초록 ▼

Chapter 1. ICT 해외진출 전략대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정
1. 정책자문 필요성 및 목적
본 연구는 개발도상국의 정보격차해소를 통하여 공동번영을 추진하기 위한 개도국 ICT 정책자문의 틀을 구축하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 정보통신 기반이 미흡한 개발도상국의 IT 발전과 정보화를 촉진하기 위해 한국의 ICT 발전 모범사례를 체계적으로 정리하였다. 이를 통해 국제 정보격차해소에 기여하며 나아가서는 개발도상국과 공동번영의 기틀을 마련하고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 궁극적인 목적이다. 그러나 이러한 궁극적인 목적 이면에

Chapter 1. ICT 해외진출 전략대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정
1. 정책자문 필요성 및 목적
본 연구는 개발도상국의 정보격차해소를 통하여 공동번영을 추진하기 위한 개도국 ICT 정책자문의 틀을 구축하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. 정보통신 기반이 미흡한 개발도상국의 IT 발전과 정보화를 촉진하기 위해 한국의 ICT 발전 모범사례를 체계적으로 정리하였다. 이를 통해 국제 정보격차해소에 기여하며 나아가서는 개발도상국과 공동번영의 기틀을 마련하고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 궁극적인 목적이다. 그러나 이러한 궁극적인 목적 이면에는 우리나라의 국제 이니셔티브를 제고하고자 하는 목적과 함께 이를 통해 우리나라 정보통신업체들의 해외진출 기반을 마련하고자 하는 목적을 갖고 있다. 일본은 ‘아시아 브로드밴드 계획’을 통해 아시아지역의 IT 주도권 확보에 나서고 있고, 중국은 이미 엄청난 규모의 직접투자를 통해 아프리카 지역의 맹주로 떠올랐다. 개발도상국을 대상으로 한 ICT 정책자문사업은 국내기업의 해외진출을 위한 효과적인 수단이 될 수 있다. 개발도상국에 우리나라의 IT 발전경험 및 노하우 등을 소개･자문하여 우호적인 인적･물적 네트워크를 구축하고 이를 바탕으로 국내 IT기업의 해외진출기반을 마련하고자 하는 것이 본 연구의 주요 목적이라 할 수 있겠다.
본 연구는 3개년동안 수행되는 장기프로젝트의 1차년도 내용으로서 개발도상국 IT 정책자문에 필요한 마스터플랜을 수립하고 전략대상국 선정을 위한 기초조사 과정까지를 포함한다. 2차년도에는 해외진출 전략대상국을 선정하고 1차년도의 연구를 심화시켜 주요 정책 모범사례를 모듈화시켜 전략국가별 맞춤형 IT정책 실천계획을 수립할 계획이다. 그리고 3차년도에는 1,2차년도의 성과를 평가하고 피드백을 받아 해외진출 전략국가 ICT 마스터플랜 정책자문 연구를 완성한다는 계획이다.
2. 정책자문 대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정
정책자문 대상국가 풀(Pool)을 선정하기 위해 대상국의 경제력, 성장잠재력, 우리나라의 정보통신 해외진출상황, 정치적 상황 등 여러 가지 요소를 고려해야 한다.
그리고 요소 분석결과에 따라 전략국가를 그룹별로 구분해서 살펴볼 수 있을 것이다. 첫째는 우선협력국으로 정부의 IT정책에 대한 인식과 기초 IT 인프라 환경을 보유하고 있으며 협력관계 구축을 통해 상호호혜의 결과를 기대할 수 있는 국가군이 있다. 둘째는 전략협력국으로 기초 IT환경이 열악하여 상호호혜 기반 협력관계는 기대하기 어려우나, 에너지, 자원 등 상호대체 협력수요를 보유하여 전략적 접근의 가치가 있는 국가군이 있다. 마지막으로 위상협력국으로 국제기구 및 국제회의 등 국제사회에서 우리의 IT 위상 강화를 위한 파트너 국가군이 있다.
본 연구에서는 위에서 살펴본 국가군 중 첫 번째 우선협력국 및 두 번째 전략협력국이 본 연구에서 추구하는 정책자문 대상국가에 포함된다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 우리나라가 IT 인프라 수출시 정책자문을 할 수 있는 전략대상국가를 선정하는 것이 본 연구과제의 목적인 바, 대상국가를 좀 더 구체적이고 효율적으로 선정하기 위하여 IT 부문에 국한하지 않고, IT를 핵심축으로 하되 다양한 요소와의 조화를 통해 시너지 효과를 제고할 수 있는 방향으로 검토하였다. 즉, ICT 개발지수(IDI), 통신요금수준(ICT Price Basket), 국제경쟁력지수(GCI) 등 여러 가지 다양한 요소를 고려하여 대상국가를 그룹화한 뒤 전략대상국가 풀(Pool)을 선정하였다.
우선 IT 선진국을 제외하고 주요 개도국을 중심으로 3단계 분석 과정을 통해 정책자문 대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정이 이루어졌다. 1단계에서는 전반적인 국가별 경제력 및 성장잠재력을 고려하기 위해 국민1인당생산지표(GDP)와 국제경쟁력지수(GCI)를 적용하여 전략대상국을 1차로 도출하였다. 2단계에서는 한국으로부터의 IT 수입규모 및 정보통신발전지수(IDI)를 지표로 활용하여 한국과의 정보통신시장 교류상황 및 국가별 정보통신산업 발전정도를 판단하여 전략대상국을 도출하였다. 마지막 단계에서는 가트너의 국가별 IT시장 전망 자료를 활용하여 IT산업 부문별로 유망한 국가군 분류를 수행하였다.

Abstract ▼

The purpose of this study is to formulate the framework to provide information and communications technology (ICT) policy advice to developing countries with the aim of co-prosperity sought by bridging an information gap. In order to promote the development of the ICT industry and informatization in

The purpose of this study is to formulate the framework to provide information and communications technology (ICT) policy advice to developing countries with the aim of co-prosperity sought by bridging an information gap. In order to promote the development of the ICT industry and informatization in the developing world, we have systematically set up the database of exemplary ICT cases in Korea. We expect that the study would lead to bridging the global information gap and paving the way for co-prosperity of developed and developing countries.
Behind this ultimate purpose, however, lies the objective to enhance Korea's initiative in the international stage and to support domestic ICT companies to go beyond Korea.
Japan has taken steps to hold IT leadership in Asia under the Asia Broadband Plan;
China has risen as a powerhouse in Africa with a huge amount of direct investment.
For Korea, ICT policy consulting service may be an effective measure for Korean companies to go into markets overseas. By introducing and offering consulting services on Korea's experience and expertise of developing the IT industry, the nation can build human and physical networks with developing countries, which in turn will help Korean IT companies start and do business in these countries.
Korea transformed itself from an international aid recipient to a donor country within an exceptionally short period of time. Not only that, Korea is one of just two Asian countries that rank within the top 10 of the UN ICT Development Index (IDI) and the sole country whose per capita income is in the 20-30 thousand dollars range among the top 20 nations on IDI. Accordingly, developing nations have keen interest in learning Korea's experience of IT-based economic development with increasing request for relevant policy consultation.
The anticipated huge investment in energy, logistics and mobile communications infrastructure in emerging countries is likely to result in greater efficiency when combined with information technology. Faced with the opportunity in developing countries, the infrastructure building industry is emerging as a new growth engine and IT can become a major component. Consulting projects on IT-based economic development can be offered along with infrastructure projects, which will increase the probability of winning infrastructure projects and give greater opportunities to Korean IT companies in exploring overseas markets.
To break away from the current practices, which are fragmented and limited to informatization and e-government, a study is essential on IT consultation encompassing both successful and failed national IT policy experiences, including informatization, IT industry policy, competition policy and regulation. In addition, a strategic approach that integrates the IT policy consulting with infrastructure export to developing countries is necessary by coming up with ways to increase productivity with the help of information technology in other industries, such as manufacturing and education.
Chapter 2. The Status of ICT in Korea
Korea is well-known for its successful achievement of rapid economic development.
In the space of four to five decades, Korea rose from one of the world’s poorest nations to become one of the largest economies. Korea’s GNI per capita stood at a mere US$87 in 1962, which was equivalent to that of Ghana at that time. The figure surged to more than US$10,000 in 1995 and vaulted above US$20,000 in 2007. The development of the IT sector has been one of the core drivers of Korea’s exceptional growth. Korea has now become the world’s IT superpower. In 2010, Korea ranked top in Study on the Super High-Speed Internet Quality published by the University of Oxford, in ICT National Competitiveness Assessment for the White Paper 2010 Information and Communications released by the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, and in the United Nation’s e-government survey.
The information technology (IT) industry has made a significant contribution to the growth of the Korean economy since the 1990s. With the world’s highest Internet penetration rate and the global first adoption of advanced telecommunication services such as DMB (Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) and WiBro (Wireless Broadband), Korea is a first-class IT country where cutting edge IT technologies have been put in place. This tech savvy nation’s rapid development of the IT industry is largely attributed to the local companies that have created state-of-the-art IT products such as semiconductors, LCD panels and mobile phones. Their bold and forward-looking investments into facilities, research and development have enabled Korea’s IT industry to take its current leading position in the global IT market. A report of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published in 2008 includes Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and KT in its list of the world’s top 50 IT companies. These Korean names that lead the evolution of the global IT industry are one of the main achievements of the IT industry in Korea.
The government is another important player of this outstanding progress of the IT industry.
It has addressed a wide range of issues for both demand and supply sides: technology development, human resource development, modification or creation of relevant laws and regulations, investments in high-speed Internet infrastructure, implementation of e-Government, privatization and market liberalization of telecommunication industry and execution of competition policies. Korea’s IT industry is a typical example in which the government plays a leading role by continuously motivating the relevant companies to develop new technologies and organizing the relevant legal and regulatory systems. The Korean government even engaged in the direct development of major communication technologies such as TDX (Time Division Exchanger) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) through one of its invested research institutes and set them as the local standards. While some critics argue that the government’s adoption of the technologies, which are not the world’s dominant technologies, as the standards has undermined the efficiency of the local industry, everybody agrees that the government-led technological development and standardization policies have vitalized the local IT market and thus significantly enhanced their competitiveness.
Chapter 3. Telecommunications Competition Policy in Korea
Telecommunications services began in Korea in the early 1900s. Modern telecommunications services developed along with the industrialization policy of the third Republic in the early 1960s. Initial telecommunications services began to be provided with the government actually running the service operation. This was partly because the government was the only party that could afford such astronomical costs to build a large-scale network similar to that of several other countries. Another reason lied in the fact that telecommunications services were an essential factor in the lives of the general population.
Apart from the fact that telecommunications services require large-scale initial investment with the government in the lead, other effects of the network and several other characteristics exist. Consequently, the telecommunications sector has several regulatory devices under its sleeve since it provides universal services in addition to the regulations applied in the general industries with economy of scale. The general competition law uses a post-regulatory method that asks for corrections or a fine when actions hampering competition occur, such as abuse of the market dominance, unfair group action and other actions. However, the telecommunications sector still has structural barriers such as essential facilities, network externality, limited frequency resources and other factors, proving to be much more advantageous to the first-comers rather than late-comers to the market. Taking these characteristics into consideration, a ex-ante regulation such as building a competitive environment in the market was taken and a ex-post regulation measure such as prohibiting certain actions in response to unfair actions unique to the telecommunications sector was adopted. For these reasons, Korea, like most countries, has a specific regulatory system in the telecommunications sector.
Korea took a methodical path of developing its telecommunication market by means of privatization, liberalization, and encouraging competition. The principal objective was to expand and improve the infrastructure and provide quality services at lower rates, hence increasing consumer and social welfare. This foundation turned out to be the essential market and regulatory element for building a thriving telecommunications market in Korea.
Further major issues are introduction of a new regulatory system responding to the trend of Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC) and convergence of telecommunications and multimedia. Such convergence trend is in progress already, as witnessed in the examples of VoIP and IPTV, and eventually, diverse services are expected to be provided through all-IP-based broadband network instead of a single service provided from individual networks. The services offering the same functions may be provided through different telecommunications networks or it may be possible that several services that could not be offered through a single communication network are offered. Services that were currently competing in different markets may be competing directly with each other.
Such environmental changes require changes in the regulatory framework. In such circumstances, the overall direction to improve the regulations can be summarized briefly as the most challenging issue to how to ensure fairness in regulation of services provided among competitors.
Chapter 4. ICT Industrial Policy of Korea
The government’s IT policy devoted itself to meeting the basic demand of telecommunication and preparing foundations for an information society until the mid 1980s.
Since then the government made an intensive focus on growing the IT industry at the national level with the slogan ‘We were late in industrialization. But we will lead the information age’ until the mid 1990s. Then it established the Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC) and devised a variety of plans to promote the industry as a main engine for the national economic growth. This strategy was strengthened and more investment was made into the IT sector at the end of 1997 when Korea became subject to the supervision of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) after the country was hit hard by the global financial crisis. Major IT-oriented projects were carried out with budgets from the Information Promotion Fund: informatization, an IT technology development and a comprehensive development plan for the IT industry, and the IT industry truly became the main engine for the nation’s economic growth.
Research and development in ICT has been one of the key factors contributing to the growth of the ICT sector in Korea. Keeping pace with technological change to be remained globally competitive, the Korea's ICT sector has continuously increased investment in R&D. Although major parts of R&D in ICT have been financed and performed by private businesses, the Korean government has also taken an important part of R&D for ensuring sustainable economic growth and improvements in living standards. Recognizing economic benefit of ICT, the Korean government has actively involved in major R&D projects such as TDX and CDMA. The R&D programs funded by MIC consisted of three major ones: a leading technology development program supporting strategic R&D which requires long-term R&D efforts; an industrial competitiveness development program which promotes R&D in competitive technologies with a high potential for commercialization in the short-run; and a new technology support program which mainly focuses on the development of new information technologies in the small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).
Korea’s IT human resources development (HRD) policy has been focused on securing the quantitative supply base of IT human resources through an increase in IT departments in college and expansion of job transitional education, for instance. As a result, college graduates with IT degrees account for 47% of the entire engineering college graduates as of 2009. The IT human resources development program undertaken from 1997 has gone through three phases: the foundation phase, the expansion phase, and the practice & job skills expansion phase, transforming the nature of the program from supply-based to demand-based, from quantitative to qualitative, and from domestic-oriented to global-oriented. Development of Korean IT human resources has been pushed forward in a virtuous circle through: i) the establishment of IT infrastructure for human resources development; ii) the increased production of IT human resources by regular educational institutions; iii) the re-education of IT workforce; iv) the offering of informatization education to the entire population of the nation; and v) the regular estimation of supply and demand prospects, the improvement of IT-relevant certificate systems, and the expansion and increase of institutional framework, etc. Not only the IT human resources development plan, but other human resources development policies, in general, were pushed forward in harmony with industrial policy, science and technology policy etc. Equally, the IT human resources development policy will be pushed in tune with industrial policy, R&D policy etc.
Chapter 5. Informatization Policy in Korea
Since the beginning of the 1990s, the developed countries such as the U.S., Japan, the EU nations and Singapore started pushing forward informatization as a critical strategy to determine an individual nation’s competitiveness and further its survival in a global competition by raising the productivity of the government and industries as well as contributing to the growth of national economy and creating jobs. In this global trend, Korea also recognized the informatization as a key element to determine the future of the national economy and the development of the society from the mid 1990s and prepared and implemented the visions and strategies at a national level.
In its first move, the government created the MIC to replace and expand the functions of the former MOC in a governmental reorganization conducted in December 1994 and consolidated the functions distributed to multiple agencies into the MIC, such as promoting of the IT industry and development of communication and broadcasting technologies.
Along with this organizational change, the government enacted the Framework Act on Informatization Promotion in August 1995 and made systematic preparations to realize the informatization, including setting up a committee to govern all informatization-related activities throughout administration, legislation and jurisdiction. In accordance with the Framework Act, the government also developed the Master Plan for Informatization Promotion. This was an upgraded version of a national informatization framework intended to further advance the existing informatization projects including the construction of the nation’s core IT infrastructure. In other words, the Master Plan was a policy framework representing the government’s IT policy direction in a comprehensive and systematic way and the highest level of the government’s IT plan that incorporated different IT plans prepared. Unlike the 5-year Economic Development Plan in the past, the Master Plan well displays changes in the roles of the government. In fact, in developing an informatization plan at the governmental level, the government is required to provide a comprehensive and systematic long-term visions at the national level from the initial stages of the informatization so that the government itself can create the initial demand for informatization as a leading user of information technology and encourage the private sector to exert their creativity and voluntary efforts and make investment in the IT industry.
The Master Plan for Informatization Promotion developed in 1996 was the government’s first broad blueprint to usher in an information-based society into Korea by 2010. The Master Plan had informatization objectives that would be conducted over three phases by 2010. The objectives of the first phase (1996 - 2000), which was designed to build foundations for a rapid implementation of the informatization, were to identify, and focus on, ten major tasks for informatization, and upgrade the level of Korea’s IT industry to that of G7 countries. The first phase also included the construction of high-speed communication network to serve 30,000 government agencies and 2.6 million individual subscribers throughout the country, and the arrangement of regulatory and systematic environments. The objectives of the second phase (2001 -2005), which was to expand the utilization of information, were to stabilize the private sector-led informatization efforts and create a sufficient demand for an advanced information society. The third phase (2006 - 2010), which was intended to further advance the utilization of information, had objectives to make information available anytime and anywhere for anyone.
Chapter 6. Case Studies of Overseas ICT Use
1. Germany: ICT in Construction, Retail, Consumer Goods, and Manufacturing
The core objective of the German's government ICT policy was focused on increasing the adoption levels of business applications. This was implemented through the establishment of specialized vehicles that would promote the adoption of business applications among SMEs. Such specialized vehicles would enable software and standards implementation projects by providing subsidies and advice, as well as by implementing assistance unbiased by commercial considerations. The intended beneficiaries of such policy initiatives were typically SMEs in the target sectors; the target beneficiaries were almost always well defined by sector, industry cluster, or region. The PROZEUS initiative was operational between 2002 and 2008 and companies that were part of the initiative report benefits such as reductions in order processing time, order processing error rate, time and costs for tracking deliveries and out-of-stock time.
They also experienced increased sales, and successful launch of contemporary supply chain management strategies such as Vendor Management Inventory.
2. US: ICT in Health Care
The key policy objective guiding the US government's role in the field of Health Information Technology is to improve the quality of health care and reduce the cost of health care by reducing wasteful administrative procedures and unnecessary procedures.
The long term goal of this policy is to enable results-based payment for health care services, as opposed to procedure-based payments for individual services. The evidence presented indicates that HIT policy has played a direct role in increasing HIT adoption.
It also indicates that HIT usage has led to a reduction in costs and improved health care. Projection of health care cost savings data on a national scale indicate costs savings of over US$620 billion over a 15 year period. Empirical evidence of improved health care from HIT usage includes cases of reduced morbidity from fewer adverse drug event cases. The government has used multiple policy tools, from subsidies to infrastructure development, taking HIT adoption (according to various accounts) between 10-15%; HIT policy remains a focus area for the US government.
3. Syria: ICT in Education
The Syrian government launched a number of IT policy initiatives between 2000 and 2005 with the intention of increasing the number of computer science, engineering and business education trained graduates. These initiatives also cited facilitating research-based tertiary education, and extending overall accessibility of tertiary education. Such initiatives were part of the broad-based policy objective aimed at increasing the usage of ICT tools across educational institutes at all levels. The results achieved, in terms of productivity enhancements and net job creation. The ICT policy initiatives have led to increased availability of ICT trained graduates across Syria, which in turn has enabled home grown IT companies to serve IT intensive sectors, such as banking in the domestic market. The SVU provided approximate 20% of ICT-trained graduates from state universities between 2006 and 2007.
4. Zimbabwe: ICT in Agriculture
In the years leading up to 2010, Zimbabwe embarked on a program to provide small scale, subsistence farmers with information through websites and software tools. These initiatives were part of the policy objective of leveraging ICT in agriculture to promote food security, achieve superior land management, manage production better, and promote information sharing for better forecasting and sustainable agricultural practices.
The benefits of internet access (that provided among others, meteorological information) and farming software are somewhat offset by the considerable challenges the country faced for most of the last ten years. Zimbabwe experienced GDP contraction of 40% between 2000 and 2007 and for most of the 2000-2010 decade the country has faced considerable economic and social challenges. The initiatives have led to relatively high usage of the farming applications. In addition to this, the information access infrastructure has played a role in farmers managing to maintain a subsistence level output. The benefits, while modest in absolute terms, can be considered significant when viewed in light of Zimbabwe’s considerable economic and social challenges.
Chapter 7. The Use of IT Technology for the Advancement of the Manufacturing Industry
1. Automobile Industry
The development of wireless mobile communication technology, which began with the advent of CDMA, provided an opportunity for all industries to use telematics as a means to bring about the convergence of bi-directional communication services. This also provided the opportunity for the automobile industry to develop the platform technology needed to establish automotive networks such as the connection between in-vehicle systems and mobile devices, in-vehicle communication networks, and the systems which make it possible to exchange information with other vehicles and traffic facilities (Hi-Pass). Furthermore, the domestic development of the computer industry helped to create a form of platform technology which made possible the computerization of the domestic automobile industry’s manufacturing process, and the production of automotive parts rooted in highly advanced electronic control systems. The development of the semiconductor industry and the advancement of semiconductor technology have facilitated the development of the automotive semiconductors that constitute core parts within the automotive electronics system. These automotive semiconductors have also contributed to helping Korea not only consolidate its standing, but also secure a technological advantage. The development of IT and related convergence has made it possible to strengthen the competitiveness of the automobile industry and to develop new growth engines for the society of the future. The possibility of creating intelligent vehicles created by the convergence of IT and the automobile industry is expected to result in great improvements being made in automotive safety, convenience, and networking.
2. Shipbuilding Industry
The third stage in the development of the Korean shipbuilding industry, that of high value-added (1998-2007), was focused on the application of IT technologies to such processes as ship design, shipbuilding, and the implementation of onboard electronic control systems. The fourth stage, the stage of digital ships (since 2008), has been focused on applying IT technologies to the integrated management of the shipbuilding process, integrated management of ship transportation systems, integrated management of ship navigation information, IT convergence of ship equipment, and shipbuilding PLM. As such, the main trend in terms of IT technology has gone from the application of basic IT technologies to IT convergence as it relates to the integrated management of the entire shipbuilding process and ship navigation systems. In the past, basic IT technologies were used in conjunction with automation processes such as the introduction of CAD technology in ship design and of computation into the shipbuilding process. However, the development of the shipbuilding industry and growing sophistication of IT technology have resulted in convergence between the IT and shipbuilding industries being on the rise. As such, the emphasis has been on the development of direct IT convergence technology that can be used within the shipbuilding industry. The strategy of establishing a cooperative system linking together IT research institutes, the shipbuilding industry, and the academic sector is expected to emerge as an important policy variable. This cooperative system will lead to the implementation of joint research on the development of the platform technology needed to bring about the improvement of productivity and advent of digital ships and e-navigation enabling technology.
3. Construction Industry
IT technology has traditionally been used in the construction industry as a tool with which to heighten the overall efficiency associated with various work processes.
However, recent efforts have been focused on the advent of a high value-added IT convergence industry capable of improving productivity and increasing profitability within a construction industry that has traditionally been a labor intensive industry. The transformation of the construction industry into a high value-added IT convergence industry is made possible by the supporting role played by the IT technology and infrastructure developed under the auspices of national IT policies. In other words, whenever an advanced IT technology is selected and developed in a strategic manner as part of national IT policies, the construction industry can then redevelop and use the IT technology in question in a manner that brings about high value-added to the industry.
The growing construction IT convergence has paved the way for the emergence of a trend towards a joint partnership between IT policy and the construction industry. It has also established the framework for the eradication of the previous supply-demand based relationship in which while IT policy assumed a leadership role in terms of the development of technologies, the construction industry limited itself to selectively adopting IT technologies in accordance with its needs.
Chapter 8. Conclusion
The Korean government’s IT policies focused on satisfying the basic demand for telecommunications, developing the industry based on the electronics industry and building a foundation for informatization until the mid-1980s. Since that point until the mid-1990s, the government made intensive efforts at the national level to boost the country to be an IT superpower. Especially, once the country was under the International Monetary Fund’s supervision (IMF) in late 1997, the government injected a large-scale fund into the IT industry in its desperate move to overcome the crisis. The decision was effective. The world’s best IT infrastructure was built, the nationwide level of informatization was significantly enhanced, and the IT industry became a main engine for the growth of other industries. The government’s following drives of the IT839 strategy and the development of the new growth engines provided a stepping stone for Korea to move away from its old model of simply following the advanced countries’ technologies to a new model to actively lead the development of new technologies. With those innovative policies, the environments where different IT industries can grow together and Korea plays a leading role in the global IT development were created.
At the same time, however, several issues were raised. As for informatization, Korea now has the highest level of Internet users throughout the globe, but it has failed to build a foundation by which different sectors effectively utilize the Internet and is actively used in many different ways. In addition, despite its quantitative growth, the local software industry has not produced tangible results in terms of global competitiveness and ripple effect on the national economy.
Jorgenson & Vu (2005) who investigated the IT investments’ contribution to the national economic growth in the 110 economies argued that Korea’s low contribution rate in the IT industry was attributed to a relatively low utilization rate of IT and a slow development of the software industry. He also pointed out that Korea was very strong in terms of IT hardware, but it was a way behind the developed nations in terms of the application of IT technologies such as convergence of IT and other industries and other software-style areas. To put this analysis in a positive way, Korea still has lots of potential to realize additional economic growth through IT.

목차 Contents

• 표지 ... 1
• 서 언 ... 2
• 목차 ... 4
• 표목차 ... 7
• 그림목차 ... 11
• 요약문 ... 14
• Chapter 1. ICT 해외진출 전략대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정 ... 32
• 1. 정책자문 필요성 및 목적 ... 32
• 2. 주요지역별 현황 ... 34
• 3. 정책자문 대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정을 위한 요소 분석 ... 50
• 4. 정책자문 대상국가 풀(Pool) 선정 ... 61
• 5. 주요 대상국가 현황 ... 67
• Chapter 2. The Status of ICT in Korea ... 85
• 1. Overview of ICT Policy in Korea ... 85
• 2. ICT and Economic Growth in Korea ... 90
• 3. Weakness of Korean IT Industry: Polarization ... 100
• Chapter 3. Telecommunications Competition Policy in Korea ... 106
• 1. Characteristics of Telecommunications Service Industry and Overview of Regulations ... 106
• 2. Early Stage of Korean Telecommunications Services ... 116
• 3. Recent Development in Regulatory Reform ... 128
• Chapter 4. ICT Industrial Policy of Korea ... 139
• 1. Government-led Electronics Industry Promotion Policies in the 1960s and 1970s ... 139
• 2. Development of Three Strategic IT Products in the 1980s ... 143
• 3. Creation of MIC and Informatization Promotion Fund in the 1990s ... 146
• 4. IT 839 Strategy and New IT Strategy in the 2000s ... 154
• 5. Research and Development in the ICT Sector ... 167
• 6. ICT Human Resource Development ... 172
• Chapter 5. Informatization Policy in Korea ... 192
• 1. Implementation of Informatization Promotion Plan ... 192
• 2. Establishment of Infrastructure ... 195
• 3. U-Korea Master Plan ... 212
• 4. Bridging the Digital Divide ... 215
• Chapter 6. Case Studies of Overseas ICT Use ... 224
• 1. Germany: ICT in Construction, Retail, Consumer Goods, and Manufacturing ... 224
• 2. US: ICT in Health Care ... 230
• 3. Syria: ICT in Education ... 241
• 4. Zimbabwe: ICT in Agriculture ... 247
• 5. India: ICT in Telemedicine ... 254
• 6. Ireland: ICT in Construction ... 259
• 7. France: ICT in Automotive ... 262
• 8. Ethiopia: ICT in Agriculture ... 264
• 9. India: ICT in Agriculture ... 266
• 10. Greece: ICT in Technology-intensive SMEs ... 269
• 11. Netherlands: ICT in Transprot and Logistics, Healthcare, Software Engineering, and Financial Services ... 271
• 12. Canada: ICT in Logistics, Tourism, Automobile Leasing, Livestock Production, Printing, and Publishing ... 273
• 13. Uganda: ICT in Education ... 276
• 14. Portugal: ICT in Automotive, Retail, Pharmaceutical, Chemical, Retail, and Consumer Goods ... 278
• 15. Slovenia: ICT in SMEs across Agriculture, Logistics, Financial Services, and Public Administration ... 280
• Chapter 7. The Use of IT for the Advancement of the Manufacturing Industry ... 284
• 1. The Importance of IT Use in the Manufacturing Industry ... 284
• 2. Case Studies of IT Use in the Manufacturing Industry ... 292
• 3. Policy Measures Related to IT Use as a Means to Advance the Manufacturing Industry ... 369
• Chapter 8. Conclusion ... 383
• Reference ... 392
• 끝페이지 ... 416