초록

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
지역 맞춤형 노지재배 고추 주요 병해의 종합 방제 체계 구축
○ 주요병해: 탄저병, 역병, 세균점무늬병, 풋마름병
○ 지역 구분
주요 병해 발생 시기와 양상으로 중고냉지대와 평야지대로 구분
중고냉지대: 경북 북부와 강원
평야지대: 경기, 충남북, 전남북, 경남
차이: 탄저병 발생시기가 평야지대에 비하여 중고냉지대가 2주 이상 느림
○ 종합 방제력 구축
2년간의 연구결과를 기초로 4개의 병을 종합적으로 방제할 수 있는 방제 체계 구축

Abstract ▼

Pepper is an economically very important crop. In the last decade, production of pepper increased by 40%. Pepper has several disadvantages as a long cultivate period, destructive occurrence of several disease and absence of integrated control system against diseases. For that reasons, it should be n

Pepper is an economically very important crop. In the last decade, production of pepper increased by 40%. Pepper has several disadvantages as a long cultivate period, destructive occurrence of several disease and absence of integrated control system against diseases. For that reasons, it should be needed to develop the integrated control system in pepper. In this research, we chose 4 pepper disease, such as anthracnose, Phytophthora blight, bacterial spot and bacterial blight of pepper to develop the integrated control system in the fields.
1. Anthracnose
Pepper anthracnose could be effectively managed by fungicide spray with 7 times before developing it in the fields. It was included into the fungicide spray program 3 kinds of fungicide groups, as the preventive fungicide, the strobilurin fungicide and the curative fungicide as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicide. Monitoring for those fungicide resistance was carried out through a agar dilution method. C. acutatum as the major pathogen of pepper anthracnose showed less-sensetive to benzimidazole fungicide as carbendazim. In the case of DMI (demethylase inhibiting) fungicide, the mean of EC50 values of tebuconazole and prochloraz were 0.35 μg/mL and 0.08 μg/mL, respectively. Especially to detect strobilurin fungicide resistance, it was conducted by a agar dilution method and a respiration measuring method with the Presto BlueⓇ. In this research, it was performed to develop the assay measuring the respiration of the pathogen with the Presto Blue^Ⓡ. The almost isolates obtained from diseased fruit of pepper were identified as C. acutatum included into A2-2 group. They could be diagnosed promptly by PCR with species-specific primer. In diseased pepper and apple fruits collected from Cheongsong of Gyeongbuk, C. acutatum has been a major pathogen of pepper, while C. gloeosporioides was the one of apple. It was carried out the identification of Colletotrichum spp. isolated from diseased pepper and boxthorn in Cheongyang of Chungnam. All of Colletotrichum isolates was identified as C. acutatum, while the pathogen of boxthorn was done as C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides.
2. Phytophthora blight
Phytophthora blight occurred 0.01～0.3% in early June and disease incidence increased a period of intensive rainfall. Resistance of 15 commercialized cultivars of red pepper to four isolates of P. capsici isolated in Gyeongbuk and Chungbuk Province in 2014 and 2015 was evaluated under controlled environmental condition. However, we could not find the occurrence of race to resistant cultivar owing to physiopathological differentiation. For controlling it, fungicide application by soil-drenching showed very excellent efficacy in the fields. Damage by Phytophthora blight effectively reduced by 4 drench treatments of fungicide at intervals of 10 days just before rainy season. Furthermore a fungicide soak treatment of seedling increased control effect before planting in open field. However, it has not been found resistant isolates against several fungicides used in this research except for metalaxyl. If planting oat before the cultivation of pepper, Phytophthora blight decreased about 30% and total activity of soil microorganisms increased 68%.
3. Bacterial leaf spot
The spread of the disease was affected by the rainfall in hot pepper growing season. In the fields the disease has been increased to 6.7-17.9%. If it occurred at seedling stage, it would affect the control effiacy of fungicide application in the fields. Balanced fertilization was a very important strategy to control it, based on the result that it increased when fertilizer in the soil was low. To control it more effectively, they were combined to use in fields, which were the fungicide application and the cultivation of resistant cultivar. Control method of resistant cultivar was effective to spray once for each of the applying bactericide in seedling bed, mid-July and early August. Susceptible cultivar was effective to spray once for each of the applying bactericide in seedling bed, early July, late July and mid August.
4. Bacterial wilt
Occurrence of red pepper with wilt symptom at Eumsung and Geosan region in Chungbuk and Yeongyang and Andong in Gyeongbuk were surveyed in 2013∼2014. Wilting symptom of pepper, especially in the early growth stage, were caused mainly by Ralstonia solanacearum, and wilt by Phytophthora capcisi has declined due to culture of resistant cultivar, and since August caused by physiological disorder like excess-moisure injury, and so on. We examined the resistance of commercial pepper cultivars and the control effect of several chemicals to bacterial wilt to consider the possibility as a control tools against bacterial wilt on pepper by R. solanacearum. The evaluation of commercialized pepper cultivar to the pathogen was conducted in a greenhouse and fields. In seedling plant test, it was realized that the high resistant cultivar were Gushimgugeomgu, Geochanghan, Ildangbaek-gold, PR-.Asia, and PR-Nonggacheonha and resistant cultivars were Beulsecheul, Daedeulbo, PR-Geumgochu and PR-Ssaksseuli. Oxytetracycline showed the high bactericidal effect and control effect on bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. Pre-cultivation of rye also showed the good effect on the pepper disease. In this study. we examined the resistance of commercial pepper cultivars and the control effect of several chemicals to bacterial wilt to consider the possibility as a control tools against bacterial wilt on pepper by Ralstonia solanacearum. It was concluded that the culture of rye and the choice of resistant cultivar were good control tools against bacterial wilt on pepper and thought that there is a synergetic effect between the culture of rye and chemical treatment.