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Kafe 바로가기주관연구기관 | 한국건설기술연구원 Korea Institute Of Construction Technology |
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보고서유형 | 3단계보고서 |
발행국가 | 대한민국 |
언어 | 한국어 |
발행년월 | 2011-03 |
과제시작연도 | 2010 |
주관부처 | 미래창조과학부 Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning |
등록번호 | TRKO201600010636 |
과제고유번호 | 1345141556 |
사업명 | 21세기프론티어연구개발사업 |
DB 구축일자 | 2016-10-22 |
키워드 | 우수.빗물.빗물관리.저류.침투.Rainwater.Rainwater Utilization.Stormwater Management.Rainwater Storage.Rainwater Infiltration. |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.23000/TRKO201600010636 |
대체수자원 확보 및 친환경 도시 건설에 대한 욕구가 증가하면서 분산식 빗물관리에 대한 기술 수요 또한 증가하고 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 체계적인 기술보급 없이 추진되어 이수 목적의 빗물이용시설이나 재해 저감목적의 저류시설에 치중되고 있는 실정이다. 기술수준이 기술 수요를 충족시키지 못하는 상황으로 무분별한 외국 기술의 유입이 우려되므로 본 연구에서는 국내 실정에 맞는 빗물관리 기술의 실용화를 추진하여 3단계 종료시점 선진국 기술 수준의 82%까지 향상을 목표로 하고 있다.
3단계의 최종연구결과는 다음과 같다.
○ 1,
대체수자원 확보 및 친환경 도시 건설에 대한 욕구가 증가하면서 분산식 빗물관리에 대한 기술 수요 또한 증가하고 있다. 그러나 국내의 경우 체계적인 기술보급 없이 추진되어 이수 목적의 빗물이용시설이나 재해 저감목적의 저류시설에 치중되고 있는 실정이다. 기술수준이 기술 수요를 충족시키지 못하는 상황으로 무분별한 외국 기술의 유입이 우려되므로 본 연구에서는 국내 실정에 맞는 빗물관리 기술의 실용화를 추진하여 3단계 종료시점 선진국 기술 수준의 82%까지 향상을 목표로 하고 있다.
3단계의 최종연구결과는 다음과 같다.
○ 1, 2단계 연구성과 보급 및 성능향상
○ 실용화 기술의 성능향상
○ 공동주택 빗물관리시설 모니터링 및 관리기술 개발
○ 기존시설 물순환 개선(Retrofit) 기법 개발
○ 다기능 녹지 집수, 그린필터 성능평가 및 기준제시
○ 빗물관리시설의 수질관리 활용방안
○ 의사결정지원시스템 모델 통합
○ 의사결정지원시스템 모델 상용화
○ 공동주택 빗물관리시설 지침 및 교육 프로그램 개발
○ 빗물관리 의사결정지원 모델 상용화 지원
○ 빗물관리시설 모니터링 및 효과분석
○ 공동주택 빗물관리시설 국내 확산 모델 구축
○ 빗물관리시설 계획ㆍ설계 및 시스템 기술 지원
세부적으로는 빗물관리기술 개발 및 적용성의 검토를 위하여 공동주택 빗물관리시설의 설치방안을 도출하였으며, 다기능 녹지 시스템과 그린필터의 성능을 평가하였고, 관로형 저류 시스템과의 연계를 통한 설계 반영 성과를 거두었다. 또한, 빗물관리기술을 지원하고 기술 보급하였다. 공동주택 빗물관리기술의 시설기준 제시를 위하여 빗물관리 대표적인 빗물관리 시설을 현장 조사하여 도입 공정 및 운영상의 문제점을 도출하였다. 조사결과 잘못된 계획 설계는 도입 후의 시설 관리에도 영향을 미쳐 효율적인 시설운영을 저해하고 있으며, 시설운영도 단순 점검과 시설보수에 그치고 있는 수준이다. 따라서 지속적인 시설운영과 효율평가를 위해 모니터링 성과지표를 제시하였으며, 유지관리 지침(안)을 정리하였다.
빗물관리시설 계획, 설계 시 기초자료로 활용할 수 있도록 빗물관리 지표 및 목표량 산정 방법을 제시하였으며, 지역별 강우특성에 따른 적용방안, 서울 지역을 대상으로 GIS 공간분석을 이용한 빗물관리 적합도 분석을 수행하여 제시하였다. 빗물관리시설 국내 확산 모델 구축을 위하여 수원시, 강릉시 등의 지자체와, 청와대 그린오피스, 베트남 하노이 시와 필리핀 등 외국기관에 대한 기술지원을 수행하였다.
빗물관리 의사결정지원 시스템 통합 부분은 1, 2, 3차년도에 Rainstock 모형과 Raincity-combi 모형의 통합버전인 RainCity Ver.1.5 Beta 개발을 완료하였으며, 4차년도에는 1.5 버전의 성능개선, 1.5 버전과 의사결정지원 시스템의 통합프로그램을 개발하였으며, 적용성 확대를 위한 모식도 및 리포팅 기능 개선을 포함한 2.0 버전을 개발하여 마무리할 예정이다.
빗물관리시설의 장기적인 모니터링을 통해 초기오염우수의 제어, 빗물유출저감 기능의 지속성 확보, 빗물관리시설 주변 토양생태환경영향 등을 살펴보고, 이러한 분석을 통해 시스템화된 빗물관리시설을 현장에 실험 적용하여, 그 성능을 분석함으로서, 빗물관리시설 설치 지침에 대한 개선점 도출, 빗물관리시설의 계획·설계, 시공, 유지 관리 등의 빗물관리시설의 설치 운영에 대한 시설조합을 제시하고, 기존 우수관로의 대체가능성에 대해 검토하였다.
IV. Results
1. Development and application of a rainwater management technology
To demonstrate the rainwater management technology that was developed, the multifunctional water catchment system in parks and forests, the green-filter system, and the linear-infiltration system were coord
IV. Results
1. Development and application of a rainwater management technology
To demonstrate the rainwater management technology that was developed, the multifunctional water catchment system in parks and forests, the green-filter system, and the linear-infiltration system were coordinated, and the design was incorporated into the coordinated system, delivering results with success. In the fourth year of RMS implementation, the aforesaid systems (the catchment, green filter, and linear-rainwater systems) were introduced to the rainwater utilization facilities inside the demonstration program sites, which aimed to build Low-Carbon Green City in Gangneung. In the Asan-Tangjeong district, technical support was provided while introducing the idea of decentralized rainwater utilization in the residential-development stage. Additionally, companies working on introducing rainwater utilization facilities into schools as part of the green-school initiative were offered design technology assistance, which helped disseminate the facilities. Technical assistance and training were also provided for the rainwater utilization facilities associated with UNESCAP and for those in Vietnam (Hanoi), the Philippines, and other overseas locations.
2. Proposing standards for rainwater management technologies and facilities in apartment housing units
To propose facility standards for rainwater management technology for apartment housing units, representative rainwater management facilities were inspected, and the introduction process and operation problems were identified. The inspection revealed that inaccurate planning and design were affecting facility management in the post-introduction stage, compromising the efficiency of facility operation. It was also found that the facility operation was being carried out at meager inspection and repair levels. Thus, monitoring parameters were proposed to help ensure continued facility operation and efficiency evaluation, and maintenance guidelines (draft) were organized.
Rainwater management parameters and methods for estimating target volume were presented, for use as basic data for planning and designing rainwater management facilities. In addition, implementation strategies customized to match the characteristics of the rainfalls in each region were proposed, and goodness-of-fit analysis of rainwater management using GIS and spatial analysis of the Seoul area was carried out, and the results were presented. Moreover, the concept of WQCV (water quality capture volume) system was introduced to promote water quality management in the rainwater management facilities and to help them secure high-quality rainwater.
3. Development of training programs for the use of the developed rainwater management technology
The training programs for the use of the developed rainwater management technology aimed to improve the understanding of rainwater management, disseminate the technology in a systematic way, and build disaster-free, eco-friendly cities.
The developed rainwater management technology can help save tap water by securing an auxiliary water resource, and can prevent urban flooding by helping reduce the rainwater runoff. The technology can also help reduce the number of nonspecific sources of pollution via initial rainwater treatment and pollutant release reduction, can alleviate the heat-island phenomenon, can prevent river dry-ups, and can restore water- and energy-recycling systems. The technology can help solve various urban environment problems.
The training program introduces the function of and need for rainwater management, the implementation scope of rainwater management, the laws and regulations for rainwater management facilities, and the analysis of economic feasibility in rainwater management facilities. It also addresses rainwater management techniques (particularly those that can be used locally), rainwater-related laws and the current status of the related legislation at the local governing bodies, and the expected effects of the introduction of rainwater management facilities.
4. Integration and commercialization of decision-making support models for the rainwater management system
For the integration of decision-making support models for the rainwater management system, RainCity ver. 1.5 Beta was completed by combining the Rainstock and Raincity-combi models developed in years 1 and 2 with the RMS implementation. The RainCity model was developed jointly with Germany in phase II, using MCDM-RMS and estimating weights via AHP analysis to identify facility combinations for each target region. The program performance was enhanced with features such as a reduced input window (down to two or three hours from two or three days), system capacity estimation using the rainfall probability figures, and a program that was developed to generate precision rainfall data at five-minute intervals.
As regards the integration of rainwater management decision-making support systems, source code analysis was conducted, and integration direction was established, to combine the Rainstock and Raincity-combi models from year 1. The facility combinations with RainCity, fixed as storage tanks and infiltration blocks for water use and control, were expanded to include a broader range of facilities. The GUI and DB features were also complemented and improved to ensure user comfort and convenience. In addition, RainCity ver.2.0 was developed, which features a mimetic diagram for larger program applicability and enhanced reporting abilities.
5. Rainwater management facility monitoring and management technique development
Conventional rainwater management facilities include infiltration gutters, pits, wells, and trenches as well as other rainwater utilization facilities. This study aimed to implement the long-term monitoring of the effects of such facilities, be they installed individually or interoperatively, and to examine the changes in their performance and the implications they may have on the environment. The infiltration facilities should implement long-term monitoring of pollutant accumulation in the soil resulting from initial rainwater pollution, of the changes in infiltration capacity caused by sediments, and of the rainwater contained in the storage tanks. The facilities should also follow up the status of rainwater quality.
This study also aimed to examine the patterns of land use at apartment complexes to help identify any change in the conditions for RMS implementation in apartment housing units. Based on the results of the analysis, the study intended to improve the planning and design (draft) of the rainwater management system and facilities, making them more appropriate for apartment complexes.
Further, the study explored options for replacing the conventional rainwater piping by linking isolated rainwater management facilities and measuring the effects thereof.
Rainwater management facilities should have a systematic monitoring program that will help ensure facility operation acco㎜odating the goal of the introduction, and that will help maximize the facilities’ effects.
Designing the monitoring program, therefore, must involve identification of resources (manpower, equipment, etc.) and restrictions that will help assess the performance of the target facilities, and establishment of a performance standard compatible with the goal by selecting critical variables and usable observation/survey equipment and data. For this study, performance parameters capable of evaluating the water use, water control, and water quality improvement effects of rainwater management facilities (depending on their utility) were identified. In addition, surveys were carried out to ensure the efficient operation and maintenance of the facilities. Using the data obtained from the surveys, the maintenance problems were examined, and the related literature was reviewed to identify the matters that must be taken into account in carrying out rainwater management. The information was also used to prepare maintenance guidelines (draft).
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