초록

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 농경지에 발생하는 잡초 현황
작목 : 발생초종
논 : 28과 90종
밭 : 50과 375종
과원 : 63과 492종
목초지 : 52과 275종
전체 : 81과 621종
○ 각 작목별 발생잡초의 군락변이 확인 : 10년전(2000∼2004년)과 비교 결과
○ 외래잡초 발생 현황 : 28과 166종 (2005년; 19과 100종)

Abstract ▼

Surveys of weed species in paddy fields were conducted in Korea to identify weed occurrence from June to September 2013. Total 3,434 sites of paddy fields in 155 City/Gun, eight Provinces were investigated. From the nation-wide survey, 90 weed species in 28 families were identified and classified to

Surveys of weed species in paddy fields were conducted in Korea to identify weed occurrence from June to September 2013. Total 3,434 sites of paddy fields in 155 City/Gun, eight Provinces were investigated. From the nation-wide survey, 90 weed species in 28 families were identified and classified to 52 annuals, 3 biennials and 35 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Poaceae(18 species). 17, 8 and 6 weed species belonged to Cyperaceae, Scrophulariaceae and Polygonaceae, respectively, and these 49 weed species in the most four families accounted for 54% of total weed occurrence. The most dominant weed species in Korean paddy fields were Echinochloa spp. (17.4%), followed by Monochoria vaginalis (12.4%), Eleocharis kuroguwai(7.8%), Bidens tripartite(9.27%), Scirpus juncoides(6.2%) and Sagittaria trifolia(6.1%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in paddy fields of Korea.
The Rural Development Administration, Korea conducted investigation of the paddy weed distribution from 1971 to 2013 in a 10-year cycle and the results has been used for the efficient management of paddy weeds. In 1971, annual weeds such as Rotala indica, Monochoria vaginalis etc. were dominant. On the other hand, the occurrence of Echinochloa species was reduced, but a broadleaf weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia were dominant in 1981. In 1991, perennial weeds such as Eleocharis kuroguwai, Sagittaria pygmaea, Sagittaria trifolia were dominant rather than annual weeds. In 2000, Monochoria vaginalis was the most common, followed by Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crus-galli , and Sagittaria trifolia in 2013. Herbicide-resistant Echinochloa crus-galli and Monochoria vaginalis were the most dominant, followed by Eleocharis kuroguwai, Scirpus juncoides, and Sagittaria trifolia. It has been predicted that the occurrence of Echinochloa species will be continuously increasing and perennial weeds will be more common than annual ones in the near future. The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds and exotic weeds will be increasing due to global warming and changes in agricultural patterns.
Surveys of weed species on upland fields were conducted in Korea to investigate the occurrence of weed flora from April to May 2014 for winter crop fields and from July to August 2014 for summer crop fields. From the nation-wide survey, 375 weed species in 50 families were identified and classified to 162 annuals, 78 biennials and 135 perennials. Based on the occurrence ratio, the most weed species belonged to Compositae(73 species). 44 and 25 weed species belonged to Poaceae and Polygonaceae, respectively, and these 183 weed species in the most five families accounted for 49% of total weed occurrence. While 287 weed species in 45 families occurred in the winter crop fields, 339 weed species in 47 families occurred in summer crop fields. The most dominant weed species in Korean upland fields were Digitaria ciliaris, followed by Portulaca oleracea, Acalypha australis, Chenopodium album, Rorippa palustris etc. 129 weed species in 25 families were considered as exotic weeds. Based on the importance analysis, the highest value was C. album followed by Amaranthus lividus, Conyza canadensis etc. This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence, weed population dynamics and establishment of weed control methods in upland fields of Korea.
This study was investigated in order to occurrence of weed flora in orchard fields and to the establishment of weed control basic data in these weeds. And this study was investigated on 2015. As a result of the study on orchard weeds, there were total of 492 weeds including 63 family. Among all the weeds, 159 species were annual, 97 species were biennial and 236 were perennial. Each fruit tree patterns of occurrence weeds, 306 species 50 families in apple orchard, 286 species 50 families in grape tree orchard, 288 species 48 families in peach orchard and 304 species 50 families in pear orchard. Dominance was the highest with Digitaria ciliaris followed by Artemisia princeps, Stellaria aquatica, Commelina communis, Acalypha australis etc. in order. And exotics weeds occurred 127 species. Trifolium repens was the highest in importance analysis and the followings were in order of Conyza canadensis, Chenopodium album, Taraxacum offcinale, Rumex crispus etc.
This study was investigated in order to occurrence of weed flora in pasture and to the establishment of weed control basic data in these weeds. And this study was investigated during 3 year, 2013, 2014 and 2015. As a result of the study on pasture weeds, there were total of 275 weeds including 52 family. Among all the weeds, 77 species were annual, 55 species were biennial and 143 were perennial. Regional patterns of occurrence weeds, 207 species 49 families in Jeju, 62 species 14 families in Pyeongchang and 136 species 36 families in Seosan. Dominance was the highest with Rumex obtusifolius followed by Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens, Digitaria ciliaris, R. acetosella etc. in order. And exotics weeds occurred 80 species. R. obtusifolius was the highest in importance analysis and the followings were in order of T. repens, R. acetosella, Erigeron annuus, Cerastium glomeratum, Solanum carolinense etc.
We surveyed the distribution of exotic weeds in the crop fields, paddy, orchard and pasture land in Korea. And this study was investigated during 3 year, 2013, 2014 and 2015. As a result of the study on exotic, there were total of 166 weeds including 28 family. In this survey of crop fields, 130 exotic weeds in 20 families including 24 summer annuals, 37 winter annuals, 11 summer/winter annuals, 1 summer/winter annuals/perennials and 24 perennials were identified. In this survey of paddy, 7 exotic weeds in 4 families including 5 summer annuals and 2 perennials were identified. In this survey of orchard, 126 exotic weeds in 24 families including 48 summer annuals, 33 winter annuals, 13 summer/winter annuals, 1 summer/winter annuals/perennials and 31 perennials were identified. In this survey of pasture land, 82 exotic weeds in 23 families including 26 summer annuals, 19 winter annuals, 10 summer/winter annuals, 1 summer/winter annuals/perennials and 26 perennials were identified. This information could be useful for estimation of future exotic weed occurrence, exotic weed population dynamics and establishment of exotic weed control methods in the crop fields, paddy, orchard and pasture land in Korea.