보고서 정보
주관연구기관 |
국립농업과학원 National Institute of Agricultural Sciences |
보고서유형 | 최종보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 |
한국어
|
발행년월 | 2016-02 |
과제시작연도 |
2015 |
주관부처 |
농촌진흥청 Rural Development Administration(RDA) |
등록번호 |
TRKO201600003329 |
과제고유번호 |
1395041351 |
사업명 |
농축산물부가가치향상 |
DB 구축일자 |
2016-06-25
|
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600003329 |
초록
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Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 1세부과제명 : 흑미의 in vivo 뼈 건강과 비만 동시조절 개선 기전 연구
○ 흑미 호분층 추출물군은 대조군보다 낮은 체중, 체지방 및 비만지수를 보였고 관련 호르몬 조절 및 변으로의 배설을 통해 이루어지는 것으로 보인다.
○ 흑미 호분층 추출물은 대조군보다 뼈의 밀도, 강도, 무기질 함량 및 혈중 칼슘 함량을 증가시켰고 양성대조군으로 사용된 아이소플라본과 유사하거나 높은 효과를 보였다.
○ 1협동과제명 : 흑미의 뼈 건강과 비만 임상효능 연구
○ 흑미 대량 추출 공정 확립
Ⅳ. 연구개발결과
○ 1세부과제명 : 흑미의 in vivo 뼈 건강과 비만 동시조절 개선 기전 연구
○ 흑미 호분층 추출물군은 대조군보다 낮은 체중, 체지방 및 비만지수를 보였고 관련 호르몬 조절 및 변으로의 배설을 통해 이루어지는 것으로 보인다.
○ 흑미 호분층 추출물은 대조군보다 뼈의 밀도, 강도, 무기질 함량 및 혈중 칼슘 함량을 증가시켰고 양성대조군으로 사용된 아이소플라본과 유사하거나 높은 효과를 보였다.
○ 1협동과제명 : 흑미의 뼈 건강과 비만 임상효능 연구
○ 흑미 대량 추출 공정 확립
- 흑미 전체가 아닌 흑미의 호분층을 이용하여 안토시아닌이 다량 함유된 원료획득 및 추출대량공정 : 특허출원번호 10-2014-0153004
- 안토시아닌의 효과적인 추출방법 : 특허출원번호 10-2014-0153005
○ 흑미 호분층 추출분말 섭취에 의한 비만과 뼈 건강 개선 유효성을 12주, 무작위배정, 이중맹검 인체적용시험 수행한 결과(IRB승인 : EU 14-07),
- 체지방 감소에 유의한 효과가 있었으나 뼈 건강은 효과가 없었다.
- 체지방 감소 1차 유효지표 : DEXA로 측정한 총 체지방과 복부지방 함량이 실험 전 후 유의하게 감소되었고, 체지방율 비율과 복부지방비율도 유의하게 감소되었다(요약표 1).
- 체지방 감소 2차 유효지표 : 체중은 유의미하지 않았고, BIA로 측정한 체지방율을 감소시켰다.
- 뼈 건강지표에서는 흑미섭취군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었다.
- 갱년기지표인 쿠퍼만 인덱스는 흑미섭취군이 대조군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다.
○ 2협동과제명 : 배양세포계와 흑미 추출물을 이용한 지방세포분화억제 및 조골세포 형성 촉진 기작 규명
○ 50% 주정 흑미(호분세포층) 추출물은 조골세포와 지방세포를 동시에 조절할 수 있는 Wnt/β-catenin 신호체계를 활성화시켜 조골세포 분화를 촉진하며, 지방세포 분화를 억제하는 효능을 보였다.
○ 흑미 추출물의 유효성분인 protocatechuic acid는 조골세포와 지방세포를 동시에 조절할 수 있는 Wnt/β-catenin 신호체계를 활성화시켜 조골세포 분화를 촉진하며, 지방 세포 분화를 억제하는 효능을 보였다.
Abstract
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Heukmi (Oryza sativa) is a black-colored rice with various bioactive compounds. The cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside contents in black rice aleurone layer extract (BRE) were 7.18 mg/g and 1.79 mg/g, respectively and were 5.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher in BRE than in the whole grain of bla
Heukmi (Oryza sativa) is a black-colored rice with various bioactive compounds. The cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside contents in black rice aleurone layer extract (BRE) were 7.18 mg/g and 1.79 mg/g, respectively and were 5.5-fold and 4.2-fold higher in BRE than in the whole grain of black rice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BRE on lipid and bone metabolism by in vitro, in vivo, and human studies.
In lipid metabolism study using rats, its effects were measured by body fat, serum lipid, and hormone levels in ovariectomized rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n=8/group): sham operated group (S); ovariectomized control group (OVX); ovariectomized group treated with isoflavone 10 mg/kg B.W. (IF); ovariectomized group treated with BRE 30 or 90 mg/kg B.W. (BRE-30 or -90). High fat diet (45% calories from fat) was fed to all rats for 12 weeks. Body weight gain, body fat weight, and adiposity index increased in the OVX group, but significantly decreased in IF and BRE supplementation. Serum triacylglycerol and leptin levels decreased while serum adiponectin level significantly increased in BRE groups in contrast to that of the OVX group. Hepatic total lipid, triglyceride, or cholesterol levels were increased in the OVX group, but decreased in BRE supplementation (p>0.05). In the effects of BRE on bone metabolism, supplementation of BRE significantly decreased body weight compared with the control group. Mineral density of tibia was significantly higher in the BRE-90 group compared with the control group. The breaking force of tibia and femur, and serum and bone calcium concentrations were higher in the BRE-30 and BRE-90 groups than those of the control group. However, urinary pyridinoline level, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone concentration were decreased in the BRE groups compared to the control group.
The purpose of this human study was to assess the effects of black rice extract supplement on body fat composition and bone density in postmenopausal obese women aged 45-69 years old. 105 participants were enrolled; however, 19 participants were excluded due to low compliance. A total of 86 participants (46 for black rice extract [BRE] group, 40 for placebo group), were given 2 capsules of BRE or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. In addition, the experiment was extended to 24 weeks in order to measure bone mass density. BRE supplementation significantly decreased total body fat (kg), trunk body fat (kg), and percentage (%) as measured by Dual X-ray Absorptometry (DXA) after 12 weeks (P<0.05). The differences of total body fat and trunk body fat (%) were significantly different between BRE and placebo groups (p<0.05) at 12 weeks. The result of Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis also showed the reduction of percent body fat similar to that of DXA. As for the fat distribution of trunk measured with computed tomography (CT), it has been found that the visceral fat (cm2) and the ratio of visceral to subcutaneous fat or to total trunk fat were significantly decreased in BRE group (p<0.05) but not in placebo group, after 12 weeks. As for the blood lipid profile, triglyceride content was significantly decreased in BRE group after 12 weeks compared to baseline (p<0.05). And, the relative change in blood triglyceride from baseline to 12 weeks was significantly different between BRE and placebo group (p<0.05). Unfortunately, the indexes of bone health such as bone mass density were not significant after 12 or 24 weeks.
In the effects of BRE on cell line study, the osteogenic and adipogenic effects of 6 black rice extracts from Eulji University were investigated. Among the samples, 50% ethanol extracts of aleurone layer of black rice (BRE) had the most effective activity. BRE increased osteogenic gene including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as dose-dependent manner. Consistently, ALP activity and staining were significantly increased by BRE treatment and intracellular mineral accumulation was also effectively higher than the control group. On the other hand, BRE suppressed the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)δ, and C/EBPα. BRE also decreased the rate of fatty acid synthesis while increasing the rate of fatty acid oxidation, consequently leading to the effective reduction of intracellular lipid accumulation. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway results in the stimulation of osteogenesis and inhibition of adipogenesis reciprocally. BRE elevated the expression of genes related to Wnt signaling pathway such as Wnt3a and β-catenin. Next, to investigate which compound is responsible for the effect of black rice extracts on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, 6 compounds were chosen by GC-MS analysis and assessed their properties. Results show that protocatechuic acid (PCA) could stimulate osteogenesis and inhibit adipogenesis significantly. PCA decreased the rate of fatty acid synthesis while increasing fatty acid oxidation. PCA also suppressed intracellular lipid accumulation. In agreement with these results, PCA inhibited the expression of adipogenesis-specific genes such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and adipocyte protein 2. Meanwhile, PCA stimulated osteogenesis, enhancing the expression of osteogenesis genes including RUNX2, osterix, and ALP. This osteogenic acitivity of PCA was confirmed by elevating ALP activity and staining. Finally, PCA enhanced Wnt/β-catinin signaling-related genes such as Wnt3a and β-catenin.
In conclusion, these results suggest that black rice aleurone layer extract (BRE) is a potentially useful ingredient for anti-obesity and increasing bone health.
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