초록

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 육종 목표별 다양한 사과 신품종을 개발하여 품종 보호 출원 및 농가 보급
○ 육종 단계별 우량계통 다수 선발 및 특성 구명을 통한 품종화
○ 사과 신품종과 주요 재배품종의 S-allele PCR 분석을 통한 자가불화합성 인자형 및 인공교배 후 교배친화성 구명
○ 사과 신품종 ‘아리수’ 등 6종에 대한 적합한 대목 및 적정 노출 길이 구명
○ 사과 대목 개발을 위한 선발계통의 특성 구명을 통한 육종 단계 진전

Abstract ▼

This study was conducted by breeding for a new apple variety of targets using cross-breeding. Goals of breeding of were developed late maturing varieties, multi-purpose and small size varieties, red-fleshed apple, late flowering varieties. Annual phases of the cross-breeding were first year artifici

This study was conducted by breeding for a new apple variety of targets using cross-breeding. Goals of breeding of were developed late maturing varieties, multi-purpose and small size varieties, red-fleshed apple, late flowering varieties. Annual phases of the cross-breeding were first year artificial crossing, second year sowing, third year grafting on M.26 dwarf rootstock, fourth year planting on field, fifth to eighth years nursery tree treatment and ninth years later investigation to fruit and tree. Selected strains were grafted on M.9, planting and dissection and then, final selection after regional adapted test during 6years. Cross-combinations for bred late maturing varieties were 10 Cross-combinations from 2011 to 2015. One of them was ‘Aikano kaori’בSansa’. Varieties used combinations were ‘Aikano kaori’, ‘Fuji’, Gala’, ‘Jazz’, ‘Hwahong’ and ‘Honey crispy’. They have characteristics of late maturing and high quality. We gained 4,827 seeds through artificial 2~4 cross-combination and next year, sawed. Before planting on field, we eliminated strains having poor growing and thorny on stem. We planted 9,493 strains from 2009 to 2015. When seedlings were flowering after ending of juvenility, we investigated fruit and tree and determinated whether the selected. We selected strain that tree didn’t have disease and fruit has good shape and taste. These 1ST selected strains were planted 3 to 30 tree that were propagated on M.9. 1ST selected strains were 167 strains from 2010 to 2015. Among of them, 4 strains was gone next step, regional adaptation test. Cross-combinations for bred multi-purpose and small size varieties were only 1 Cross-combinations on 2010. One was ‘Alps ottome’בSansa’. We gained 2,954 seeds through artificial cross-combination and next year, sawed. 1ST selected strains were 76 strains from 2010 to 2015. Among of them,4 strains was gone next step, regional adaptation test. Breeding stages were progressed to bred easy-coloring cultivar under high temperature condition. We produced nursery tree that grafted on M.26 in 2013 and next year, planted in research field. 1ST selected strains were 34 strains from 2013 to 2015. Breeding stages were progressed to bred late flowering cultivar for avoiding a late frost damage during flowering time. We progressed breeding stages to seeding 832seed and grafting 1ST selected strains. As a result of artificial crossing using red-fleshed genetic resources, we gathered total 604 seeds. We progressed annual breeding step : dissemination, seedling culture, planting nursery tree after grafting on dwarf-rootstock, fruit characteristic test of fruit setting strain. We selected 27 strain as primary among strains.
For the stable diffusion rapidly of domestic new apple cultivars, we conducted to study for crossing compatibility between major cultivation cultivars(‘Tsugaru’, ‘Hongro’, and ‘Fuji’) and 8 new cultivars(‘Hongso’, ‘Hongan’, ‘Yeohong’, ‘Picnic’, ‘Greenball’, ‘Hwangok’, and‘Arisoo’, ‘Summerking’) and to determine the optimum rootstock and the exposed length of rootstock on 7 new cultivars(‘Hongguem’, ‘Seohong’, ‘Summer Dream’, ‘Arisoo’,‘Summerking’, ‘Hwangok’, and ‘Picnic’). S-genotype were identified as S1S9('Fuji' and 'Yeohong'), S1S3(‘Hongro’, ‘Hongso’, and ‘Hongan’), S3S7(‘Arisoo’, ‘Greenball’, and‘Tsugaru’), S3S9(‘Summerking’, ‘Hwangok’), S1S5('Picnic') using S-allele PCR analysis.There were crossing incompatibility between apple cultivars of same S-genotype. Based on our results of optimum rootstock and the exposed length of rootstock on new apple cultivars, ‘Hongguem’, ‘Seohong’, and ‘Summer Dream’ are recommended M.9 or M.26 rootstock and exposure length 10cm. ‘Arisoo’ are recommended M.9 and 5cm.
Apple dwarf rootstocks are useful for field-saving and labor-reducing in apple cultivation.We have cultivated best lines to expend genetic variation in apple rootstocks throughout crossing, seed harvest and propagation. Our final goal is to develop labor-saving apple rootstocks. The candidated lines were tested to examine pest(woolly apple aphid) resistant level and cold resistant level and easy rooting dwarf stocks Korean climate and soil. The lines selected finally will be used for apple field after completing regional adaptation test.