초록 ▼

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 유기농업자재 3종의 잉어와 미꾸리에 대한 급성독성 요약 (LC₅₀ : mg/L)
○ 추출물사용에 따른 환경중 추정농도는 고삼 논의 경우 0.2~4.32 ㎎/L, 님 논의 경우 0.14~12 ㎎/L, 데리스 하천의 경우 0.00036~0.0063 ㎎/L이었음.
○ 고삼과 님추출물 사용에 따른 환경에서 논물에서 미꾸리를 대상으로 했을때 독성 노출비는 각각3.9~65.2, 3.0~252.8, 데리스추출물 사용에 따른 환경에서 하천에서 잉어를 대상으로 했을때 독성노출비는 7476.2

Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 유기농업자재 3종의 잉어와 미꾸리에 대한 급성독성 요약 (LC₅₀ : mg/L)
○ 추출물사용에 따른 환경중 추정농도는 고삼 논의 경우 0.2~4.32 ㎎/L, 님 논의 경우 0.14~12 ㎎/L, 데리스 하천의 경우 0.00036~0.0063 ㎎/L이었음.
○ 고삼과 님추출물 사용에 따른 환경에서 논물에서 미꾸리를 대상으로 했을때 독성 노출비는 각각3.9~65.2, 3.0~252.8, 데리스추출물 사용에 따른 환경에서 하천에서 잉어를 대상으로 했을때 독성노출비는 7476.2~87222.2로서 모두 위해성이 낮아 어류에는 안전하였다.
○ 고삼추출물로 만든 제품(48종) 환경중 추정농도는 논은 3.2~68 ㎎/L, 배수로는 0.53~11.33 ㎎/L, 강물은 0.0016~3.0 ㎎/L이었다. 독성노출비는 논은 0.2~4.0, 배수로에서는 1.1~24, 강물에서는 4.0~6666.7 수준이었다.
○ 님추출물로 만든 제품(37종) 환경중 추정농도는 논은 1.2~90.9 ㎎/L, 배수로는 0.33~15.2 ㎎/L, 강물은 0.003~6.0 ㎎/L이었다. 독성노출비는 논은 0.1~9.9, 배수로에서는 0.8~59.5, 강물에서는 2.0~15866.7 수준이었다.
○ 데리스추출물로 만든 제품(5종)은 논에 사용하는 경우가 없어서 환경중 추정농도는 강물에서 0.003~0.009 ㎎/L이었다. 독성노출비는 강물에서는 555.6~1666.7 수준이었다.
○ 유기농업자재로 사용되는 고삼 등 식물추출물 3종의 꿀벌독성
○ 식물 추출물의 지렁이와 꿀벌에 대한 위해성

Abstract ▼

Promoting the organic farming, much of the plant extracts used for controlling pests and fungi have been imported from China, India and Myanmar. But, it is so worrisome that aquatic animals such as muddy loach inhabiting in paddy field and common carps in river exposed to the pests and fungi likely

Promoting the organic farming, much of the plant extracts used for controlling pests and fungi have been imported from China, India and Myanmar. But, it is so worrisome that aquatic animals such as muddy loach inhabiting in paddy field and common carps in river exposed to the pests and fungi likely be harmed. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the risks of aquatic animals influenced by the three plant extracts, i.e. Sophora flavescens, Azadirachta indica and Derris elliptica. The toxicities of common carp (Cyprinus Carpio), muddy loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and PEC (Predicted environmental concentration) exposed to the three plant extracts were estimated by the typical spray volume method. Risks were determined by the toxicity value as 48-hr LC₅₀ (Lethal concentration, median) or NOEC (No observed effect concentration) into PEC. 48-hr LC₅₀ of Common carp and NOEC by Sophora flavescens, extracts was 7.9 and 6.2 mg/L, 26.8 and 21.8 mg/L by Azadirachta indica extracts and 47.0 and < 24.0 mg/L by Derris elliptica extracts, respectively. 48-hr LC₅₀ of Muddy loach and NOEC by Sophora flavescens extracts was 16.9 and 10.0 mg/L, 35.6 and 30.0 mg/L by Azadirachta indica extracts, and 73.9 and < 40 mg/L by Derris elliptica extracts, respectively. Therefore, acute toxicities of the three plant extracts for aquatic animals were proved to be very low level.
PEC of Sophora flavescens extracts in paddy, drainage and river water was 68.0~3.0, 11.33~0.50 and 3.0~0.0018 mg/L, respectively. TER of Sophora flavescens extracts in the three water was 0.2~5.6, 1.5~33.8 and 2.6~4388.9, respectively. PEC of Azadirachta indica extracts in paddy, drainage and river water was 90.9~1.2, 15.2~0.2 and 4.8~0.00075 mg/L, respectively. TER of Azadirachta indica extracts in the three water was 0.4~29.7, 2.3~178.0 and 4.5~35733.3, respectively. PEC of Derris elliptica extracts in river water was 0.0063 mg/L. TER of Derris elliptica extracts in river water was 5222~15667.
This study was also performed to evaluate the toxicity and risk of the organic agricultural materials formulated with Neem, Sophora and Derris extracts to Cyprinus Carpio, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Apis mellifera L. and Eisenia fetida through the acute toxicity test.
In acute toxicity test to Cyprinus Carpio, 48h-LC₅₀ and 96h-LC₅₀ of two neem extracts were 26.8, 38.3 mg/L, respectively. 48h-LC₅₀ of two sophora extracts were 8.2, 7.9 mg/L and 96h-LC₅₀ were 7.7, 6.4 mg/L, respectively. 48h-LC₅₀ of two derris extracts were 47.1, 162.7 mg/L, 96h-LC₅₀ was 35.3, 157.0 mg/L, respectively.
In acute toxicity test to Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, 48h-LC₅₀ and 96h-LC₅₀ of two neem extracts were 35 and 48.7 mg/L, respectively. Two sophora extracts 48h-LC₅₀ and 96h-LC₅₀ were 16.7, 18.2 mg/L and 16.7, 17.7, respectively. Two derris extracts 48h-LC₅₀ and 96h-LC₅₀ were 73.9, 426.4 and 52.7, 323.2 323.2 mg/L, respectively.
As a result of acute contact toxicity test to Apis mellifera L., LC₅₀ of neem and derris extracts were more than 100 ㎍/bee while LC₅₀ of sophora extracts were 1.7 ㎍/bee. In case of acute oral toxicity test to Apis mellifera L., LC₅₀ of neem and derris extracts were more than 100 ㎍/bee while LC₅₀ of sophora extracts were 1.7 and 0.3 ㎍/bee.
In acute toxicity test to Eisenia fetida, LC₅₀ of neem and derris extracts were more than 1,000 mg/kg and LC₅₀ of sophora extracts were 1,000~5,000 mg/kg.
According to the acute toxicity tests, Neem and Derris extracts were low in toxicity to Cyprinus Carpio, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Apis mellifera L. and Eisenia fetida. Therefore, it is expected that these plant extracts have no significant effects on the environmental organisms when farmers use it for pesticides. But sophora extracts are highly toxic to Apis mellifera L.
PEC of sophora extracts for earthworm and honeybee were 0.26~42.86 mg/kg and 54~30,000 g/ha, respectively. TER of sophora extracts for earthworm and honeybee were 23.3~12,970.2 and 31.76~17,647.06, respectively. Earthworm risk of sophora extracts was very low but honeybee has some risk.
PEC of azadirachta extracts in soil for earthworm and honeybee were 0.18~1028.57 mg/kg and 70~720,000 g/ha. TER of azadirachta extracts for earthworm and honeybee were 9.7~99,431.8 and 0.7~7,200, respectively. Earthworm risk of azadirachta extracts was very low but honeybee has some risk.
PEC of derris extracts in soil for earthworm and honeybee were 0.26~4.5 mg/kg and 180~3,150 g/ha. TER of derris extracts for earthworm and honeybee were 5,185.2~38,895.4 and 1.8~31.5, respectively, therefore has low risk.