초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 새만금간척지에서 노지 채소 재배시 비간척지 대비 수량이 90% 이상인 작물은 비트, 양상추, 브로콜리, 비닐하우스 채소 재배시 비간척지 대비 수량이 95% 이 상인 작물은 적겨차, 양상추, 청갓, 비트, 당근 등 이었음
○ 새만금간척지 비닐하우스 브로콜리 재배시 물이용 효율은 일일 관수량 7.9mm에서 3.35kg/ton 으로 가장 높은 값을 보임
○ 새만금간척지 비닐하우스에서 옥수수와 적근대 재배시 최대수량을 보이는 관비수준은 140, 183% 수준이었음
○ 간척지 제염 및 재염화 경감을

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 새만금간척지에서 노지 채소 재배시 비간척지 대비 수량이 90% 이상인 작물은 비트, 양상추, 브로콜리, 비닐하우스 채소 재배시 비간척지 대비 수량이 95% 이 상인 작물은 적겨차, 양상추, 청갓, 비트, 당근 등 이었음
○ 새만금간척지 비닐하우스 브로콜리 재배시 물이용 효율은 일일 관수량 7.9mm에서 3.35kg/ton 으로 가장 높은 값을 보임
○ 새만금간척지 비닐하우스에서 옥수수와 적근대 재배시 최대수량을 보이는 관비수준은 140, 183% 수준이었음
○ 간척지 제염 및 재염화 경감을 위한 볏짚 시용시 감자수량은 볏짚 5.0톤/ha > 볏짚 20톤/ha ≥ 볏짚10톤/ha > 볏짚무시용으로 적정 볏짚시용량은 5.0톤/ha 로 판단됨
○ 유기농자재 처리에 나른 나방류 방제효과는 고삼80%+죽초액15% 처리시 사충률은 최고 64.9%를 나타내었음
○ (간척지 재배 수량성 및 조수입분석을 통한 최적 재배조합 설정)
- 케일(6∼8월) + 열무(9∼11월) + 양파(12∼5월) : 조수입 9,470천원/10a
- 적근대(6∼8월) + 상추(9∼11월) + 양파(12∼5월) : 조수입 6,908천원/10a

Abstract ▼

1. 간척지 비닐하우스 및 노지재배에 알맞은 소득작물 선발
This study was conducted to select the economic crops at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Various economic vegetable crops were cultivated in field and green house to establish a plan of land use. Field experiment was conducted with about thirty or more economic c

1. 간척지 비닐하우스 및 노지재배에 알맞은 소득작물 선발
This study was conducted to select the economic crops at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Various economic vegetable crops were cultivated in field and green house to establish a plan of land use. Field experiment was conducted with about thirty or more economic crops such as kale, beet and broccoli. Daily drip irrigation for reducing salts injure was done except rainy day. The soil texture used in this filed experiment was sandy loam. The initial soil EC was 11.3 dS m^-1 in open field and 23.5 dS m^-1 in green house. In open field experiment, beet, broccoli and lettuce grew well over 90% compared to non saline soil cultivation. Also in green house cultivation, red mustard, lettuce, leaf mustard, garden beet and carrot grew well over 90% compared to non saline soil cultivation. In growth response of nitrgen fertilizer application level experiment, the root diameter of garden beet was highest in 75kg ha^-1 nitrogen application level. The root zone application of non-degradable organic matter was effective against alleviating salts injure of carrot growth but more research is need to save input cost and mechanization. The experiment on PE mulching and irrigation methods was conducted to find out the possibility of potato cultivation in winter season. The yield for each different kind of PE film mulching in the weekly drip-irrigation management section was in the order of transparent≥black≥ coloration≥green color. As for the yield of potatoes depending on each way of water management, the yield in the treatment of drip irrigation with 1 week interval was more than drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. It is needed to be conducted more research on more crops and experimental site because crop response on saline soil is relative and absolute tolerances vary depending on soil texture, climate and irrigation practices. These data came up with this experiment to be used only as a reference guideline for general planning on rational use of reclaimed tidal land.
2. 간척지 비닐하우스 재배시 적정 물관리 및 시비기술 개발
This study was carried out to examine the irrigation and fertilization method for green house agriculture at Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Maize, leaf beet and broccoli were cultivated to examine the irrigation and fertigation. The soil texture used in this experiment was sandy loam. Drip irrigation was conducted at 1.5 ～ 9.0 mm․day^-1 level for reduction of resalinization in the plastic vinyl house using drip irrigation tape.
Correlation coefficients between measurement methods(C_portable:EC_1:2.5 and C_portable:EC_1:5) resulted in 0.96 and 097, respectively. Soil electrical conductivity measured by portable EC meter in the center of ridge(beneath irrigation tape) was 0.63∼0.69dS m^-1 on planting season and decreased by 0.16dS m^-1 on harvesting but the EC on the center of surface furrow was 6.0dS m^-1 on planting season and increased by 9.1dS m^-1 on harvesting.
The desalinization depth by drip irrigation water was 30～40 cm in soil profile by amount of 6.0 mm․day^-1 during the growth period of leaf beet and broccoli. The resalinization was occurred more easily on surface soil than subsoil. Also, salts were easily leached by drip irrigation water but the leaching amount was differed from area of soil profile and soil salinity levels around drip irrigation tape depended on the depth of soil.
The highest yield of maize and leaf beet were obtained at 140 and 183% fertigation level respectively. The correlation between yield and fertigation amount showed a relationship in significant. The water use efficiency(WUE) was highest in 7.93mm daily drip irrigation amount treatment during the broccoli growth period.
Our results suggested that drip irrigation shows effectiveness on the lowering the soil salinity according to the drip irrigation quantity but it needs more research on this study because dynamics of salts in soil can vary with many factors such as soil physico-chemical properties and seasonal climate. But there are still salt injure problem on crops and should be solved by precise water and soil management.
3. 간척지 소득작물 재배를 위한 제염 및 유기자재 효과 구명
There has been constructed 135,000 ha of reclaimed tidal land in Korea since 1965. The reclaimed tidal lands have been for supplementing the decreasing arable land for sustainable food supply and national food security. In the past, the initial purpose of reclamation was for rice production The land use seemed to be appropriate. Nowadays, There are many adverse conditions to maintain the paddy land due to several major socio-economical issues such as opening of domestic market by FTA , fast-changing food trend such as the decreasing rice consumption (62.9kg per capita) and promotion of self-sufficiency rate of food. Hence, The government has suggested that the reclaimed land should be to of diversity for agricultural industry development. The government announced that the reclaimed land be used for upland crop production. For agricultural use, The reclaimed land should need many measures to improve. The soil type of reclaimed tidal land in Korea is sodic-saline soil. The sodic-saline soil have several problems for agriculture such as high salinity, poor physico-chemical property(dispersive, low organic matter, poor soil structure). So far, Several researches have been done to improve reclaimed tidal lands over the past years. The established research results are as follows : the determination of threshold salinity for upland crops such edible and forage crops, selection of salt-tolerant green manure crops, Nutrient management for several forage crops(whole crop barley, forage corn) and large-scale desalinization by flushing and paddy use. However, For better production, the reclaimed land needs more advanced agronomic practice. The priority in reclaimed agriculture is soil salinity. There are many engineering methods to improve salt-affected soils. The powerful tool to remove salt is to irrigate the land to consider soil environmental factors(soil structure, salt content, water table location) and agronomic purposes. The cost to remove salt by irrigation for large-scale reclaimed land is too huge to carry out. In this study. We carried out to determine the effectiveness of organic amendment such as rice straw to improve newly reclaimed tidal land for agricultural use. In addition, we tried to understand salt dynamics as affected by several climate factor(precipitation, air temperature) and soil properties(soil property, water table location, upward movement of soil solution by capillary). Based on the understanding salt dynamics and effect of organic amendment, we tried to establish the better agronomic practices for various cash crops.
4. 간척지 소득작물 발생해충 친환경적 관리 연구
It has information for the study of reclaimed tidal land of the relevant pest is insufficient. Based on the ecological characteristics data through occurrence investigation of pests that occur in the reclaimed land was conducting research trying to develop a control method.
The results of the examination of the kind of major pests that occur in potato and sweet potato, the potato, such as Hymenia recurvalis and Atractomorpha lata has been investigated, sweet potato is mites, Helcystogramma triannulella, Myzus persicae, Hymenia recurvalis, grasshoppers and leafhoppers were investigated. Light trap was attracted such as beetles, Gryllotalpa orientalis, Cicindela chinensis, earwigs and Agrius convolvuli.
Results of pheromone trap survey, occurred damage caused by the Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa armigera at fall-grown potato. For 6 days after the control of organic materials have come out higher, it showed a tendency to decrease going for the control of 9 days after.
5. 간척지 토양에서 소득작물 재배를 위한 적정 작부체계 개발
The good adapted crops which could be maintain upper 80% yield level of normal arable land in reclaimed land were young radish(September∼November, 101%), onion(December∼ May, 99%), garlic(September∼June, 99%), kale(June∼August, 96%), young radish(July∼ August, 91%), sweet potato(June∼November, 90%), Artemisia capillaris(April∼August,87%) and red chard(June∼August, 80%). The best economic vegetables for higher income were kale(5,768 thousand won), garlic(3,837 thousand won), red chard(2,546 thousand won) and onion(2,284 thousand won). The best combination cropping systems for cash crops which could got the highest income in Saemangeum reclaimed land were 1. kale(June∼ August)+young radish(September∼November)+onion(December∼May) : total income 9,470 thousand won and 2. Red chard(June∼August)+lettuce(September∼ November)+onion(December∼May) : total income 6,908 thousand won. The selected sightseeing crops for festival in reclaimed land were tulip(Tulipa gesneriana), rape(Brassica campestris var. nippooleifera), statice(Limonium sinuatum), liatris(liatris). The best combination cropping systems for sightseeing crop with cash crop were 1. tulip (November∼June)+kale(July∼October) : total income 5,656 thousand won, 2. rape (December∼May)+Red Chard(June∼August)+kale(September∼November) : total income 5,623 thousand won. The content of flavonoid and polyphenol in crops cultivated in reclaimed land were higher than that of at normal arable land’s. Range of elevation of flavonoid was 1∼88%, and polyphenol was 3∼829%. In addition the capacity of superoxide radical elimination was strengthen when crops were cultivated in reclaimed land. To make the preestimate standards against salt stress, we established a salt stress index materials. When plant confronted on salt stress, the pH, concentration of inorganic ion material, electric conductivity and photosynthesis ability of interior plant were changed accordingly. To minimize the salt induced oxidative stress anti-oxidant enzyme activity were increased also.The practicable index material to prevent injury from salt were Ca²⁺ , pH, electric conductivity, SOD and H₂O₂. The level of selected index were changed regularly proportioned to soil salinity.