보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
제주특별자치도농업기술원 |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003203 |
과제고유번호 |
1395041295 |
사업명 |
지역농업연구기반 및 전략작목육성 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003203 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 제주지역 봄녹비작물 혼파 재배시 돈분액비 시용으로 녹비수량이 29% 증가
·무비구 5.52ton → 돈분액비 7.12ton/ha
○ 녹비작물을 재배 할 때 돈분액비 시용에 의한 토양중 질산태질소 유출특성
·녹비작물 재배시 돈분액비 사용에 의한 질산태질소 유출량은 화학비료와 비슷하여 화학비료 대체 가능
○ 제주지역 밭토양에서 봄녹비작물 헤어리베치와 호밀을 혼파하면 헤어리베치 단파보다 수량을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 질소급량을 증가시킬 수 있음
·건물수량 : 헤어리베치 단파 354∼40
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 제주지역 봄녹비작물 혼파 재배시 돈분액비 시용으로 녹비수량이 29% 증가
·무비구 5.52ton → 돈분액비 7.12ton/ha
○ 녹비작물을 재배 할 때 돈분액비 시용에 의한 토양중 질산태질소 유출특성
·녹비작물 재배시 돈분액비 사용에 의한 질산태질소 유출량은 화학비료와 비슷하여 화학비료 대체 가능
○ 제주지역 밭토양에서 봄녹비작물 헤어리베치와 호밀을 혼파하면 헤어리베치 단파보다 수량을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 질소급량을 증가시킬 수 있음
·건물수량 : 헤어리베치 단파 354∼402kg/10a, 헤어리베치+호밀 혼파 484∼514kg/10a
·질소공급량 : 헤어리베치 단파 10.8∼12.3kg/10a, 헤어리베치+호밀 혼파 11.2∼13.2kg/10a
○ 녹비작물 토양환원 시기가 늦을수록 토양중의 질산태 및 암모니아태질소 잔류량이 높아 가을감자 재배에 적합한 녹비작물 토양환원 시기는 7월 하순
- 녹비 토양환원 시기별 토양 질소함량
· 6월 28일 파쇄 : NO3—N 7.28, NH4+-N 8.85mg/kg
· 7월 31일 파쇄 : NO3—N 10.9, NH4+-N 105.8mg/kg
○ 가을감자 재배시 녹비작물을 7월 하순에 토양환원 후 돈분액비를 화학비료 표준시비량의 75∼100%에 해당되는 양을 시용하면 비료절감 가능
○ 제주지역에서 가을감자 재배시 녹비작물 환원에 의한 비료 절감 효과
- 녹비작물 재배 후 질소와 칼리질 비료 시비량에 따른 감자 수량과 양분이용 효율은 표준구대비 65% 시비구가 가장 높아 표준시비량보다 질소와 칼리비료 35%를 절감할 수 있었으며, 해어리베치 단파보다 헤어리베치+호밀 혼파가 높았음
- 감자수량과 인산이용률을 높이기 위해서는 녹비작물을 헤어리베치 단파보다 헤어리베치+호밀을 혼파하는 것이 효과적 이었음
○ 화산회토양에서 가을감자 재배시 녹비작물 재배 후에 화학비료 절감 방법
- 봄 녹비작물 파종(헤어리베치와 호밀 혼파 3월 상순 까지) → 녹비 토양환원(7월 중순부터 7월 하순사이) → 질소와 칼리비료 35% 줄여서 비료살포 및 감자파종(8월 하순부터 9월 상순)
Abstract
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1. Development of nutrition management technology for potato using with green manure crops and liquid livestock manure
The study aimed to improve productivity of green manure crops through application of chemical fertilizers and liquid pig manure during fallow periods after harvest of potato and
1. Development of nutrition management technology for potato using with green manure crops and liquid livestock manure
The study aimed to improve productivity of green manure crops through application of chemical fertilizers and liquid pig manure during fallow periods after harvest of potato and radish in the volcanic ash soils of Jeju. It also aimed to investigate chemical-saving effects of crush time for green manure crops appropriate for cropping systems of fall potato and soil incorporation of green manure crops.
Experiment 1. Effects of liquid pig manure application on green manure growth
The effects of liquid pig manure(LPM) on the yield and nutrient supply of green manure crops, such as hairy vetch single and hairy vetch+rye mixture, were investigated. We used three treatments: no-fertilizer(NF); LPM, 4.0ton/10a(N-P2O5-K2O= 4.0-0.024-4.0kg/10a); and chemical fertilizer(CF ; N-P2O5-K2O=4.0-0-4.0kg/10a). The green manure crops, namely, Vicia villosa Roth. (hairy vetch) and Secale cereale L. (rye).were sown on March 11 and harvested on June 24, 2014. Yield of green manure crops significantly increased in hairy vetch + rye mixture plot than the hairy vetch single plot. In hairy vetch single plot, yield of green manure crops was increased by application of LPM and CF plot, but there were no significantly differences. Yield of green manure crops in hairy vetch+rye mixture plot significantly increased by the LPM and CF treatments, but no difference was noted between the LPM and CF treatments. Nitrogen supply by the green manure crops was higher in hairy vetch+rye mixture plot than hairy vetch single plot. However, there no significant difference. Phosphorus and potassium supply was significantly increased in hairy vetch+rye mixture plot than hairy vetch single plot. By treating LPM and CF, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply were higher than those in no fertilizer. NO3-N concentration of infiltration water sample collected at 70cm of soil depth was lower non-fertilizer than chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure application treatments. But NO3-N content of infiltration water were not different between chemical fertilizer and liquid pig manure plot. In conclusion, LPM could replace CF. When planting green manure crops, the hairy vetch+rye mixture is more effective than hairy vetch single to effectively use green manure crops.
Experiment 2. The change of nitrogen in soil by green manure incorporation
The cultivation of green manure crops improves soil quality and agricultural sustainability.However, green manure crop nutrient supply is dependent on the incorporation date. This study evaluated the effects of green manure crops incorporation time on soil nitrogen changes in order to develop the utilization of green manure crops as an organic nutrient source in a volcanic ash soil. Hairy vetch and rye were grown were grown between March 2013 and July 2013. The remaining hairy vetch and rye were incorporated using a tractor rotavator on June 28, July 9, July 19, and July 29 in 2013year. And green manure crops were cultivated hairy vetch, rye, barley, and triticale in 2014. The green manure crops were crushed on June 28, July 11, July 21, and July 31 in 2014 year. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of the soil was higher a green manure crops were late more time in corporation. Therefore, incorporating the green manure crops in late July followed by potato cultivation in the fall is an effective way to reduce nutrient loss.
Experiment 3. Potato nutrition management using liquid livestock manure and green manure crops
For green manure crops, hairy vetch and rye were seeded in a mix on March 16, 2015. Liquid pig manure at 3.6tons/10a was applied before green manure crops were seeded. Green manure crops were crushed using a tractor on June 28 and July 21 for soil incorporation. A split plot design was used for test treatments in potato cultivation, in which the time for soil incorporation of green manure crops(June 28 and July 21) was set to whole plots; 4 treatment subplots during potato cultivation included green manure cultivation only(no fertilization), green manure cultivation+50% liquid pig manure, green manure cultivation+75% liquid pig manure, and green manure cultivation+100% liquid pig manure. Potatoes were sown on August 27 and harvested on December 1. Soil nitrate nitrogen content increased by soil incorporation time of green manure crops in plots crushed in late June until July 21, then decreased. Soil nitrate nitrogen content in plots crushed in late July increased until August 5, and then decreased; therefore, it was more effective to crush in late July than in June to provide potatoes with nutrients. Plots crushed in July were more desirable for potato growth than plots crushed in June. Plots fertilized with liquid pig manure were better for potato growth than plots without fertilization, and there was no difference in potato growth between plots fertilized with liquid pig manure. Although potato yields of plots crushed in July were higher than those of plots crushed in June, there was no significant difference. Of plots treated with liquid pig manure, potato product yields in plots crushed in June and July were high in plots treated with 75% and 100% liquid pig manures, respectively. In addition, there was no difference in occurrence of potato common scab between treatments. Therefore, it is determined that if green manure is crushed in late July and liquid pig manure corresponding to 75%~100% of standard fertilization level is applied, it will possible to cultivate potatoes.
2. Study on improvement of nutrient balance for potato using green manure crops
This study was conducted to investigate methods of reducing chemical fertilizers for cultivation of the fall potato after soil incorporation of green manure crops in the volcanic ash soils of Jeju. Changes in soil chemical properties and balances of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were analyzed.
Experiment 1. Investigation of phosphorus fertilization methods after green manure incorporation
Ggreen manure crops cultivated in this study were hairy vetch sown alone and hairy vetch+rye mixture. The green manure crops were seeded on Mar. 11, 2013, and harvested on Jun. 28. The green manure crop was crushed on Jun. 29 using a tractor. During potato cultivation, four treatments were contained in the experiment; NF(non fertilizer), P fertilizer(N-P-K=0-25-0kg/10a), NK fertilizer(N-P-K=18-0-19kg/10a), and NPK fertilizer(N-P-K=18-25-19kg/10a). Potatoes were seeded on Aug. 27, and harvested on Dec. 10.There were no differences in the yields of potato stem and tuber from the cultivation plots of different green manure crops. However, in the plots with single-sown hairy vetch and mixed-sown hairy vetch+rye, the were higher in the P fertilizer plot than in the no fertilizer plot. The yield of tuber among the treatments with mixed-sown hairy vetch+rye was the highest in the NPK fertilizer plot. The available phosphate content in soil initially increased with time in all plots, but began to decrease gradually after Oct. 18. The available phosphate content was high in the plots using phosphate fertilization, and the difference in available phosphate content between non-phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increased with time. In the single-sown hairy vetch and mixed-sown hairyvetch+rye plot, the phosphorus balances in the no fertilizer plot and NK fertilizer plot were very low, while those in the P fertilizer plot and NPK fertilizer plot were high. In conclusion, when planting potatoes, no significant improvement in phosphorus balance was seen when phosphorus fertilization was top dressed after cultivating hairy vetch+rye together, compared to hairy vetch alone. However, the available phosphate content in soil and the potato yield did increase.
Experiment 2. Investigation of nitrogen fertilization methods after green manure incorporation
Green manure crops were sown on March 11, 2014 with 4 treatments, including hairy vetch, mixed seeding with hairy vetch+rye, mixed seeding with hairy vetch+barley, and mixed seeding with hairy vetch+triticale. Green manure crops were harvested on June 28, when yield and nutrient content were analyzed to calculate nitrogen level. Green manure was crushed using a tractor on June 29. A split plot design was used for test treatments in potato cultivation, in which hairy vetch plots and plots with mixed seeding of hairy vetch+grasses were set to whole plots; 4 nitrogen fertilizer treatment subplots during potato cultivation included green manure+no nitrogen fertilization(N=0kg/10a), green manure+65% basal nitrogen(N=11.7kg/10a), green manure+65% basal nitrogen(N=11.7kg/10a)+35% top dressing fertilization(N=6.3kg/10a), and green manure+35% nitrogen top dressing fertilization(N=6.3kg/10a). Potatoes were sown on August 27 and harvested on December 10. For soil nitrate nitrogen contents during potato cultivation, there was no significant difference between hairy vetch plots and plots with mixed seeding of hairy vetch+grasses; the highest nitrogen levels were found in basal nitrogen plots and plots with basal nitrogen+top dressing fertilization until September 21, the 25th day after seeding; and there was no difference between plots without nitrogen fertilization and plots with nitrogen top dressing fertilization. Nitrogen fertilization plots were better for potato growth than no-fertilization plots, whereas potato growth in basal nitrogen plots was similar to that of plots with basal nitrogen+top dressing fertilization. For potato yield by treatment of green manure crops, yields of plots with mixed seeding of hairy vetch+grasses were higher than those of hairy vetch plots. Basal nitrogen plots and plots with basal nitrogen +top dressing fertilization had the highest potato yields among plots with nitrogen fertilization.In potato dry matter, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization rate by nitrogen fertilizer amount were highest in 65% basal nitrogen plots and plots with treatment of 65% basal nitrogen+35% top dressing fertilization. There was no significant difference in nitrogen nutrient balance between plots treated with green manure crops. In contrast, nutrient balance was higher as nitrogen fertilizer amount increased. Therefore, for a higher nitrogen balance without reduction of potato yield in cultivation of potato, mixed seeding with hairy vetch and grasses as green manure crops and application of nitrogen fertilizer at 65% of standard fertilization level were most effective.
Experiment 3. Investigation of potassium fertilization methods after green manure incorporation
Ggreen manure crops cultivated in this study were hairy vetch sown alone and hairy vetch+rye mixture. The green manure crops were seeded on Mar. 16, 2015. Green manure crops were harvested on July 1, when yield and nutrient content were analyzed to calculate potassium level. A split plot design was used for test treatments in potato cultivation, in which hairy vetch and mixed seeding of hairy vetch+rye were set to whole plots; 4 nitrogen fertilizer treatment subplots during potato cultivation included green manure+no potassium fertilization(K=0kg/10a), green manure+65% basal potassium(K=12.35kg/10a), green manure+65% basal potassium(K=12.35kg/10a)+35% top dressing fertilization(K=6.65kg/10a), and green manure+35% potassium top dressing fertilization(K=6.65kg/10a).Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was 18.0 and 25.0 kg/10a, respectively. Potatoes were sown on August 27 and harvested on December 1. There were no differences in potato growth and yield between cultivation plots with green manure crops, whereas the no-fertilization plots among potassium fertilization plots had the lowest potato yields, and basal potassium fertilization plots and plots with basal potassium+top dressing fertilization had the highest yields. There was no significant difference in yields of potato stem and tuber between hairy vetch alone plots and plots with mixed seeding of hairy vetch+rye.The yield of stem and tuber by potassium fertilization in each treatment plot of green manure crops was higher in potassium fertilization plots than in the no-fertilization plots, whereas there was no difference between potassium fertilization plots. Potassium uptake and utilization rate were higher in plots with 65% basal potassium and plots with 65% basal potassium+35% top dressing fertilization. Although plots with mixed seeding of hairy vetch+rye were higher in potassium nutrient balance than in the hairy vetch plots, there was no significant difference. Of fertilizer treatment plots, potassium balance was low in the no-fertilization plots and plots with 35% top dressing fertilization and high in plots with 65% basal potassium and plots with 65% basal potassium+35% top dressing fertilization. In conclusion, the most effective method for potato cultivation without reduction of potato yield and without accumulation of potassium in soil was a mixed seeding of hairy vetch and rye as green manure crops and application of potassium fertilizer at 65% of standard fertilization amount.
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