초록 ▼

○ 매질특성(균질매질/균열포함 매질)에 따른 심부 환경에서의 CO2 거동특성 평가 및 CO2 포화도 정량평가
○ 탄소동위원소 분석을 위한 감압시스템 개발, 추적자 분석 인프라 구축 및 지하수 수질 모니터링 자동화(알칼리도 자동 측정) 기술 개발
○ 토양 CO2 누출 실험 착수 및 지표/토양 CO2 측정시스템 개선 및 시추공 내 유체시료 채취장치 개발
○ 단층대 야외조사 및 단층암 시료채취(포항분지 내부 및 주변)
○ 암석 수리역학적 물성 실험에 기반한 단층 활성도 예비분석
○ 1차년도 개발된 탄성파 속도/

○ 매질특성(균질매질/균열포함 매질)에 따른 심부 환경에서의 CO2 거동특성 평가 및 CO2 포화도 정량평가
○ 탄소동위원소 분석을 위한 감압시스템 개발, 추적자 분석 인프라 구축 및 지하수 수질 모니터링 자동화(알칼리도 자동 측정) 기술 개발
○ 토양 CO2 누출 실험 착수 및 지표/토양 CO2 측정시스템 개선 및 시추공 내 유체시료 채취장치 개발
○ 단층대 야외조사 및 단층암 시료채취(포항분지 내부 및 주변)
○ 암석 수리역학적 물성 실험에 기반한 단층 활성도 예비분석
○ 1차년도 개발된 탄성파 속도/진폭 변화 반영 모델링 알고리즘 개선
○ 실내 코어물성실험장비 개선 및 실내실험과의 히스토리 매칭 프로토콜 개발
○ 저류층 시뮬레이션 결과를 이용한 2ㅇ 탄성파 모델링 방법론 개선
(출처: 연차보고서 요약서 5p)

Abstract ▼

The impact of fractures on CO2 transport, capillary pressure and storage capacity are presented by conducting both experimental and numerical studies. A series of laboratory experiment tests was designed with both a homogeneous and a fractured core under CO2 storage conditions. The injectivity in th

The impact of fractures on CO2 transport, capillary pressure and storage capacity are presented by conducting both experimental and numerical studies. A series of laboratory experiment tests was designed with both a homogeneous and a fractured core under CO2 storage conditions. The injectivity in the fractured core was twice of the homogeneous core, while the amount of calculated CO2 in the homogeneous core was over 1.5times greater than the fractured core. Finally, numerical simulations predict free-phase CO2 transfer between fracture and matrix in a fracture-matrix system. Pressure gradients between the fracture and matrix enforced CO2 to transfer from the fracture into matrix at the front of the CO2 plume, whereas, the reversal of pressure gradients at the rear zone of the CO2 plume reversed the transfer process. The variation of CO2 saturation within the fracture was caused by fracture aperture variations, and local variations of fracture permeability control the free-phase CO2 transfer between the fracture and matrix.
A research development tendency of geochemical monitoring in CO2 storage can be summarized by automated, unmanned, and real time techniques. In this study, we established the real time analytical system and have carried out a series of experiment for QA/QC. In addition, we documented the working manual for carbon isotope analysis to develop and elevate analytical techniques. From this study, we improved pre-treatment method making a precise measurement for carbon isotopes of Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC). We also improved the analytical method for solid samples to verify the accuracy of analysis and corrected our data using International Standard (solid). In this study, we interpreted the temporal variations of carbon isotope values and water quality in CO2-rich water using the established carbon isotope analyzer.
Fractures or discontinuities in rocks are common in sedimentary basins. A change in stress conditions acting on the fractures may be made due to subsurface CO2 injection and consequently the change may cause reactivation of fractures or faults. Since the reactivation of faults cutting reservoir and seal rocks may induce the leakage of injected CO2, it is important to evaluate possible reactivation of faults in CO2 storage sites. Shear strength of fault (or resistance to fault slip) is one of the critical input parameters for the analysis of fault reactivation potential. This year we built and installed a shear test apparatus to measure the strength of fault rocks. We took fault rocks from several fault outcrops in SE Korea. Our tests on the fault rock specimens revealed fault strength of them at wet condition can be as low as -0.2 in terms of friction coefficient that is much lower than that expected by the Byerlee's law (0.6 - 0.85). This result indicates that the estimation of fault strength from laboratory shear tests is necessary for reliable fault reactivation analyses.
We have conducted experimental simulations of CO2 injection into geologic reservoir, in which dry CO2 in liquid phases was injected into brine-saturated (4% NaCl aqueous solution) artificial and natural (Berea sandstone) rock samples under drain condition. The injection of CO2 was continued until CO2 saturation degree was stabilized. After the stabilization, brine water injection into the sample followed to represent post injection process. During the injection tests, the electric impedance of sample was measured to estimate the saturation degree of CO2 in the sample using Archie's equation. During the CO2 injection, CO2 saturation degree increases with decreasing rate up to about 25-30% of pore volume, then stabilizes in drain condition. In this condition, brine water injection reduces the degree of CO2 saturation down to about 30-60% of the maximum saturation degree. This amount is inferred as the maximum capacity of residual CO2 which is immobile in pore spaces. We also suggest that the resistivity measurement can be a prominent tool for monitoring of the migration of CO2 plume and for estimating the saturation degree of CO2.
To evaluate the behaviour of the injected CO2 under the ground, development of the integration technology of the seismic modeling, the laboratory experiment on the CO2-injected core, and the numerical reservoir simulation is investigated. The seismic modeling that can simulate the variation of seismic properties affected by the change of hydro-geologic properties are tested for various conditions. For visco-elastic modeling, which postulates the seismic amplitude change due to the CO2 injection, a laboratory-scale modeling and field-scale modeling according to the CO2 leakage scenarios are implemented. Secondly, based on the result of our laboratory core experiment, a comparison analysis with the numerical modeling result is also conduted and a thermostatic device is desinged and manufactured for solving problem of maintaining constant temperature in the laboratory core experiment system. Third, the historical matching method in the reservoir simulation is applied to the previous core experiment data set for calculating real-time CO2 saturations which are not available in the current status of our laboratory core experiment system. On the top of that, the methodology considering exchange data between the 2D the reservoir simulation and the seismic modeling is considered.
(출처: Summary 13p)

목차 Contents

• SUMMARY ... 13
• CONTENTS ... 17
• 목차 ... 19
• 제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 ... 21
• 1.1. 연구개발의 목적 ... 21
• 1.2. 연구개발의 필요성 ... 23
• 1.2.1. 연구개발의 과학기술, 사회경제적 중요성 ... 23
• 1.3. 연구개발의 범위 ... 24
• 제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 ... 26
• 2.1. 국내 기술개발 현황 ... 26
• 2.2. 국외 기술개발 현황 ... 28
• 제3장 연구개발 수행내용 및 결과 ... 31
• 3.1. 심지층 내 CO₂ 거동특성 평가 ... 31
• 3.1.1. 서언 ... 31
• 3.1.2. 연구방법 ... 31
• 3.1.3. 연구결과 ... 35
• 3.1.4. 결언 ... 41
• 3.2. 실시간, 원위치 지구화학 모니터링 기반기술 개발 ... 42
• 3.2.1. 서언 ... 42
• 3.2.2. 탄소 동위원소 분석을 위한 유체시료 감압시스템 개발 ... 44
• 3.2.3. 추적자 분 석 인프라 구 축 및 지 하수 수질 모 니 터링 자동화 ... 49
• 3.3. 이산화탄소 잠재 저장부지에서의 단층 재활가능성 평가를 위한 기법개발 ... 60
• 3.3.1. 연구배경 ... 60
• 3.3.2. 연구대상 및 방법 ... 61
• 3.3.3. 연구결과 ... 64
• 3.3.4. 결언 ... 67
• 5.4. CO₂ 주입에 의한 CO₂ 포화도 변화 연구 ... 68
• 3.4.1. 서언 ... 68
• 3.4.2. 실험과정 ... 69
• 3.4.3. 실험결과 ... 71
• 3.5. 탄성파 특성을 반영한 CO₂ 주입에 따른 물성변화 예측기술 확보 ... 75
• 3.5.1. 개발된 탄성파 속도/진폭 변화 반영 모델링을 이용한 CO₂ 거동평가 테스트 ... 75
• 3.5.2. 실내 코어 물성 실험 자료와 모델링 자료의 교차 분석 ... 81
• 3.5.3. 저류층 시뮬레이션의 히스토리매칭 기법을 이용한 실내 코어물성 실험 보정 ... 86
• 3.5.4. 저류층 시뮬레이션 결과를 이용한 2D 탄성파 모델링 방법론 개발 ... 93
• 제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 ... 94
• 4.1. 당해연도 연구성과 ... 94
• 4.1.1. 논문, 지재권, 기술이전 성과물 ... 94
• 4.1.2. 논문, 지재권, 기술이전 이외의 정량적 성과물 ... 97
• 4.1.3. 과제와 관련하여 창출된 기타 정성적 성과물 ... 98
• 4.2. 연구실적의 경제적 공공적 파급효과 ... 106
• 4.2.1. 정책적 측면 ... 106
• 4.2.2. 과학기술적 측면 ... 106
• 4.2.3. 경제산업적 측면 ... 106
• 4.2.4. 국민생활과 사회 수준 향상에의 기여 측면 ... 106
• 제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 ... 107
• 5.1. 기대 효과 ... 107
• 5.2. 활용계획 ... 108
• 제6장 참고문헌 ... 109
• 부록: 위탁연구 보고서 ... 113
• 끝페이지 ... 149