자원 현황 및 특징 ... 75
• 제 3절. 귀농귀촌인 실태 조사 ... 100
• 1. 괴산군의 귀농귀촌 실태 ... 100
• 2. 도시민 조사결과 ... 117
• 3. 집단별 비교분석 결과 ... 127
• 4. 괴산군 귀농귀촌 공동체 계보 ... 135
• 제 4절. 산림자원을 활용한 커뮤니티 개발 ... 144
• 1. 괴산군 산림자원 활용 현황 및 여건분석 ... 144
• 2. 공감대 확산 및 커뮤니티 형성 ... 148
• 3. 전략적 계획 수립 ... 154
• 제 5절. 커뮤니티비즈니스 시범사업 실행 ... 163
• 1. 산림자원을 활용한 비즈니스 실행 지원 ... 164
• 2. 성과와 한계 ... 174
• 제 6절. 괴산의 숲길비즈니스 발굴을 위한 프로세스 ... 175
• 1. 괴산군 숲길 비즈니스의 추진 ... 175
• 2. 주민 역량 강화를 위한 교육 프로그램 개발 ... 176
• 3. 숲길자원을 활용한 비즈니스 모델 ... 195
• 제 7절. 귀산촌 활성화 모델 ... 201
• 1. 귀산촌 활성화와 전략적 계획 프로세스 ... 201
• 2. 프랑스 지역산림계획(Charte forestière territoriale)의 전략적 계획 프로세스 ... 206
• 3. LEADER의 지역발전전략(Local Development Strategy) ... 227
• 4. CFT와 LDS 전략계획 사례의 시사점 ... 237
• 제 8절. 정책적 제언 ... 244
• 1. 귀산촌 활성화 조직의 설립: 커뮤니티의 구축점이자 사업전략을 실행할 조직의 형태 ... 244
• 2. 전략적 지역산림계획 수립을 통한 귀산촌지원정책의 모색 ... 247
• 3. 귀산촌 모델 적용을 위한 교육 프로그램 실행 방안 ... 252
• 4. 귀산촌 모델 활성화를 위한 주체별 역할 ... 254
• 제 4장. 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 259
• 제 1절. 연구개발 목표의 달성도 ... 261
• 제 2절. 관련분야에서의 기여도 ... 262
• 제 5장. 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 263
• 제 1절. 활용계획 ... 265
• 제 2절. 추가연구의 필요성 ... 266
• 제 6장. 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술개발 정보 ... 267
• 제 7장. 참고문헌 ... 303
• 끝페이지 ... 311